2. Swingby
● Greek city-states
● Roman Empire
● 476 Middle Ages
● 1300 Renaissance & Protestant Reformation
● 1800 the Industrial Revolution & Colonialism
● 1917 World War I
● 1945 World War II
● 1947 - 1989 Cold War
● 1950 European Union
Prezi https://goo.gl/rwbY14
History
3. Swingby
● Political theory
● Democracy
● Philosophy
● Art (theatre, poetry)
● Science (geometry, pi)
● City states, constant war and distrust
● Empire, Alexander the Great defeated Persians (331 BC)
As far as the Indus river, but his army refused to follow him further east. Alexander was threatened by
several plots and conspiracies. Some of his Macedonian didn't like the honor and generosity he bestowed
on the Persians. Some of his Greek followers didn't like the influence of the Macedonians, who they
thought of as half-civilized. And of course many Persians wanted to overthrow him and regain their lost
power. When he died it became obvious that the "empire" was nothing but Alexander's personal
possession: there was no legal or political framework holding it together without his outsized personality.
Ancient Greeks
4. Swingby
● Included the Greek Empire (Byzantine empire or Eastern Roman empire)
● Military
● Engineering (sewage, water management, colosseum)
● Latin/ Greek language
● Adoption of Christianity
● Relative stability, relaxed control and economic prosperity made Roman Empire
thrive. How? https://goo.gl/RZV3Z1
● Too large to defend, split in Eastern and Western Empire
● Eastern empire was more affluent, which led to internal tensions that made the
empire vulnerable from outside attacks like the Barbarians. Weakness led to
outside attacks => money to mobilize army => taxes => local oppositions => tax
evasions and internal struggle => weakness => outside attacks.
● Western empire fell in 476 (Germans/ Barbarians)
● Eastern empire fell in 1453 (Ottomans)
Roman Empire
7. Swingby
Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
● Early Middle Ages: population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and
movement of peoples. Catholic Church.
● High Middle Ages (start 1000): population growth because of technological and
agricultural innovations and warm climate => crop yields increased.
Manors; the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour
services to the nobles
Feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed
military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and
manors.
Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining
faith to reason
● The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine,
plague, and war
Middle Ages
8. Swingby
TED: https://goo.gl/yk03WJ
● The Black Death peaked in Europe between 1347 and 1350. It killed 1/3 of the
population. It reduced world population from 450 million to between 350 and 375
million.
● Why? Astrological forces? Earthquakes?, Sent by God? Poisoning of wells by
Jews? (lost fewer lives to the Plague due to their hygienic practices).
● Labor shortage, protectionism, war, malnutrition, poverty, disease and hunger,
inflation. Deserted farmlands turn back to forests
● Labor shortage leads to wage increases and an end of feudalism in Western
Europe => loss of power of the land owners
● Church could not protect us => loss of power & rise of Reformation
Black death
9. Swingby
Science: knowledge, come closer to God. astronomy, physics, medicine
Religion: Break away from the Catholic Church; Reformation (Luther, Calvin, Henry
VIII)
Exploration: new plants (potatoes), animals, diseases kill the natives and replaces
locals with Europeans and Africans (slaves)
Renaissance (1300 - 1600)
10. Swingby
Reason
Locke's theory of mind; the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self. Define
the "self" through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind
was a blank slate or tabula rasa. He maintained that we are born without innate ideas,
and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense
perception (empiricism) something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that
nothing is exempt from being disproven.
Voltaire: freedom of religion. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a
necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of
reason.
Montesquieu: Trias Politica. Separation of legislature, executive, judiciary power.
Enlightenment (1600 - 1700)
