Kseniia Shumelchyk - Android iBeacon development

MILAN 20/21.11.2015
Kseniia Shumelchyk – SoftServe Inc./GDG Dnipropetrovsk
Android Wear iBeacon development

MILAN 20/21.11.2015 - Kseniia Shumelchyk
iBeacons

iBeacon
-  iBeacon is a protocol standardised by Apple and introduced at the WWDC in 2013
-  Based on top of BLE
-  BLE works starting from 4S on Apple
-  BLE works starting from 4.3 on Android

Internal structure

Typical Beacon usage

What is BLE?
Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Smart) is a
wireless personal area network technology aimed
for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness,
beacons, security, and home entertainment
industries

What is BLE?
-  Not backward-compatible (with classic Bluetooth protocol)
-  Uses same radio frequencies - 2.4 GGZ
-  1 Mbps (1-3 Mbps with regular bluetooth)
-  Embedded devices & wearables

Specification
Technical Specification
Classic Bluetooth
technology
Bluetooth Smart
technology
Distance/Range
(theoretical max.)
100 m (330 ft) >100 m (>330 ft)
Over the air data rate 1–3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s
Active slaves 7
Not defined;
implementation
dependent
Minimum total time to
send data
100 ms 3 ms
Power consumption 1 W as the reference
0.01 to 0.5 W
(depending on use case)

Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
-  Client - A device that initiates GATT commands and requests, and accepts
responses, for example a computer or smartphone
-  Server - A device that receives GATT commands and requests, and returns
responses, for example a temperature sensor.
-  Characteristic - A data value transferred between client and server, for
example the current battery voltage.

Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
-  Service - A collection of related characteristics, which operate together to
perform a particular function. For instance, the Health Thermometer service
includes characteristics for a temperature measurement value, and a time
interval between measurements.
-  Descriptor - A descriptor provides additional information about a characteristic.
For instance, a temperature value characteristic may have an indication of its
units (e.g. Celsius), and the maximum and minimum values which the sensor
can measure.

GATT Operations
-  Discover UUIDs for all primary services
-  Find a service with a given UUID
-  Find secondary services for a given primary service
-  Discover all characteristics for a given service
-  Find characteristics matching a given UUID
-  Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic

Beacon’s Advertisement
-  Beacon advertises a data package called the Scan Response Data
-  This Data can be up to 31 bytes.
-  The scan response is divided into AD structures

Packet structure (1)
Ad Structure 1
0x02 0x01 0x1A
Remaining length AD Type Data
2 Flags Flag

Ad Structure 2
0x1B 0xFF 0xE0 0x00 0xBE 0xAC
Remaining length AD Type Manufacturer ID Beacon prefix
27
Manufacturer
specific
224 (Google)

Ad Structure 2
0x0C […] 0xBB 0x00 0x09 0x00 0x06 0xBA
UUID (16 bytes) Major Minor TX Power
9 6 -70

Internals
02 01 06 1A FF 4C 00 02 15: prefix (fixed except for 3rd byte - flags)
B9 40 7F 30 F5 F8 46 6E AF F9 25 55 6B 57 FE 6D: UUID
00 49: major
00 0A: minor
C5: measured TX power!

Android
-  Built in support for Android 4.3+
-  Central & peripheral roles
-  GATT server & GATT client
-  android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature

•  Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (1)
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>!
Check for permission
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
android:required="true"/>!
Check for hardware

!
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager)
getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();!
Get the BluetoothAdapter
!
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {

Intent enableBtIntent = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);

}!
4. Enable Bluetooth

private LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new LeScanCallback() {

@Override

public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[]
scanRecord) {

… // Parsing beacon data

});

}

};!
Define callback
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);!
Start BLE scanning

Android 5.0+ for Beacons detection
-  New api to work with BLE devices
-  Background scanning
-  Filtering possibility
-  SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER mode
-  SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY mode

LOW_POWER LOW_LATENCY
Test duration 134 minutes 152 minutes
Battery Level Change -13% -25%
Battery Drain Rate 268mA 454mA
Relative Battery Savings 41% --
Typical time between
detections
4400 ms 100 ms
http://developer.radiusnetworks.com/2014/10/28/android-5.0-scanning.html

private void setScanFilter() {

ScanFilter.Builder mBuilder = new ScanFilter.Builder();

ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(23);

ByteBuffer mManufacturerDataMask = ByteBuffer.allocate(24);

byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020");

mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE);

mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC);

for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) {

mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]);

}

for (int i=0; i<=17; i++) {

mManufacturerDataMask.put((byte)0x01);

}

mBuilder.setManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array(), mManufacturerDataMask.array());

mScanFilter = mBuilder.build();

}!
Creating filter for scanning

•  ENTER
FILENAM
E/LANG
private void setScanSettings() {

ScanSettings.Builder mBuilder = new ScanSettings.Builder();

mBuilder.setReportDelay(0);

mBuilder.setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER);

mScanSettings = mBuilder.build();

}!
Setting scanner settings

•  ENTER
FILENAM
E/LANG
protected ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() {

@Override

public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {

ScanRecord mScanRecord = result.getScanRecord();

int[] manufacturerData = mScanRecord.getManufacturerSpecificData(224);

int mRssi = result.getRssi();

}

}!
Setting up callback

•  ENTER
FILENAM
E/LANG
mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(Arrays.asList(mScanFilter), mScanSettings, mScanCallback);!
Start scanning

Android Beacon emitter
-  Works starting from 5.0
-  Currently only Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and later models supported
-  BluetoothLeAdvertiser & AdvertiseData & AdvertiseSettings support classes
-  Different levels of transmitter power

•  Android iBeacon emitter (1)
•  ENTER
FILENAM
E/LANG
protected void setAdvertiseData() {

AdvertiseData.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder()

ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(24);

byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020"));

mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); // Beacon Identifier

mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); // Beacon Identifier

for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) {

mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); // adding the UUID

}

mManufacturerData.put(18, (byte)0x00); // first byte of Major

mManufacturerData.put(19, (byte)0x09); // second byte of Major

mManufacturerData.put(20, (byte)0x00); // first minor

mManufacturerData.put(21, (byte)0x06); // second minor

mManufacturerData.put(22, (byte)0xB5); // txPower

mBuilder.addManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array());

mAdvertiseData = mBuilder.build();

}!
Setting emitter

•  Android iBeacon emitter (2)
•  ENTER
FILENAM
E/LANG
protected void setAdvertiseSettings() {

AdvertiseSettings.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();

mBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER);

mBuilder.setConnectable(false);

mBuilder.setTimeout(0);

mBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM);

mAdvertiseSettings = mBuilder.build();

}!
Setting up setting

Good to go, we can start advertising :)
Good to go, we can start advertising :-D
ENTER FILENAME/LANG
mBluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(mAdvertiseSettings, mAdvertiseData,
mAdvertiseCallback);!
Start advertising

On track - for runners

Shopping molls

Indoor navigation

Museums

Clinics

Hotel check-in & check-out

For disabled people

MILAN 20/21.11.2015
G+ KseniiaShumelchyk
Fb Kseniya.Shumelchyk
www www.dnipro.gdg.org.ua

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Kseniia Shumelchyk - Android iBeacon development

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