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Sustainability Renewable Energy                          Energy That Never Runs Out



                                     Solar Sun Flames
                                     Renewable Energy
                                                   by P. Anna Paddon
                                                      09-19-2012




Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy Solar
Overnewton School DATA & CHALLENGE
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf PDF ed_OACC_solardata 9 18 2012

 Solar Sun Flames Thermal Solar 1 P. Anna Paddon 09-16/17-2012 ppt.
 Solar Sun Flames Passive Solar 2 P. Anna Paddon 09-17/18-2012 ppt.
 Solar Sun Flames Photovoltaic Cells 3 P. Anna Paddon 09-18-2012 ppt.
 Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012
                                            Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy                                           Page 1
First Page : Renewable Energy
                       Energy That Never Runs Out
                                           As reserves of fossil fuels are used up, people will need to
                                           find energy from other sources.

                                           Renewable energy sources, like solar, hydroelectric, wind,
                                           and biomass, are already helping to provide power for our
                                           homes and workplaces.

                                           During 2003–2004 renewable energy made up five per cent of
                                           Australia’s total energy consumption.1

                                           As concern grows over the environmental impact of
                                           greenhouse gases caused by burning fossil fuels, it is likely
                                           that more power will need to be provided from renewable
                                           sources.

                                           Australian governments have called on power suppliers to find
                                           more power each year from renewable sources.




                                         Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy                                        Page 2
Second Page : Renewable Energy
                Energy That Never Runs Out
                                                                 • What Is Renewable Energy?
  1 Australia's Fourth National Communication
                                                    Renewable energy comes from sources that can
  on Climate Change 2005. The Department of         be renewed or will never run out2.
  Climate Change website has recently been          This includes energy from on-going natural
  updated and the page you are looking for no
  longer exists
                                                    phenomena such as wind, sunlight, tides,
                                                    gravity, and geothermal heat (e.g. hot springs
                                                    from deep underground).
                                                    Renewable energy also includes energy from
                                                    plants and animals. This source is called biomass
                                                    – which is the scientific name for all plants and
                                                    animals. Common examples of biomass energy
   2 The sun is estimated to be                     are burning firewood, growing crops to make
   more than four billion years                     liquid fuels and generating gas from sewerage.
   old and is expected to burn                         Renewable         Non renewable (fossil fuels)
   for at least another four
                                                     Solar (the sun)                Coal
   billion years.
                                                          Wind                       Oil
   Wind and weather are also a                       Hydro (water)               Natural gas
   naturally occurring ongoing                          Biomass
   phenomena.
                                                Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
                                                                                                Page 3
Third Page : Renewable Energy Solar
                  Energy That Never Runs Out
                         Solar Energy
                         The sun is the star of our solar system and is the original source of all
  Solar Energy Thermal   energy. The sun is estimated to be more than four billion years old and
 Energy Hot/Cold Water   is expected to burn for at least another four billion years.

                         Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are decayed plants and animals
                         that have been buried for millions of years. Those plants and animals
                         lived because of energy from the sun. Fossil fuels are a limited, non-
                         renewable resource because it takes millions of years to make them.

                         Everyday more energy from the sun reaches the Earth than we can use.
                         The sun is also a source of clean and abundant energy. People have
                         always used the sun as a source of energy - to warm themselves, grow
                         food and to dry things like clothes and food.

                         We can now also use the sun to provide energy for many things by
                         capturing its power.

                         Discover ways that people are capturing the power of the sun.

http://www.originenergy.com.au/2022/Solar
                                         Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy                               Page 4
Forth Page :  Renewable Energy Solar
    Capture The Energy That Never Runs Out
    Power Of The
    Sun                                   Capture The Power Of The Sun
                                                   There are many everyday ways that people use solar energy to
                                          power their lives.
                                          Sun shining through your window is helping to warm the room, your
                                          watch or calculator might be powered by a small solar cell, hot water in
                                          the bathroom might be solar heated and some electricity could come
                                          from solar power.
                                          Solar energy is used in three main ways.
                                          •     ··Passive solar uses the sun for light and heat. This includes :
                                          •     smart houses that use sunlight to warm rooms in winter
                                          •     drying clothes
                                          •     sun dried foods such as prunes, apricots and sultanas.
                                          •     ··Thermal solar collects the heat of the sun and transfers it for later
                                          use. Solar water heating is a good example. Water passed over solar
                                          collectors absorbs the heat from the sun and is stored for later use. Solar
                                          generators also use thermal energy. They are powered by warm air that
                                          rises in a chimney, turning a mill which then turns a generator.
                                          •     ··Photovoltaic cells (PV) are used to make electricity from sunlight.
                                          Photovoltaic cells use a chemical reaction to produce energy.

                                          Sunlight is essential to solar energy. Environmental factors such as the
                                          weather, time of year and location all influence the amount of sunlight
                                          available.
                                                  Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2025/Power-of-the-sun
                                                                                                     Page 5
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
Fifth Page :       Renewable Energy
Solar Energy At Home Energy That Never Runs Out

                                          Solar Energy
                                          Turning Sun Rays Into Electricity
                                          Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
                                          The sun is a source of energy that we can use
                                          forever.
                                          Sunlight can be used to make electricity using
                                          photovoltaic cells.
                                          When the sun shines on these cells they make
                                          electricity.
                                          Solar energy can be used in other ways to heat
                                          water, warm houses, dry clothes or dry foods such
                                          as grapes (turning them into sultanas).

                                          Photovoltaic cells (also known as solar cells) have
                                          been around for many years. Many small
                                          calculators are powered by small solar cells – so
                                          they don’t need batteries or to be plugged in.
                                          See more information on solar energy here.



                                            Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/Solar-energy-at-home                               Page 6
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
Sixth Page :       Renewable Energy
Solar Energy At Home Energy That Never Runs Out

                                  Solar Energy
                                  Turning Sun Rays Into Electricity
                                             • Solar energy at home
                                  It is now easy and simple to use solar energy at home. This
                                  involves putting solar panels (a set of solar cells in a frame
                                  covered by glass) on your roof.
                                  The solar energy works in with your normal electricity supply
                                  so you will always have the power you need.
                                  When the sun shines on the panels, power flows through your
                                  house just like mains electricity.
                                  Energy that you don’t use is fed into the electricity
                                  supply for others to use – in fact, the electricity
                                  company buys your surplus power.
                                  If there is not enough sunshine or your power need is greater
                                  than the solar panels can make, the extra power you need will
                                  come from the electricity supply.
                                  If you have enough solar panels, when the sun shines your
                                  home will be like a mini power station, pumping the power you
                                  don’t use into the electricity distribution grid.
                                  See more information on solar energy here.

                                            Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/Solar-energy-at-home                             Page 7
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
Seventh Page : Renewable Energy
               Energy That Never Runs Out
                                               • Energy buzz word
                                  If enough houses have solar panels generating surplus power, the
                                  energy put into the power grid could be equal to a large power
                                  station. Some people think this a better way to make electricity,
                                  rather than building new power plants. This is called distributed
                                  generation.
                                               • Solar pros and cons
                                  Australia is indeed a sunburnt country and that means we can
                                  collect a lot of solar energy. Sunshine is free, but the solar panels
                                  need to be purchased.

                                                                 Solar Pros                                Solar Cons

                                                                   For                                   Against
                                                              Sunshine Is Free

                                                                  Clean                        Cost of buying and installing
                                            (no greenhouse gas emissions after set-up)                 solar panels
                                                      Sunshine is Free. Renewable

                                                  Sunshine is Free. Easy to install and use


                                          Sunshine is Free. Lower household power bills


                                        Solar will become more attractive as the cost
                                           Powerpoint Templates                               Solar Panels must be Purchased
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
                                        of installation gets cheaper                                           Page 8
Eighth Page : Renewable Energy
               Energy That Never Runs Out
                                                ●
                                                    Weblink/ Fact Box
                                          Solar energy stations are big news.
                                          A very big solar energy plant is being built in North West
                                          Victoria. When working, the plant will produce enough energy to
                                          power the annual needs of 45,000 homes.
                                          The solar power station uses solar cells that were first designed
                                          for satellites. It will be one of the world's largest and most
                                          efficient solar photovoltaic power stations.
                                          The power will be available to consumers through the national
                                          electricity grid which includes Victoria, New South Wales,
                                          Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania.




   US Heliostat Field - The mirrors in the field reflect the sun back to a tower, which converts the solar rays
   into electricity. The energy captured by the tower is 500 times more than what falls on a normal solar
   panel. Note the difference in size between the person and the mirrors.

                                         Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy                                          Page 9
Ninth Page :                                   Renewable Energy
                                                  Energy That Never Runs Out
Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12 solar panels installed.

                                                                                Solar Energy Investigations
                                                       •        ··Investigation 1 (Basic level): Sunshine map
                                                       http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/renew_sunshine.pdf
                                                       http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/cgi_bin_scripts/sunshine-hrs.cgi


                                                       •  ··Investigation 2 (Advanced level): Overnewton Anglican
                                                       Community College solar data
                                                       http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf




                                                       Discover other renewable sources: Wind energy, Hydro,
                                                       Biomass




                                                                           VIC: Marie Hinde, (03) 9652 5743, marie.hinde@originenergy.com.au
                                                                           SA: Paul Hunter, (08) 8245 8220, paul.hunter@originenergy.com.au


                                                   Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf                                                                          Page 10
  http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
Tenth Page :                                   Renewable Energy
                                                 Energy That Never Runs Out
Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12 solar panels installed.
                                                                  VIC: Marie Hinde, (03) 9652 5743, marie.hinde@originenergy.com.au
                                                                  SA: Paul Hunter, (08) 8245 8220, paul.hunter@originenergy.com.au




   Renewable energy www.originenergy.com.au/education Overnewton Anglican Community College
   Imagine having an unlimited source of electricity in your schoolyard, one which reduces the greenhouse
   gas emissions produced and monthly bills. This is exactly what students and teachers at Overnewton
   Anglican Community College (OACC), Keilor (VIC) have after solar panels were recently installed by
   Origin. The panels are part of their plan to become a clean, green, innovative school. “The solar panels
   have been a great move for the school. Students are excited about being part of a genuine solution to
   environmental issues,” said Year 4 teacher, Michael Wilmot. The school has been collating data from the
   panels which tracks exactly how much energy the panels have collected. Students use this data to
   calculate the money and greenhouse gas emission savings. One of the most exciting discoveries for
   Michael has been how easy it is to collect solar energy. “You put panels up on the roof, and you have
   endless amounts of clean green electricity being produced,” he said. “The initial cost can be a little
   daunting but it does need to be emphasised that the whole unit will pay for itself, and will actually become
   a money maker. The educational benefits speak for themselves and the overall reaction of the entire
   school has been resoundingly positive.” Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12
   solar panels installed. http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf



                                                  Powerpoint Templates
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf                                                             Page 11
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
Sustainability Renewable Energy                           Energy That Never Runs Out



                                        Solar Sun Flames
                                        Renewable Energy
                                                       by P. Anna Paddon
                                                          09-19-2012
Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy Solar
Overnewton School DATA & CHALLENGE
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf PDF ed_OACC_solardata 9 18 2012
 Thank You
 Sustainability
 Solar - Renewable Energy
 Elect.
 P. Anna Paddon
 MLA-Cowichan/Crofton MAY 14 2013
 BC Provincial Election
 09-19-2012              Solar Sun Flames Thermal Solar 1 P. Anna Paddon 09-16/17-2012 ppt.
                         Solar Sun Flames Passive Solar 2 P. Anna Paddon 09-17/18-2012 ppt.
                                                 Powerpoint Templates
                                                     Solar Sun Flames Photovoltaic Cells 3   P. Anna Paddon 09-18-2012 ppt.
http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy                                                    Page 12
                                                       Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012

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Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012

  • 1. Sustainability Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy by P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012 Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy Solar Overnewton School DATA & CHALLENGE http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf PDF ed_OACC_solardata 9 18 2012 Solar Sun Flames Thermal Solar 1 P. Anna Paddon 09-16/17-2012 ppt. Solar Sun Flames Passive Solar 2 P. Anna Paddon 09-17/18-2012 ppt. Solar Sun Flames Photovoltaic Cells 3 P. Anna Paddon 09-18-2012 ppt. Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012 Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 1
  • 2. First Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out As reserves of fossil fuels are used up, people will need to find energy from other sources. Renewable energy sources, like solar, hydroelectric, wind, and biomass, are already helping to provide power for our homes and workplaces. During 2003–2004 renewable energy made up five per cent of Australia’s total energy consumption.1 As concern grows over the environmental impact of greenhouse gases caused by burning fossil fuels, it is likely that more power will need to be provided from renewable sources. Australian governments have called on power suppliers to find more power each year from renewable sources. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 2
  • 3. Second Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out • What Is Renewable Energy? 1 Australia's Fourth National Communication Renewable energy comes from sources that can on Climate Change 2005. The Department of be renewed or will never run out2. Climate Change website has recently been This includes energy from on-going natural updated and the page you are looking for no longer exists phenomena such as wind, sunlight, tides, gravity, and geothermal heat (e.g. hot springs from deep underground). Renewable energy also includes energy from plants and animals. This source is called biomass – which is the scientific name for all plants and animals. Common examples of biomass energy 2 The sun is estimated to be are burning firewood, growing crops to make more than four billion years liquid fuels and generating gas from sewerage. old and is expected to burn Renewable Non renewable (fossil fuels) for at least another four Solar (the sun) Coal billion years. Wind Oil Wind and weather are also a Hydro (water) Natural gas naturally occurring ongoing Biomass phenomena. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 3
  • 4. Third Page : Renewable Energy Solar Energy That Never Runs Out Solar Energy The sun is the star of our solar system and is the original source of all Solar Energy Thermal energy. The sun is estimated to be more than four billion years old and Energy Hot/Cold Water is expected to burn for at least another four billion years. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are decayed plants and animals that have been buried for millions of years. Those plants and animals lived because of energy from the sun. Fossil fuels are a limited, non- renewable resource because it takes millions of years to make them. Everyday more energy from the sun reaches the Earth than we can use. The sun is also a source of clean and abundant energy. People have always used the sun as a source of energy - to warm themselves, grow food and to dry things like clothes and food. We can now also use the sun to provide energy for many things by capturing its power. Discover ways that people are capturing the power of the sun. http://www.originenergy.com.au/2022/Solar Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 4
  • 5. Forth Page : Renewable Energy Solar Capture The Energy That Never Runs Out Power Of The Sun Capture The Power Of The Sun There are many everyday ways that people use solar energy to power their lives. Sun shining through your window is helping to warm the room, your watch or calculator might be powered by a small solar cell, hot water in the bathroom might be solar heated and some electricity could come from solar power. Solar energy is used in three main ways. • ··Passive solar uses the sun for light and heat. This includes : • smart houses that use sunlight to warm rooms in winter • drying clothes • sun dried foods such as prunes, apricots and sultanas. • ··Thermal solar collects the heat of the sun and transfers it for later use. Solar water heating is a good example. Water passed over solar collectors absorbs the heat from the sun and is stored for later use. Solar generators also use thermal energy. They are powered by warm air that rises in a chimney, turning a mill which then turns a generator. • ··Photovoltaic cells (PV) are used to make electricity from sunlight. Photovoltaic cells use a chemical reaction to produce energy. Sunlight is essential to solar energy. Environmental factors such as the weather, time of year and location all influence the amount of sunlight available. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2025/Power-of-the-sun Page 5 http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
  • 6. Fifth Page : Renewable Energy Solar Energy At Home Energy That Never Runs Out Solar Energy Turning Sun Rays Into Electricity Energy from the sun is called solar energy. The sun is a source of energy that we can use forever. Sunlight can be used to make electricity using photovoltaic cells. When the sun shines on these cells they make electricity. Solar energy can be used in other ways to heat water, warm houses, dry clothes or dry foods such as grapes (turning them into sultanas). Photovoltaic cells (also known as solar cells) have been around for many years. Many small calculators are powered by small solar cells – so they don’t need batteries or to be plugged in. See more information on solar energy here. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/Solar-energy-at-home Page 6 http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
  • 7. Sixth Page : Renewable Energy Solar Energy At Home Energy That Never Runs Out Solar Energy Turning Sun Rays Into Electricity • Solar energy at home It is now easy and simple to use solar energy at home. This involves putting solar panels (a set of solar cells in a frame covered by glass) on your roof. The solar energy works in with your normal electricity supply so you will always have the power you need. When the sun shines on the panels, power flows through your house just like mains electricity. Energy that you don’t use is fed into the electricity supply for others to use – in fact, the electricity company buys your surplus power. If there is not enough sunshine or your power need is greater than the solar panels can make, the extra power you need will come from the electricity supply. If you have enough solar panels, when the sun shines your home will be like a mini power station, pumping the power you don’t use into the electricity distribution grid. See more information on solar energy here. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/Solar-energy-at-home Page 7 http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
  • 8. Seventh Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out • Energy buzz word If enough houses have solar panels generating surplus power, the energy put into the power grid could be equal to a large power station. Some people think this a better way to make electricity, rather than building new power plants. This is called distributed generation. • Solar pros and cons Australia is indeed a sunburnt country and that means we can collect a lot of solar energy. Sunshine is free, but the solar panels need to be purchased. Solar Pros Solar Cons For Against Sunshine Is Free Clean Cost of buying and installing (no greenhouse gas emissions after set-up) solar panels Sunshine is Free. Renewable Sunshine is Free. Easy to install and use Sunshine is Free. Lower household power bills Solar will become more attractive as the cost Powerpoint Templates Solar Panels must be Purchased http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy of installation gets cheaper Page 8
  • 9. Eighth Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out ● Weblink/ Fact Box Solar energy stations are big news. A very big solar energy plant is being built in North West Victoria. When working, the plant will produce enough energy to power the annual needs of 45,000 homes. The solar power station uses solar cells that were first designed for satellites. It will be one of the world's largest and most efficient solar photovoltaic power stations. The power will be available to consumers through the national electricity grid which includes Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania. US Heliostat Field - The mirrors in the field reflect the sun back to a tower, which converts the solar rays into electricity. The energy captured by the tower is 500 times more than what falls on a normal solar panel. Note the difference in size between the person and the mirrors. Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 9
  • 10. Ninth Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12 solar panels installed. Solar Energy Investigations • ··Investigation 1 (Basic level): Sunshine map http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/renew_sunshine.pdf http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/cgi_bin_scripts/sunshine-hrs.cgi • ··Investigation 2 (Advanced level): Overnewton Anglican Community College solar data http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf Discover other renewable sources: Wind energy, Hydro, Biomass VIC: Marie Hinde, (03) 9652 5743, marie.hinde@originenergy.com.au SA: Paul Hunter, (08) 8245 8220, paul.hunter@originenergy.com.au Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf Page 10 http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
  • 11. Tenth Page : Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12 solar panels installed. VIC: Marie Hinde, (03) 9652 5743, marie.hinde@originenergy.com.au SA: Paul Hunter, (08) 8245 8220, paul.hunter@originenergy.com.au Renewable energy www.originenergy.com.au/education Overnewton Anglican Community College Imagine having an unlimited source of electricity in your schoolyard, one which reduces the greenhouse gas emissions produced and monthly bills. This is exactly what students and teachers at Overnewton Anglican Community College (OACC), Keilor (VIC) have after solar panels were recently installed by Origin. The panels are part of their plan to become a clean, green, innovative school. “The solar panels have been a great move for the school. Students are excited about being part of a genuine solution to environmental issues,” said Year 4 teacher, Michael Wilmot. The school has been collating data from the panels which tracks exactly how much energy the panels have collected. Students use this data to calculate the money and greenhouse gas emission savings. One of the most exciting discoveries for Michael has been how easy it is to collect solar energy. “You put panels up on the roof, and you have endless amounts of clean green electricity being produced,” he said. “The initial cost can be a little daunting but it does need to be emphasised that the whole unit will pay for itself, and will actually become a money maker. The educational benefits speak for themselves and the overall reaction of the entire school has been resoundingly positive.” Overnewton Anglican Community College currently have 12 solar panels installed. http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf Powerpoint Templates http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf Page 11 http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy
  • 12. Sustainability Renewable Energy Energy That Never Runs Out Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy by P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012 Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy Solar Overnewton School DATA & CHALLENGE http://www.originenergy.com.au/2040/files/ed_OACC_solardata.pdf PDF ed_OACC_solardata 9 18 2012 Thank You Sustainability Solar - Renewable Energy Elect. P. Anna Paddon MLA-Cowichan/Crofton MAY 14 2013 BC Provincial Election 09-19-2012 Solar Sun Flames Thermal Solar 1 P. Anna Paddon 09-16/17-2012 ppt. Solar Sun Flames Passive Solar 2 P. Anna Paddon 09-17/18-2012 ppt. Powerpoint Templates Solar Sun Flames Photovoltaic Cells 3 P. Anna Paddon 09-18-2012 ppt. http://www.originenergy.com.au/2024/Renewable-energy Page 12 Solar Sun Flames Renewable Energy P. Anna Paddon 09-19-2012