4. STIMULI
A stimulus is anything you
see,hear,touch,smell or taste.
Internal stimuli come from
inside our bodies, like the
feeling of thirst.
External stimuli come from
outside the body,like the
smell of a cake or the texture
of a jumper.
5. The body has different receptors
to receive different types of
stimuli.
INTERNAL RECEPTORS receive the
internal stimuli our bodies produce.
EXTERNAL RECEPTORS
receive external stimuli.
6. RESPONSES
A response is the body´s answer to
a stimulus.
MUSCULAR RESPONSES are the
movements our muscles make in
response to a stimulus.
GLANDULAR RESPONSES occur when
glands produce various substances in
response to a stimulus.
8. SIGHT: The eye is the organ of sight. It is
made up of the eyeball and protected by
the eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes.
9.
10.
11. First, light goes through the cornea.
Then light passes through the pupil,the opening of
the iris.
After that light passes through the lens which focuses
the imagine on the retina.
Finally the information in the retina travels to the
brain through the optic nerve.
12. SMELL
The nose is the organ of smell.The receptors of smell
are in the pituitary gland, inside the nostrils.
13.
14. HEARING
The ear is the organ of hearing.It has three parts:
. The outer ear includes the ear and ear canal.
. The middle ear includes the eardrum and the small
bones.
. The inner ear includes the cochlea and the auditory
nerve.
15.
16.
17. First ,the outer ear receives sounds.
Then the middle ear changes sounds into vibrations.
Finally the inner ear changes vibrations into nerve
impulses that go to the brain.
18.
19. TOUCH
The skin is the organ of touch.It is made up of three
layers.
Hypodermis,dermis and epidermis.
20.
21. TASTE
The tongue is the organ of taste.
The receptors of taste are in the taste buds.
There are taste buds all around the tongue.
22.
23.
24. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is made up of nerve centres and
nerves.
Nerve centres interpret the information and develop
responses, forming the central nervous system.
Nerves transmit information,forming the peripheral
nervous system.
25. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
HAS TWO PARTS:
The brain is inside the skull.It is
made up of cerebrum,the cerebellum
and the brain stem.
The spinal cord is made up of many
neorons. It is protected by vertebrae.
27. NEURONS
Both the central and
peripheral nervous systems
are made up of specialised
cells called NEURONS.
They are made up of a cell
body, dendrites and axons.
30. INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
The spinal cord produces a response
Sensory nerves transmit information
about involuntary movements to the
spinal cord.
The spinal cord produces a very fast
response and transmits it to the
muscles through the motor nerves.
34. HEAD BONES
There are two groups,SKULL BONES and FACIAL
BONES. The skull bones protect the brain.
35. TRUNK BONES
There are two groups,the spine and the rib cage.The
spine protects the spinal cord and the rib cage
protects the heart and the lungs.
36. LIMB BONESupper limb bones are in the
lower limbs bones. The
There are two groups ,the upper limb bones and the
arms and the lower limb bones are in the legs.
37. JOINTS
The joints are located where two or more bones
meet.Bones are connected by resistant fibres called
ligaments.
41. THE MUSCULATURE
The musculature is the set of muscles in the body.
Locomotor muscles are connected to the bones.
When they contract or relax, they move the bones.
50. LIMB MUSCLES
We use the biceps to bend the arm,the
triceps to lower it and the deltoid to
raise it.
We use the quadriceps to extend the
leg,the gluteus to move it, and the calf
muscles to extend the feet.
51. TENDONS
Tendons are made of flexible and fibrous tissue. They
connect muscles to bones.
They cannot contract or relax like muscles.
