Originally presented at TC World conference, Stuttgart, Germany, November 2014. We have already seen a shift in professional training from instructor-led classroom sessions to webinars. Now, as we move off the desktop and onto mobile devices - always connected everywhere - we are about to experience a huge shift towards mLearning. Are we looking at shifting User Assistance out of the application and onto mobile devices? Will everything go mobile? This presentation takes you through modern learning theories, their integration into eLearning, and especially mLearning, and how mLearning fits into the future of User Assistance as a learning experience.

1. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
GallonThe
Transformation
Society
@TransformSoc
@RayGallon
eLearning mlearning and
user assistance
Learning
from
learning
Ray
Gallon
Member, Board of
Directors

2. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
http://images.wikia.com/thehungergames/images/
4/43/Classroom.jpg
“Learning should be an active process...
...Too often students
come to school to watch
their teachers work”
-Will Daggett

3. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Henry Jenkins and
21st Century Skills
We are still
“...training autonomous problem solvers, whereas... [learners in
the workplace] are increasingly being asked to work in teams,
drawing on different sets of expertise, and collaborating to solve
problems.”
-Henry Jenkins, Annenberg School of Communications (USC)

4. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Henry Jenkins and
21st Century Skills
Play:
Experiment
with
surroundings
as
problem
solving
Simulate:
Interpret
and
construct
dynamic
models
of
the
real
world
Perform:
Change
identity,
improvise,
discover

5. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Henry Jenkins and
21st Century Skills
Appropriate:
Remix
content
Multi-­‐task:
Monitor
the
environment
and
shift
focus
ad-­‐hoc
Develop
Collective
Intelligence:
Pool
knowledge
and
work
on
a
common
goal

6. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Attributes of Participatory Culture
(Henry Jenkins)
Affiliations:
Memberships,
formal
and
informal,
in
online
communities
centred
around
various
forms
of
media
Expressions:
Creating
new
creative
forms,
such
as
digital
sampling,
mash-­‐ups...
Collaborations:
Problem-­‐solving
and
working
together
in
teams
to
complete
tasks
and
develop
new
knowledge
Circulations:
Shaping
the
flow
of
media,
such
as
podcasting,
micro-­‐/blogging
Source: Confronting The Challenges Of Participatory Culture, by Henry Jenkins, MIT Press, 2009

7. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Emergent Learning
Generally
takes
advantage
of
emergent
technologies
Based
on
social
interaction
for
the
co-­‐construction
of
knowledge
and
meaning
(Camacho,
2013)
Learners
are
encouraged
to
take
control
of
their
learning...
collaborate
with
peers
to
produce
content,
and
to
use
mobile
tools
for
investigation
and
exploration
(Loke,
et
al,
2010)
Instructors
as
facilitators
design
the
learning
environment
and
structure
learning
processes
(Jonassen,
1991)
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/marcamacho/enhancing-participatory-culture-how-to-design-international-collaboration-through-mobile-and-social-media

8. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
eLearning

9. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Examples:
Webquest
Flipped
Classroom
Simulation:
software
simulation
of
complex
or
dangerous
machinery
Problem-­‐based:
articulate
a
real-­‐life
problem
and
solve
it
collectively
Learning should be Emotional
All
these
methods
require
collaboration!
Engagement
is
key
to
retention
http://www.thekennedycenterinc.org/what-we-do/programs-services/children-and-family-
services/school-transition-partners-program.html

10. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
What Is eLearning?
Learning
conducted
via
electronic
media,
typically
on
the
Internet
–Oxford
English
Dictionary

11. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
eLearning Is Not eKnowledge
“We
can
deceive
ourselves
into
thinking
we
have
a
sound
instructional
program
when
what
we
really
have
is
just
a
lot
of
content…”
“…Ask
yourself
if
the
learner
must
remember
or
practice
the
content.
If
not,
if
it’s
just
content
that
has
to
be
referenced”
–eKnowledge
Source:
Dr.
Marc
Rosenberg,
president,
International
Society
for
Performance
Improvement
(ISPI)
http://www.learningsolutionsmag.com/articles/1102/marc-­‐my-­‐words-­‐elearning-­‐vs-­‐eknowledge

12. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
eKnowledge
Information I can look up

13. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
eLearning Redefined
Instruction-focused learning, presenting content that
the learner must remember or practice, conducted via
electronic media, typically on the Internet

14. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
eLearningTechniques
Examples:
Webquest
Flipped
Classroom
Simulation:
software
simulation
of
complex
or
dangerous
machinery
Problem-­‐based:
articulate
a
real-­‐life
problem
and
solve
it
collectively

15. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Webquest - A QuestionThrough the Web
(Bernie Dodge, San Diego State University)
A webquest provides
guided research
Structure:Always the
same sections
Free online tool:
http://questgarden.com/index.php

16. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Flipped Classroom
Primarily
useful
for
structured
informational
learning
Puts
the
lecture
“at
home”
and
the
“homework”
in
the
collaborative
environment
(“classroom”)
Not
specific
to
eLearning,
but
eLearning
enhances
the
value
http://schoolpress.cdn.whipplehill.net/whipplehill408/1/files/2012/01/flipped2.jpg

17. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Flipped Classroom
Learners
watch
self-­‐paced
media,
“lectures,”
in
their
own
time
Instructor
is
available
during
“class
time”
when
learners
need
coaching
-­‐
while
working
on
exercises
or
projects
Collaborative
environment
continues
beyond
the
course
time,
to
provide
motivated
solution
to
real-­‐world
problems
In
this
scenario,
real
application
of
learning
is
more
likely
to
happen http://schoolpress.cdn.whipplehill.net/whipplehill408/1/files/2012/01/flipped2.jpg

18. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Simulation & Problem Based Learning
http://forgefx.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/aircraft-deicing-training-simulator1.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRfI35KSu_s/T7508SjWDhI/AAAAAAAAAc8/Ro_5ZxGg1bU/s1600/pbl.gif

19. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
mLearning
http://www.learningreview.com/mobile-social-learning/3412-m-learning-en-accion

20. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
What is mLearning?
The
exploitation
of
ubiquitous
handheld
hardware,
wireless
networking
and
mobile
telephony
to
facilitate,
support,
enhance,
and
extend
the
reach
of
teaching
and
learning.
Mobile
learning
can
take
place
in
any
location,
at
any
time,
including
traditional
learning
environments
such
as
classrooms,
as
well
as
in
workplaces,
at
home,
in
community
locations,
and
in
transit.
SOURCE: http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/41364593/MoLeNET%20website%20-%20Copy/www.molenet.org.uk/about/index.html

21. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
How is mLearning
different from eLearning?
More
personal
Deterritorialized
(ubiquitous)
More
accessible
More
fun
(?)
More
interactive
Spontaneous
Shorter
duration
For
instant
use
Social:
engaging
users
to
contribute
and
share
Gestural
(swipe,
pinch,
tap)
-­‐
thus
more
sensorial,
body
involvement
http://blog.soundidea.co.za/home/22/files/Success/mlearning2.jpg

22. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Not
just
the
miniaturization
and
convenience
of
portable
computing
Transforming
how
we
conceptualize
and
interact
with
computing
and
our
environment
Transforming
how
we
communicate,
create,
and
manipulate
information
(Cheney,
2010;
Pachler,
Bachmair,
&
Cook,
2010)
SOURCE: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf
mLEARNING

23. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
SOURCE: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf
Ubiquitous
social
connectivity
Instant
information
access
Enhanced
view
of
the
world
through
digital
augmentation.
(Cook,
2010)
Empowering
for
learners:
Can
become
content
and
context
generators
in
authentic
learning
environments
Not
simple
consumers
of
transmitted
content.
(Herrington
&
Herrington,
2006-­‐2007)
mLEARNING

24. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Both eLearning and mLearning...
Engage
the
learner
to
become:
Content
creator
Author
of
his/her
own
learning
experience
Are
social
Demand
collaboration
Lead
to
the
discovery
of
creative
collective
solutions
Can
lead
to
the
development
of
ongoing
learning
networks
Anchor
learning
through
real-­‐world
application

25. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
So what about
User Assistance?

26. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
http://stc.intercom.org
February 20136
From John Carroll, the Father of Minimalism
“User” is passive, to me —
you’ve been handed something, use it — whereas I think what people
are doing is much more actively a matter of ownership and
appropriation and coming to control a new tool in a new
environment...
“learners” focuses on the human development and appropriating new
knowledge and skill, which I think is really more the essence of what’s
going on.
from an interview with Nicky Bleiel, in STC’s “Intercom” magaine, February 2013

27. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Henry Jenkins’ Participatory Culture is Not Just for Schools:
It’s for Life
Today’s
Life
is
with
Technical
Products:
Affiliations:
Memberships,
formal
and
informal,
in
online
communities
centred
around
various
products
(user
groups)
Expressions:
Generating
new
shortcuts,
product
ideas,
improvements...
Collaborations:
Problem-­‐solving
and
working
together
in
teams
to
complete
tasks
and
develop
new
knowledge
Circulations:
Shaping
the
flow
of
media,
such
as
podcasting,
micro-­‐/
blogging,
as
invested
stakeholders
Adapted from Jenkins, MIT Press, 2009

28. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Fast-Paced World
We
jump
from
task
to
task
We
grab
information
in
small
bits
as
we
need
it
We
might
be
anywhere
when
we
need
it
When
we
need
it,
we
need
it
NOW!
The
mobile
solution
is
often
the
best
adapted
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/02/27/article-2107158-02EF5AE80000044D-851_468x359.jpg
http://wp.appadvice.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/multitasking.jpg

29. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/cactus-cell-tower.jpg
Ubiquitous Social Connectivity
Our
challenge
–
be
present
where
the
users
are:
Social
networks
Top
of
their
Google
searches
Anywhere
that
they
seek
to
learn
about
our
products.

30. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
http://assets.dornob.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/flashlight-map-concept.jpg
Ubiquitous Social Connectivity
Our
UA
needs
to
be:
Findable
(eliminates
most
PDF’s)
Current
Mobile-­‐friendly
–
easy
to
read
on
a
small
screen
(no
longer
nice-­‐to-­‐have)

31. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Information in Bits – Missing Pieces
Knowledge
Autonomy
Neus
Lorenzo,
The
Transformation
Society

32. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Black Holes in Our Knowledge
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/BH_LMC.png http://wallse.net/search/t/e3/b3b.jpg
Image
by
Mark
Van
Norden
http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8342/8275081235_35eb0091a9_z.jpg

33. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Level
3
-­‐
interactive,
contextual
UA Structures for Filling the Gaps
Level
1
-­‐
internal,
contextual
Level
2
-­‐
external,
contextual

34. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Is this eKnowledge or eLearning?
Does
the
user/learner
need
to
remember
or
practice
the
content?
Can
s/he
simply
look
it
up
(Google
it)?

35. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Mooc’s (for eLearning)
Social networking
Formal structure
Multimedia
Massive Open Online Course
Social
learning:
Mutual
exchange
of
knowledge
&
expertise
Instructor
is
a
moderator
and
guide
Limited
in
time
Self
organizing
–
users
fill
their
own
particular
gaps

36. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Mobile Docs (for eKnowledge)
Mobile Controls

37. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Curators, Not Gate Keepers
h"p://cdn.mactrast.com/wp-­‐content/uploads/2011/09/Rotary-­‐iPhone.png
X

38. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
Knowledge
Autonomy
Neus
Lorenzo,
The
Transformation
Society
The Curator as Story-Teller

39. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon@TransformSocThe
Transformation
Society
@RayGallon
I’m Ray Gallon -The Humanist Nerd
20
years
in
technical
communication
with
major
companies
such
as
G.E.
Healthcare,
IBM,
etc.
Member,
board
of
directors,
Society
for
Technical
Communication
(STC)
Past
president,
STC
France
Award-­‐winning
radio
producer
and
journalist
–
CBC,
NPR,
France
Culture,
etc.
and
former
programme
manager,
WNYC-­‐FM,
New
York
Public
Radio
Research
collaborator
and
principal,
The
Transformation
Society,
a
new
research
and
training
institute
in
Barcelona,
Spain
Owner/Consultant,
Culturecom
–
specialist
in
business
process
improvement
through
communication

40. Presentation
©
2014
Ray
Gallon
@RayGallon
Thank
Email:
ray@transformationsociety.net
Google
Plus:
+Ray
Gallon
Twitter:
@RayGallon
LinkedIn:
Ray
Gallon
RAY
GALLON
C U L T U R E C O M
@TransformSoc
Pass
me
your
business
card:
Let’s
talk!
Portions of this presentation based on research by the
Transformation Society Research group.
Member, Board of Directors
Watch for digital learning blog on Adobe TechComm Central
Webinar: Digital Learning – Individual Adaptive Construction
or Connected Social Interaction? December 4 2014
Details and links at www.transformationsociety.net