THE ROLE OF
TECHNOLOGY IN POLITICAL
CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS.
WRITTEN BY DESTINY

Published in Nigeria in 2021 by destiny.
No 26 comfort oboh estate kirikiri Lagos state Nigeria.
Email…... ogbuudestiny51@gmail.com
Copyright@ Destiny
All rights reserved, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, with permission in writing from
the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.

SYNOPSIS:
This book centered on the role of technology in political campaigns and elections. Over the years,
technology has significantly transformed political campaigns and elections. Political candidates and
parties are increasingly using digital tools to reach voters and engage with them in new ways. This book
will open our eyes to see ways technology has helped and still helping in politics up to date.

DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to all the honest politicians in the whole world whose concern and
worries is to better the life of the poor masses and make their tomorrow a better one.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter One…... Technology
Chapter Two…. Politics
Chapter Three……Campaigns & Elections
Chapter Four……. Roles of Technology in campaigns & Elections
Chapter Five……. Technology in world political campaigns & Elections

Introduction…
Human as a being are tool users or inherently technology beings. Technology is needed in all
aspect of human nature. Millions of people all over the world have used technology in a
position way while some individuals have used it in a negative way but is up to us to limit the
bad and find ways to improve for a better tomorrow. Humans can be seen as a deficient being
who use technology to complement, enhance or disburden ourselves. Technology has become
without a doubt a central part of the human condition.
Most people don’t really know the importance of technology and frankly they don’t care about
it while most individuals cannot survive without the technology. Most people see technology
as the difference between silence and laughter, loneliness and interaction and even life and
death. This book will discuss the roles of technology in political campaigns and elections. So,
calm down, chill and breath out let me take you on a journey of technology in political
campaigns and elections with its real-life examples.

Chapter One
Technology
The world technology refers to the tools, techniques and process used to create, develop and
improve products, services and systems. It can also be seen as the application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes more especially in industry.
It is also sometimes phrased to the change and manipulation of the human environment. It
came from a Greek word transliterated “techne and logos”.
Creation of writing systems
Techne simply means art, skill, craft or the way, manner or means by which a thing is gained.
Logos on the other hand means word, the utterance by which inward thoughts is expressed, a
saying or an expression.

Invention of the wheel
Millions of people don’t really know the history of technology, but we all use them. The history
can be traced back to the beginning of human civilization, with the inventions of basic tools
such as the wheel and fire. Since the invention of technology, one issue that have always
present itself is the fact that different societies develop technology at different times.

The invention of internet
Human being has a whole lot of histories, and it is practically impossible to study all human
history. So, it was after the settlement of humans in agricultural societies, technology
innovation skyrocket and this continues to this day. One remarkable input of technology is
metallurgy, that is working and shaping of metals.

Discovery of electricity
This was an immense technological advancement in history and this metal tools were superior
to their store counterparts. Technology advancement continues, the industrial revolution
marked a significant turning point in technology history, as new inventions such as the steam
engine and textile machinery revolutionized transportation and manufacturing. The 20 century
saw further rapid technological advancements including the developments of nuclear power,
the computer and the smartphones. Today, technology continues to advance and impact
various aspects of our lives. From communication and commerce to entertainment, politics and
healthcare.

Chapter Two
POLITICS
It refers to the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the
debate between parties having power. It involves making decisions that apply to members of a
group and how power and resources are managed and distributed within that group.
Politics can take the form of government, as well as non-government organizations and
institutions. It involves both the process of making laws and policies and the administration of
these laws and policies.
It often involves negotiations, compromise and conflicting interest between different
individuals and groups including political parties, interest groups and individual citizens. It also
involves making agreement between people so that they can live together in groups such as
tribes, cities or countries. But the question is what is the history of politics? We all are curious
to know the history of politics, lets digest a little and continue. The history of political thought
can be traced back to the early antiquity and seminal works such as Plato and Aristotle.
Plato Aristotle
Plato’s ideal of a stable republic still yields insights and metaphors while Aristotle introduced
empirical observation into the study of politics. The encompasses, the study of political system,
governance and political behavior throughout human history. from ancient civilization such as
Mesopotamia and China to modern day democracy and dictatorships, the political landscape
has constantly evolved.

Major political events and movements such as the French revolution, the rise of democracy and
communism and the formation of the United Nations have shaped the modern world. The field
of political science and international relations continue to study and analyze political events
and trends.
You might ask, how did politics start? It started when the political factions or you can say
political parties began to form during the struggles over ratification of the federal constitution
of 1787. The struggles became worst which cause friction between them, and the attention
shifted from the creation of a new federal government to the question of how powerful that
federal government would be.
The struggle was between the federalists who wanted a strong central government and the
anti-federalists who wanted a centralized power. Politics continues to this day and have remain
part of human nature to always acquire power.

Chapter Three
CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS
A political campaign is a coordinated effort by a candidate or political party to win an election,
while election is a formal process in which citizens participate to select a representative or a
leader to hold public office. Elections are held at regular intervals which could be every four
years and the process involves setting the rules, registering votes and managing the polling
process.

The picture above shows a polling unit in Nigeria where voters line up to cast their votes and
chose the person they want as a leader. To prepare for an election, they are activities that must
be done or set in place before the day of the elections and this activity includes…...
{1}.… Announcement – The candidate must make an announcement of his or her intentions to
run for office and then launches their campaigns.
{2} ….. Fundraising---He or she raises funds to support their campaign which is used for
adverting, staff salaries and any other campaign expense.
{3}….Vote outreach---The candidate and their team reach out to potential voters to build
support and gain votes. This is usually door-door to canvassing, phone banking or advertising.
{4}….Debates and events--- Candidates participate in debates and other events to get their
message across and persuade voters to vote for them.
{5}…. Election Day—This is the day of the election where citizens go to their polls to cast their
votes.
{6}….Counting Votes—This involves the election officials to count the votes and announce the
results.
{7}…. Concession or victory speech---This is where the candidate who lost gives a concession or
victory speech or a victory speech if they win.

These steps vary in different countries and jurisdictions, but the overarching goal remains the
same that is to win the election by getting the most votes.

Chapter Four
ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY IN CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS.
Technology have played a significant role in modern political campaigns and elections. So, in
this chapter, we are going to look at ways technology have been useful to campaigns and
elections.
A…Social media----Candidate use social media platforms such as Facebook, twitter and
Instagram to reach voters and engage with them directly. They can also use social, media
adverting to target specific demographics.
B…..Email Marketing---- Candidate use email marketing to reach out to potential supporters
and keep them informed about their campaigns.

C….Date analysis--- Candidate use date analysis to target specific vote demographics and
optimize their campaigns strategies.
D….Vote targeting----Campaigns use data mining and modeling to identify likely voters and
target them with tailored messages and advertising.

E…..Online organizing---campaigns use online advertising to reach voters through search
engines and social media platforms.

F….Digital organizing--- campaigns use technology to connect with volunteers and supporters,
co- ordinate events and mobilize votes through digital platforms.
G…..Virtual events --- campaigns have turned to vertical events as a way to reach voters during
the pandemic using platforms such as zoom, YouTube, Facebook live and others.
H….Campaigns website---campaigns websites serve as an online hub for information on a
political campaigns. It often includes a candidate platform, a blog, a newsroom and a way to
make decisions.

I……Mobile Apps----political campaigns create mobile apps to connect with voters and provide
them with up-to-date information. These apps can also provide tools to encourage voters
registration and turnout.

Overall, technology have made it easier for candidates to reach voters, raise money and gather
data to inform their campaigns strategies.

Chapter Five
Technology in world political campaigns & election.
Technology has been a helpful tool in the hands of politicians. Most of them use it in a positive
way while most of them have used it as a harmful tool against each other. In this chapter, we
will ne discussing real world events where technology has been used to win elections. Let’s
start with the electronic voting machines {EVM} in India’s national and state elections.
Political campaigns & elections

Electronic voting machines {EVM} have increase efficiency and transparency in the voting
process as they eliminate the need for manual counting of paper ballots. However, there have
been concerns about the security and reliability of EVMs, leading to a mixture of EVM and
paper based voting systems in recent elections.
In the US, technology plays a significant role in campaigns through data analysis, social media
advertising and fundraising platforms.

Political campaigns use data to target specific demographics and personalize their messages,
while social media and fundraising platforms offer new ways to engage and mobilize voters.
Another example is the use of online voting systems, such as Estonia which has been using
internet voting for over a decade for national elections. This has increased accessibility for
citizens, particularly for those who are unable to physically attend polling stations. Generally
speaking, technology has been a catalyst for change in the way elections are conducted and
managed. It has also been used to monitor elections for irregularities and to ensure the
integrity of the voting process. Lets take for example, election observers may use mobile
devices to collect data on voting procedures and this information’s can be used to detect any
potential problems and address them quickly.
In conclusion, technology has the potential to transform the electoral process and make it
more efficient, transparent and accessible. However, it is important to ensure that technology
is used in a secure and transparent manner to protect the integrity of the electoral process.