Studies on livestock and fodder development programmes in India

1. WEL COME

2. Studies on livestock and
fodder development
programmes in India

3. FLOW OF SEMINAR
Introduction
Need for development programmes
Different livestock and fodder
development programmes
Research studies
Conclusion
What i will
learn
today?

4. Introduction

5. Share of Livestock Sector in GDP
(At current prices in Rs. Crore)
YEAR Rs % Share
2004-05 119333 4.02
2005-06 127518 3.76
2006-07 142695 3.61
2007-08 169296 3.69
2008-09 200440 3.78
2009-10 237059 3.88
2010-11 276105 3.80
2011-12 327838 3.92
2012-13 386246 4.11
Source : National Accounts Statistics-2014;Central Statistical Organisation; GoI

6. Projected livestock population
estimates (million adult cattle units)
Year Cattle Buffalo
1995 180.5 82.8
2000 187.1 87.7
2005 192.2 92.6
2010 197.3 97.5
2015 201.3 102.4
2020 207.4 107.3
2025 212.5 112.2
Source : Based on X Five Year Plan Document, Government of India.

7. • 95 lakh of cattle and 35 lakh buffaloes
• Produces 45 lakh MT of milk
• The state ranks 10th in milk production
• 38 rural households have livestock
• The annual growth is 5 per cent and
livestock sector contributes 2.96 per cent to
State GDP
Source- 2012 Livestock Census

8. History of industrial-scale production of
animal feeds
• It was started in 19th century .
• Corn gluten feed was first manufactured in 1882
• Leading world feed producer Purina Feeds was established in
1894 by William Hollington Danforth
• The feed industry expanded rapidly in the first quarter of the
20th century, with Purina expanding its operations into Canada,
and opened its first feed mill in 1927

9. • 8.47 m ha of land under cultivated fodder
• 25-30% of quality fodder seeds availability
• Maize, sorghum, bajra, oats, berseem, lucerne, cowpea and guar
• Out of the total 326.82 mha geographical area only 4 per cent area
under pastures thereby leading to severe shortage of fodder to the tune
of 36% green fodder, 40% dry fodder and 57% of concentrates

10. State-wise area under fodder crops and permanent
pastures and other grazing lands (provisional)
• STATEWISE.pdf

11. The Planning Commission’s Working Group on Animal Husbandry and
Dairying looking into the demand and supply of fodder resources in India
arrived at the following estimated fodder status
Demand and Supply
Status of Fodder
Resources in India
(in Million Ton)
Supply Demand Shortfall
Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry
2000 384.5 428 988 549 604 121
2005 389.9 443 1025 569 635 126
2010 395.2 451 1061 589 666 138
2015 400.6 466 1097 609 696 143
2020 405.9 473 1134 630 728 157
[Source: Draft Report of the WG on Animal Husbandry and Dairying for 5-year Plan
(2002-2007). Planning Commission of India. August 2001.]

12. Projected availability, requirements and deficit of CP and TDN
(million tonnes) including CP and TDN from concentrates
Year Requirement Availability Deficit (%)
CP TDN CP TDN CP TDN
2000 44.49 321.29 30.81 242.42 30.75 24.55
2005 46.12 333.11 32.62 253.63 29.27 23.86
2010 47,76 344.93 34.18 262.02 28.44 24.04
2015 49.39 356.73 35.98 273.24 27.15 23.41
2020 51.04 368.61 37.50 281.23 26.52 23.70
2025 52.68 380.49 39.31 292.45 25.38 23.14

13. Strategies to increase fodder production and
availability-
• India’s fodder crops annual yield of 40 tonnes/ hectare, which
is low. So use quality seeds of high yielding varieties/hybrids
of fodder crops
• Harvest fodder at the appropriate stage
• Adopt modern practices for hay and silage making to
ensure supply of fodder during scarcity and avoid wastage of
surplus green fodder
• Use chaff-cutter to minimise
• Enhance fodder production from available land and increase
availability of fodder by minimising wastage

14. Livestock and fodder programmes
1]Fodder Minikits under Integrated Fodder Development Programme
2]Subsidy for Hand operated Chaffcutter under Integrated Fodder
Development Programme
3] Cattle Shed subsidy scheme under Integrated Fodder
Development Programme
4]Fodder Minikits under Tribal Area Sub Plan(TASP) Scheme
5]Subsidy for Hand operated Chaffcutter under Tribal Area Sub Plan
(TASP) Programme
6]Fodder Minikits under Health Package Programme
7]Subsidy for Hand operated Chaffcutter under Schedule Caste Sub
Plan(SCSP)

15. • Implemented – 2002- 2005
• Objective- Popularize the latest improved fodder varieties
amongst the farmers
• African tall Maize, Lucerne, Bersem, Sorghum, Oats,
M. P. Chari, Red Chari, Sudan Chari, Chinese Cabbage &
Congosignal.
1] Central Minikit Testing Programme on Fodder
Crops

16. The number fodder seed minikits allotted, since the
onset of Xth Plan is as under:-
Year Target of minikit
allotment (no. in lakhs)
No. of minikits
allotted (in lakhs)
2002-03 4.00 4.00
2003-04 4.00 4.74
2004-05 4.00 4.90

17. The Scheme ‘Integrated Dairy Development Project (IDDP) in
Non-Operation Flood, Hilly and Backward Areas’ was
launched in 1993-94 on 100% grant-in-aid basis.
2] Integrated dairy development programme
(1993-94)

18. • Modified in 2005
• Benefited about 24.17 lakh farmers in 32095 villages in
various states by procuring over 30.14 lakh litres of milk per
day and milk marketing is about 23.34 lakh litres per day.
• A total sum of Rs.535.47 crore has been released to the
concerned state governments and milk unions/milk federations
for implementation of projects upto 31.03.2013.
Intensive Dairy Development Programme’
(IDDP)

19. Sl.
No
Scheme Year Implementing
agency
Amount
sanctioned
1 Grassland development
including grass reserves
(100% GOI share)
2005-06 Karnataka Milk
Federation Bangalore
BIRDS Belgaum
100:0
2 Fodder seed production
& distribution programme
2006-07 Karnataka Milk
Federation Bangalore
75:25
3] Enrichment of straws & cellulosic waste scheme:
(100% GOI)

20. • Launched in 2014-15
• Quantitative and qualitative improvement in livestock
production systems and capacity building of all stakeholders.
• Reduce the demand –supply gap
4. National Livestock Mission
NLM has 4 submissions as follows:
1] The Sub-Mission on Fodder and Feed Development
2] Under Sub-Mission on Livestock Development
3] Sub-Mission on Pig Development in North-Eastern Region
4] Sub-Mission on Skill Development, Technology Transfer and
Extension

21. SUB-MISSION ON FODDER AND FEED DEVELOPMENT
UNDER NATIONAL LIVESTOCK MISSION
 Distribution of hand driven chaffcutters
 Distribution of power driven chaffcutters
 Establishment of Silage making units/Azolla
cultivation
 Fodder seed production, procurement and distribution

22. Demonstration on azolla cultivation
• In order to reduce the
concentrate feed cost, several
research trials have been
conducted by scholars of VC
and RI with azolla to find an
alternate supplement source of
cattle feed.
• Since azolla is considered as
the most economic and
efficient feed substitute and a
sustainable feed for dairy
cattle, the VC and RI
organised the training
programme on azolla
cultivation.

23. • Central Sector Scheme for a period of 2011-12 to 2018-19
Objectives
• To help increase productivity of milch animals
• To help provide rural milk producers with greater access to
the organised milk-processing sector.
Fodder Development-
Extension initiatives/interventions for fodder
development, including support for improved fodder seed
production, fodder production on contract, demonstrations for
silage making, and reducing wastage of dry fodder through
enrichment & densification
5] National Dairy Plan

24. Year Area covered Outlay
2011-12 12 states Rs. 300 crores
2012-13 8 states Rs. 200 crores
2012-13 7 states Rs. 200 crores
Outcome of the programme
The proposed programme is expected to enhance the availability of green
and dry fodder.
The interventions in post-harvest technology would not only add to the
availability of fodder during lean period, but also protect the environment
from pollution due to burning of these crop residues.
Would also help in contingency planning to mitigate the shortage of
fodder caused by the natural calamities like droughts and floods

25. • Implemented in -2010
• Objective- Production of fodder through promotion of
integrated technologies and processes for enhancing the
availability of fodder throughout the year.
Strategies of this programme
1]Production of Quality Seeds: Strengthening SAU’s
2]Production of Fodder
3]Adoption of appropriate technologies for Post Harvest
Management
6] ACCELERATED FODDER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (AFDP)

26. • Year of Commencement – 1987 ( modified in 2005 & 2010)
Objectives
• Demonstration of Azolla cultivation and production units
• Introduction of hand driven chaff-cutter
• Introduction of power driven chaff-cutter
• Establishment of silage making Units
7] Centrally Sponsored Fodder and Feed
Development Scheme

27. • Implemented in -October 7, 2014
• Procurement of vaccine
• Inspection of cold chain in transit and during storage
• Ensure timely supply of vaccines to the respective
states as per demand
8] FMD-CP: Foot and Mouth Disease Control
Programme

28. FMD Control in India-Present Status
Two Programs presently operational in the country
1.FMD CP – 100% Govt of India funded
2.ASCAD (Assistance to State for control of Animal
Diseases)Programme of GOI & State Govts implemented in
Non FMD states.
- About 80-85 million animals covered
- Some funds from RKVY also used by states
Lack of uniformity in implementation and poor coverage

29. Objective-
Protection mechanism to the farmers against any eventual loss
of their animals due to death
Claim Procedure
In the event of death of an animal, immediate intimation should
be sent to the insurers and the require steps should be follow.
9] Livestock Insurance Scheme

30. Progress of National Insurance Scheme-
• progressreport.pdf

31. • RKVY.docx
Under this scheme
• Milking Machines- 50% subsidy basis
• Chaff Cutters: 33% subsidy basis
• Supply of calf feed: female calves of 3 to 4 months age
borne out of Artificial Insemination will be enrolled and
260 Kg of calf feed will be supplied for a period of 12
months along with health care
• Feed & Fodder Development
10] Under RKVY

32. Status of Release during 2016-17
Name of State Amount (Rs. in Crore) and Release
Date
Data as on 24 August 2016
Andhra Pradesh Rs.111.89(19.08.2016)
Chhattisgarh Rs.90.06(23.05.2016)
Jammu & Kashmir Rs.16.16(19.08.2016)
Karnataka Rs.202.93(28.07.2016)
Madhya Pradesh Rs.155.13(23.05.2016)
Maharahstra Rs.200.24(24.05.2016)
Manipur Rs.11.86(15.07.2016)
Nagaland Rs.14.86(19.08.2016)
Odisha Rs.45.86(23.05.2016)
Rajasthan Rs.198.71(14.07.2016)
Tamil Nadu Rs.152.87(24.05.2016)
Uttarakhand Rs.23.56(15.07.2016)
Source-Union Budget Of India

33. • Implemented in 2015-16
• Backended subsidy of 33% to farmers belonging to Scheduled
Caste and Scheduled Tribes and 25% to other small and
marginal farmers will be provided to establish cattle, sheep,
goat, pig, poultry units in availing maximum loan of Rs.1.20
lakh from commercial banks (The subsidy to SC/ST has been
revised from 33% to 50% )
1] Pashu Bhagya

34. 2] Karnataka Livestock Development Policy -
2010 (Draft) -Fodder resource development
I. Qualitative and quantitative improvement in fodder production through
utilizing waste land/Goumalas
II. Popularizing ,enrichment of crop residues, area specific mineral mixture and
ensilaging of fodder.
III. Popularizing silvipasture development through incentives.
IV. Fodder densification units /fodder banks to be established through PPP
models
V. Local bodies/gram panchayats to be supported for establishing fodder tree
nurseries and for silvipasture development

35. RESEARCH STUDIES

36. Impact Evaluation of Training
Programmes on Dairy Farming in
Punjab State
Sharma et al.(2014)

37. Study area- Kapurthala ,
Punjab
Sampling method-systematic
random sampling method.
Sample size-60
METHODOLOGY

38. Table 1- Impact of training programmes on herd
composition N=60
Indicator Herd composition
Before After % change
Av. number of animals 7.68 9.21 19.92
Av. number of buffalo 4.64 4.36 (-)6.03
Av. number of cows 4.38 6.38 45.66
Av. number of crossbreds 4.54 7.27 60.13

39. Table 2: Impact of vocational training programmes on knowledge level of
trainees
Parameter Before Training After training
% Trainees
having
knowledge
Av.
Knowledge
score (pre
test)
% Trainees
having
knowledge
Av
knowledge
score
Breed Characteristics 25.00 4.44 75.00 6.32
Feed Preparation and
Management
06.67 3.64 100.00 6.39
Cause of Repeat Breeding 00.00 00.00 50.00 6.62
Prevention and Control of
Repeat Breeding
00.00 00.00 50.00 5.35
Cause of Mastitis 06.67 1.26 81.67 5.87
Prevention and Control of
Mastitis
00.00 00.00 85.00 6.54
Silage Making 08.33 2.98 41.67 4.13
Loaning process and
facilities
18.33 3.47 41.67 4.06

40. • Table 3: Increase in milk production after
vocational training
Parameter Before
Change
After Change %
change
Average number of milch animals 04.45 05.45 22.47
Average milk production available with farmer per
day in summer
24.82 37.41 50.73
Average milk production available with farmer per
day in winter
36.45 46.00 26.20
Average milk production available with farmer per
day during whole year
30.09 37.82 25.69
Average milk production in summer/animal/day 05.57 06.75 21.18
Average milk production in winter/animal/day 08.18 08.43 03.06
Average milk production/animal/day 06.76 06.93 02.51

41. Table-4. change in cost of disease management,
feed management and income
Parameter Before training After training
Cost of disease management ( Av
cost/ animal / year in Rs)
1662.5 954.28
Feed management ( Av cost/ animal
/ year in Rs)
20033.33 21566.27
Income ( Av Profit/ animal/ year in Rs
)
10982.58 13590.4

42. Impact of the dairy development programmes of KMF on SC and
ST farmers in Gulbarga district of Karnataka state
Benki (1990)

43. METHODOLOGY
Study area- Gulbarga
Sampling method-
Random
Sample size-120

44. Table-1.knowledge of dairy farmers about
recommended dairy management practices
Knowledge categories Dairy farmers
KMF members
n=60
Non members of KMF
n-=60
Poor 12 (20.00%) 26 (43.33%)
Average 22 (36.00%) 29 (48.34%)
Good 26 (43.33%) 05 (8.33%)
Total 60 60

45. Table – 2. Adoption level of SC, ST dairy farmers
regarding recommended dairy management practices
Adoption level SC ST Dairy farmers
KMF members
n=60
Non members of KMF
n=60
Low 11 (18.33%) 37 (61.67%)
Medium 19 (31.67%) 16 (26.66%)
High 30 (50.00%) 7 (11.67%)
Total 60 60

46. Adoption of azolla cultivation technology in the
farmers’ field: an analysis
Senthilkumar and Manivannan (2015)

47. Study area-Tirunelveli
Sampling method-
Random
Sample size-150
METHODOLOGY

48. S. No. Categories Frequency Percentage
1 Adopters 97 65.00
2 Non adopters 53 35.00
Total 150 100.00
Table 1: Categories of respondents based on adoption
(N = 150)

49. Sl No Categories Frequency Percentages
1 Interest developed after
attending
demonstration
cum training
programme on Azolla
cultivation
64 66.00
2 Reduced Feed cost 97 100.00
3 Increased milk yield 58 60.00
Table 2: Reason for adopting Azolla cultivation
(N = 97*)

50. Sl No Categories Frequency Percentages
1 Azolla plot
maintenance problem
36 68.00
2 No conducive
environment to grow
Azolla
13 25.00
3 Afraid to feed Azolla to
cattle
24 48.00
Table 3: Reason for non-adopting cultivation

51. On-farm preparation of low cost feed blocks using
mulberry fruit wastes: impact analysis and adoption
by farmers
• This technology initiated by Faculty of Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Sciences, KP Agricultural University,
Peshawar, Pakistan
• Training of farmers in preparation of mulberry-fruit-based
blocks
Source- Successes and failures with animal nutrition practices and
technologies in developing countries, 2010 ., FAO Electronic
Conference

52. • Groups of 20–30 male and
female farmers in five
villages were trained in
making the feed blocks
using fresh or dried
mulberry fruits

53. Impact of this technology
• All the farmers in the five villages consistently reported that the
animals readily accepted and licked the blocks and in all cases and
that milk production increased by 30 to 50 per cent
• It helped to generate income (The sale price of a 3 kg block was
fixed by the farmers as PKR 35 with a profit of PKR 14 (almost 67
percent). This price of a 3 kg block was much lower than the market
price of over PKR 100)

54. Straw-based densified complete feed block
technology
Initiated by Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National
Dairy Research Institute, Karnal.
• The two major components of straw-based DCFB are
roughage and concentrates
Benefits obtained by farmers by applying this technology
• A balanced ration for ruminants
• An efficient nutrient-delivery system
• Time and labour saving
• Cheaper and easier transportation
• Can check environmental pollution
• Improved productive and reproductive efficiency.

55. Impact of this technology
• Increase growth rate of calves by 25 to 30 per cent and milk yield by
10 to15 per cent
• Also the milk yield persists longer, causing an increase in total lactation
yield
• The absence of dietary fluctuations results in a relatively stable
microbial-ecology in the rumen which increases its efficiency
• Feeding CFB results in earlier maturing of animals
• This not only lowers the cost of rearing, but also reduces age at first
calving
• Also provides regularity to subsequent calvings and increases life-
time production
• The optimum supply of nutrients, including micronutrients has a
positive effect on health which keeps the animal free from many
reproductive problems
• Block feeding provides immuno-protection against infectious diseases
resulting in significant savings in costs of medicating animals.

56. Urea-molasses-multinutrient blocks/licks: a
blend of nutrients for ruminants
Was initiated by the Department of Animal Nutrition,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Impact of UMMB on performance of animals
• Pica was effectively reduced by UMMB supplementation.
• Animals suffering from haemoglobin urea due to phosphorus
deficiency recovered when supplemented with UMMB
• Farmers reported animals to be better general body condition,
with glossy coats and healthier appearance
• Increases in milk production due to UMMB supplementation have
generated additional income whilst improving reproductive
performance, leading to more calves
These improvements have undoubtedly improved the socio-
economic status of farmers.

57. Adoption of the technology
During the last three years the sale of the UMMBs has increased
from 2660 to 6530/annum
Agencies responsible for transfering this technology
• State Animal Husbandry Department.
• SAU’s
• ICAR
• KVK

58. SUCCESS STORIES

59. Success of Umesh through Integrated Farming
 Kalya village of Magadi taluk of Ramangara
District
 Traditional farming included only arecanut
with a small dairy unit
 Technical support from Krishi Vigyan
Kendra (KVK), Ramangara
 Upgrading dairy unit, azolla as cattle feed,
vermicompost, poultry, fodder bank and
drudgery reduction through farm
mechanisation at his level

60. • The average production
from his farming per year
is
85 q green arecanuts
1.0 ton of vermicompost,
15 tonnes of cow dung
40 tonnes of fodder grass and
vegetables worth
Rs.2,40,000/-.

61. Success story of Sri Bhabakrishna Muduli
• Bhabakrishna Muduli from Angul district, Alekhpur
• In 2008 Started Buhuban Dairy with one cow with a daily
production of 8 litres of milk
• He got his primary knowledge on dairying from different
sources by discussing with different block level and district
level Animal Husbandry staffs, attending different
training programs at various level, visiting different
successful farmers and gaining knowledge by virtue of
studying success stories in dairying as well as from
internet.
• Now Dairy Farming (BHUBAN DAIRY) with 65 Cows with
fodder production facilities.

62. • Getting a profit of about Rs 5000/- to Rs 5500/- daily
• Oat and Berseem seeds and cultivated Hybrid Napier
in order to decrease his production cost
• Adopted Azolla cultivation

63. Fodder cultivation activity: Berseem : 1.5 Acre Oat : 1.0 Acre Hybrid Napier :
1.5 Acre Azolla : 4 Tanks