This is presentation about gravity faults as also call normal faults Here give the information about this topic and the information is very useful for geology students. In this presentation i covered all detail related to this topics. So i hope this presentation if you like and useful for your study. So if you like this presentation you can follow me on slideSher i share useful materials only on slidesher.
Darshan Darji
Studying msc Geology at M. G science institute
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There are three main types of fault which can cause earthquakes: normal(gravity) Fault ,
reverse (thrust) Fault and strike-slip Fault.
A "Fault " may be defined as a fracture along which block of rock have been displaced
relative to each other.
What is Fault ?
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Normal fault
An inclined fault in which the hanging wall has slipped down relative to the footwall.
Example-
San Andreas Fault in California.
Definition of Fault Type
Reverse fault
A geological fault in which the hanging wall appears to have been pushed up along the footwall.
Example-
Glarus thrust (Switzerland)
Strike slip fault
A fault on which the two blocks slide past one another.
Example-
North Anatolian Fault and the Alpine Fault.
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GRAVITY FAULTS
An inclined fault in which the hanging wall appears to have slipped downward
relative to the footwall.
(https://gfycat.com/SlightIdioticFrigatebird)
(Principal of engineering geology by k.M.Bangar)
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Normal Faults: This is the most common type of fault. It forms when rock above an
inclined fracture plane moves downward, sliding along the rock on the other side of the
fracture. Normal faults are often found along divergent plate boundaries, such as under
the ocean where new crust is forming.
Long, deep valleys can also be the result of normal faulting.
Tensional stress produces By
Normal faults, That's the called
gravity faults.
Origin of Gravity faults
Kanab, Utah. (App-Pinterest) (Website -Study. Com)
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The term 'en echelon' refers to closely-spaced, parallel or subparallel, overlapping or step-
like minor structural features in rock (faults, tension fractures), which lie oblique to the
overall structural trend.
These are relatively short faults which overlap each other
ENECHELON GRAVITY FAULTS
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HORST -
When Two Parallel Normal Faults Hade
Away From One Another and The Rock
Between Them is uplifted to Form a Ridge,
The structure is called a "HORST"
The >600-km-long Satpura mountain
range of central India is usually
considered as a horst, separated by
normal faults from the Tapi and
Narmada grabens. ... Erosion of the
southern front of the Satpuras
produces a large fault-line scarp, an
illusory normal fault.
HORST AND GRABEN
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"Grabens" are long and relatively narrow fault throughs bounded by parallel high angle faults. This
structure is produced when the two parallel normal faults hade towards each other and the rock beds
between them are thrown down Under The influence of gravity forming a topography low. Tensional
crustal forces which pulls the crust apart are responsible for the formation of rift faults.Grabens typically
occur along crests of upwards.
GRABEN
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1
Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of
structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic
plates stretching apart. When the upper lithospheric crust experiences
extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment
faults.
TELTED FAULT
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GRAVITY FAULTS STRUCTURE LOCATION
ENECHELON GRAVITY FAULTS :- Oklahoma in USA.
TILTED FAULT BLOCK :- South Western part of U. S include Arizona and Baja California.
HORST :- Ruby-East-Humboldt Mountains OF Nevada
GRABEN:- jordanead sea Depression and Death Valley.
GRAVITY FAULTS
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Reference
PRINCIPAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY BY (K. M. BANGAR)
https://www.usgs.gov/
https://glossary.oilfield
Wikipedia