What's New In Laravel 5

LARAVEL 5
Darren Craig
@minusdarren

@minusdarren
Introduction
Darren Craig
CTO - @minus40co
★ Built my ﬁrst website in 1998
★ Hosted on FortuneCity
★ Developing in PHP for over 10 years
★ Superstar DJ
… in Microsoft Word
(ish)

Caveats
★ Code is an example only - not best practice…
★ …or consistent!
★ Mix of basic and advanced ideas
★ Please ask questions!
★ More than one way to skin a cat

What is Laravel?
★ PHP Framework
★ V1 was released in 2011
★ Taylor Otwell (@taylorotwell)
★ V5 released in February 2015
★ Laracon - Annual conferences in EU & US

Why are you talking about it?
★ Using Laravel since v3
★ Excellent Framework
★ Striving for better & more robust applications
★ Laravel helping lead the charge
★ PSR-4
★ Contracts/Interfaces
★ Command Bus
★ SOLID principles
★ Community - DDD, Testing, Event Sourcing

Under the hood
★ Uses Composer (http://getcomposer.org)
★ >= PHP 5.4
★ Leverages lots of Symfony components
★ Artisan CLI
★ Eloquent ORM

PHPSpec
★ Testing library
★ Uses “Design by Speciﬁcation”
class EmailAddressSpec
{
public function it_validates_the_email()
{
$this->shouldThrow('Exception')->during('__construct', ['InvalidEmail.com'])
}
public function it_normalizes_the_address()
{
$this->beConstructedWith('StrangeCASE@EmailAddress.com');
$this->getEmail()->shouldReturn('strangecase@emailaddress.com');
}
}
vendor/bin/phpspec describe EmailAddress
vendor/bin/phpspec run

PHPSpec
class EmailAddress
{
private $email;
public function __construct($email)
{
if( !filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) ) throw new Exception;
$this->email = strtolower($email);
}
public function getEmail()
{
return $this->email;
}
}

Elixir
★ Wrapper for GulpJS
var elixir = require('laravel-elixir');
elixir(function(mix)
{
mix.less('app.less');
mix.styles([
"normalize.css",
"main.css"
], 'public/build/css/everything.css');
mix.version(["css/all.css", "js/app.js"]);
});
href=“/css/all-16d570a7.css“><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ elixir("css/all.css") }}">

Directory Structure
★ Conﬁg, DB, Views
moved above the app
directory
★ New directories within
app/
★ No “models” directory
★ Leverages PSR-4
autoloading 
(http://www.php-
ﬁg.org/psr/psr-4/)
★ App/ namespace =
app/ folder
php artisan app:name Acme

Directory Structure
app
Commands
Console
Events
Handlers
Commands
Events
Http
Controllers
Middleware
Requests
Providers
Services
bootstrap
config
database
migrations
seeds
public
package
resources
lang
views
storage
cache
logs
meta
sessions
views
work
tests

Service Providers
★ Bootstrap/configure classes in your application
★ app/Providers
★ AppServiceProvider.php
★ BusServiceProvider.php
★ ConfigServiceProvider.php
★ EventServiceProvider.php
★ RouteServiceProvider.php
★ Referenced in config/app.php

Routing
★ Routes moved to app/Http/routes.php
★ RESTful routes
★ No namespace necessary!
Route::get(‘/', 'WelcomeController@index');
$router->get(‘/','WelcomeController@index');
Route::get(…);
Route::post(…);
Route::put(…);
Route::patch(…);
Route::delete(…);

Routing
★ Route Variables
Route::get('video/{video}', ‘VideoController@show');
Route::get('/video/{video}/comments/{comment}', 'VideoCommentsController@show');
// VideoController
public function show($videoId) {}
// VideoCommentsController
public function show($videoId, $commendId) {}
★ Resource Routes
Route::resource('video', 'VideoController');
@index
@show
@create
@store
@edit
@update
@delete

Routing
★ Implicit Controllers
Route::controller('videos', ‘VideoController');
class VideoController extends Controller
{
public function getIndex() {} // GET videos
public function postProfile() {} // POST videos/profile
public function anyAction() {} // ANY videos/action
}

RouteServiceProvider
class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
protected $namespace = ‘AppHttpControllers';
public function map(Router $router)
{
$router->group(['namespace' => $this->namespace], function($router)
{
require app_path('Http/routes.php');
});
}
}

Route Cache
★ Resolves and caches your routes ﬁle
★ Drastically speeds up applications with lots of
routes
php artisan route:cache

Eloquent
★ Laravel’s own Active Record implementation
★ Beautifully expressive syntax
★ Allows you to easily query and update your database
★ Has drivers for MySQL, SQLite, Postgres, SQL Server
and Redis out of the box.
★ Lots of packages available for DB support

Eloquent
class User extends Model {
public function comments()
{
return $this->hasMany('Comment');
}
}
$user = User::all();
$user = User::find(1);
$user = User::where('name', =, $name)->first();
$user = User::where('age', <, 18)->get();
$user = User::with('comments')->get();
@foreach($user->comments as $comment)
<li>{{ $comment->body }}</li>
@endforeach

Eloquent N+1 Problem
// 1 query per comment
$user = User::first();
@endforeach
// 1 query total
$user = User::with('comments')->first();
@endforeach

IoC Container
class UserController
{
public function getProfile()
{
$facebook = new Facebook(['appId' => 123, 'secret' => 'cohaaagan']);
$user = $facebook->getUser();
}
public function getFriends()
{
$facebook = new Facebook(['appId' => 123, 'secret' => 'cohaaagan']);
$friends = $facebook->getFriends();
}
}

IoC Container
class FooController
{
private $facebook;
public function __construct()
{
$this->facebook = new Facebook(['appId' => 123, 'secret' => 'cohaaagan']);
}
}
class BarController
{
private $facebook;
{
$this->facebook = new Facebook(['appId' => 123, 'secret' => 'cohaaagan']);
}
}

IoC Container
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
public function register() {
$this->app->bind('Facebook', function() {
return new Facebook(['appId' => 123, 'secret' => 'cohaaagan']);
});
}
}
★ You can ‘tell’ Laravel to provide a fully instantiated class
instead of the requested class

IoC Container
class FooController {
private $facebook;
public function __construct() {
$this->facebook = App::make('Facebook');
}
}
class FooController {
private $facebook;
public function __construct(Facebook $facebook) {
$this->facebook = $facebook;
}
}

Contracts
★ Also known as “Interfaces”
★ Deﬁne the ‘Public API’ of your classes
★ Packaged as part of L5
★ One for each of the the core Laravel services
★ Help you ‘decouple’ your code

Contracts
{
public function __construct(SomeVendorMailGun $mail) {
$this->mail = $mail;
}
public function registerUser() {
$this->mail->send(...);
}
}
★ “Tightly coupled”
★ What would happen if we changed from MailGun
to Mandrill, or Gmail?

Contracts
namespace IlluminateContractsMail;
interface Mailer {
public function raw($text, $callback);
public function send($view, array $data, $callback);
public function failures();
}
{
public function __construct(IlluminateContractsMailMailer $mail) {
}
}
}

Contracts
use IlluminateContractsMailMailer;
class FacebookMailer implements Mailer
{
public function raw($text, $callback) {};
public function send($view, array $data, $callback) {};
public function failures() {};
}
$this->app->bind('IlluminateContractsMailMailer', function() {
return new FacebookMailer();
});
}
}

Contracts
{
public function __construct(IlluminateContractsMailMailer $mail) {
}
}
}
$this->app->bind('IlluminateContractsMailMailer', function() {
return new TwitterMailer();
});
}
}

File Drivers
★ Improved version of the previous Filesystem class
★ Now powered by Flysystem
(ﬂysystem.thephpleague.com)
★ Allows for local & remote ﬁlesystems at the same
time
★ Compatible with S3 & Rackspace
★ Support available for lots of others
composer require league/flysystem-aws-s3-v2 ~1.0
composer require league/flysystem-rackspace ~1.0

File Drivers - Conﬁguration
// config/filesystems.php
return [
'default' => 'local',
'cloud' => 's3',
'disks' => [
'local' => [
'driver' => 'local',
'root' => storage_path().'/app',
],
's3' => [
'driver' => 's3',
'key' => 'your-key',
'secret' => 'your-secret',
'region' => 'your-region',
'bucket' => 'your-bucket',
],
'rackspace' => [
'driver' => 'rackspace',
'username' => 'your-username',
'key' => 'your-key',
'container' => 'your-container',
'endpoint' => 'https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0/',
'region' => 'IAD',
],
],
];

File Drivers - Usage
$disk = Storage::disk('cloud');
$disk = Storage::disk('local');
$disk = Storage::disk('s3');
$exists = Storage::disk('s3')->exists('file.jpg');
$exists = $disk->exists('file.jpg');
$file = Storage::get('file.jpg');
Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents);
Storage::prepend('file.log', 'Prepended Text');
Storage::append('file.log', 'Appended Text');
Storage::delete('file.jpg');
Storage::delete(['file1.jpg', 'file2.jpg']);
Storage::copy('old/file1.jpg', 'new/file1.jpg');

Method Injection
★ Uses the IoC container to resolve dependencies
injected directly into a method.
★ Helps cut down on cluttered constructor methods
class UserController {
public function registerUser(Mailer $mail) {
// do some registration stuff
$mail->send();
}
// Route::post('user/{id}/mail', 'UserController@mailUser');
public function mailUser($userId, Mailer $mail) {
// do some registration stuff
$mail->send();
}
}

Form Requests
★ Aim to standardise and simplify form validation
★ Validation in V3/4 was verbose:
{
public function register()
{
$rules = [
'name' => 'required',
'email' => 'email|required'
];
$validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules);
if($validator->fails()) return redirect()->back()->withErrors();
// validation passed, do something...
}
}

Form Requests
★ Form requests make things very clean…
{
public function register(RegisterUserRequest $request)
{
// validation passed, do something...
}
}
★ Automatically validates
★ Automatically redirects back, with errors

Form Requests
★ How to generate a request
php artisan make:request RegisterUserRequest
★ Stored in app/Http/Requests
class RegisterUserRequest extends Request {
public function authorize() {
return false;
}
public function rules() {
return [
'name' => 'required',
'email' => 'email|required'
];
}
}

Forms & HTML Helpers
★ Uses an expressive syntax to generate form ﬁelds
& HTML entities
★ Removed from L5 as default
★ Available as a composer package
composer require illuminate/html ~5.0

Middleware
★ Route Decorators
★ Similar to ﬁlters (still available)
★ Executed before the logic of your application

Middleware
★ Stored in app/Http/Middleware:
★ Authenticate
★ RedirectIfAuthenticated
★ VerifyCSRFToken
★ Easy to add your own
php artisan make:middleware WhitelistedIP

Middleware
class WhitelistedIP {
$ipWhitelist = [
'123.123.123.123'
];
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
if(!in_array($request->getClientIp(), $this->ipWhitelist))
{
return redirect('/');
}
return $next($request);
}
}

“After” Middleware
class DoSomethingAfter {
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
$response = $next($request);
// Perform action
return $response;
}
}

Middleware
<?php namespace AppHttp;
use IlluminateFoundationHttpKernel as HttpKernel;
class Kernel extends HttpKernel {
protected $middleware = [
'IlluminateFoundationHttpMiddlewareCheckForMaintenanceMode',
'IlluminateCookieMiddlewareEncryptCookies',
'IlluminateCookieMiddlewareAddQueuedCookiesToResponse',
'IlluminateSessionMiddlewareStartSession',
'IlluminateViewMiddlewareShareErrorsFromSession',
'AppHttpMiddlewareVerifyCsrfToken',
'AppHttpMiddlewareWhitelistedIP'
];
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => 'AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate',
'auth.basic' => 'IlluminateAuthMiddlewareAuthenticateWithBasicAuth',
'guest' => 'AppHttpMiddlewareRedirectIfAuthenticated',
'whitelisted' => 'AppHttpMiddlewareWhitelistedIP',
];
}

Applying Route Middleware
Route::group('admin/*', ['middleware' => 'whitelisted', function()
{
// protected
}]);
class UserController extends Controller {
{
$this->middleware('auth');
$this->middleware('log', ['only' => ['fooAction', 'barAction']]);
$this->middleware('subscribed', ['except' => ['fooAction', 'barAction']]);
}
}

Cron & Scheduling
15 6 2 1 * /home/melissa/backup.sh
17 6 2 1 * /home/carl/hourly-archive.sh
19 6 2 1 * /sites/my-site/artisan command:run
30 6 2 1 * /sites/my-site/artisan arnie:gettothechopper

Laravel’s Scheduler
// app/Console/Kernel.php
class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel {
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
$schedule->command('inspire')->hourly();
$schedule->command('foo')->everyFiveMinutes();
$schedule->command('foo')->everyThirtyMinutes();
$schedule->exec('composer self-update')->daily();
$schedule->command('foo')->weekdays();
$schedule->command('foo')->mondays();
$schedule->command(‘foo')->sendOutputTo($filePath)
->emailOutputTo('foo@example.com');
}
}
* * * * * php /path/to/artisan schedule:run 1>> /dev/null 2>&1

Command Bus
★ Separates the logic of you application into small,
manageable actions
★ Creates reusable classes that can be used from
different access points to your application
★ Helps keep your code DRY
★ Helps make your code testable

Command Bus
[ request ]
[ command ]
[ bus ]
[ handler ]

Command Bus
[ request ]
[ command ]
[ bus ]
[ handler ]
A data transfer object, or message, which
contains only the information required for
carrying out a speciﬁc action
Matches a command to the corresponding
handler and executes it
Responsible for carrying out the ‘task’ in
response to the command.

Command Bus
[ request ]
[ command ]
[ bus ]
[ handler ]
POST
/user/register
RegisterUser
RegisterUserHandler
POST
/user/updatePassword
UpdateUserPassword
UpdateUserPasswordHandler

Creating a command
class RegisterUser extends Command
{
public $name;
public $email;
public $password;
public function __construct($name, $email, $password)
{
$this->name = $name;
$this->email = $email;
$this->password = $password;
}
}
php artisan make:command RegisterUser
app/Commands/RegisterUser.php

Dispatching the command
class UserController extends Controller {
use DispatchesCommands;
public function postRegister(RegisterUserRequest $request)
{
$this->dispatch(new RegisterUser(
$request->get('name'),
$request->get('email'),
$request->get('password')
));
// OR
$this->dispatchFrom(RegisterUser::class, $request);
}
}

The Command Handler
class RegisterUserHandler
{
public function handle(RegisterUser $command)
{
$user = User::create([
'name' => $command->name,
'email' => $command->email,
'password' => Hash::make('password')
]);
}
}
php artisan handler:command RegisterUserHandler

Creating a command
class UpdateUserPassword extends Command
{
public $userId;
public $password;
public function __construct($userId, $password)
{
$this->userId = $userId;
$this->password = $password;
}
}
php artisan make:command UpdateUserPassword
app/Commands/UpdateUserPassword.php

The Command Handler
class UpdateUserPasswordHandler
{
{
$user = User::find($command->userId);
$user->updatePassword(
Hash::make($command->password)
);
}
}
php artisan handler:command UpdateUserPasswordHandler

Queued Commands
php artisan make:command ExampleQueuedCommand --queued
use IlluminateQueueSerializesModels;
use IlluminateQueueInteractsWithQueue;
use IlluminateContractsQueueShouldBeQueued;
class ExampleQueuedCommand extends Command implements ShouldBeQueued
{
use InteractsWithQueue, SerializesModels;
{
//
}
}

Events
★ Also known as the Publish-Subscribe pattern
★ Used to model concerns of the application you’re
building
★ Work in a similar way to Commands

Generating An Event
php artisan make:event UserWasRegistered
use AppEventsEvent;
use IlluminateQueueSerializesModels;
class UserWasRegistered extends Event {
use SerializesModels;
public $user;
public function __construct(User $user)
{
$this->user = $user;
}
}
app/EventsUserWasRegistered.php

The Event Handler
class SendRegistrationConfirmation {
{
//
}
public function handle(UserWasRegistered $event)
{
// send mail
}
}
php artisan handler:event SendRegistrationConfirmation --event=UserWasRegistered

Registering Events
class EventServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
protected $listen = [
UserWasRegistered::class => [
SendRegistrationConfirmation::class,
GenerateHolidayEntitlement::class,
SetServerPermissions::class,
NotifyCurrentEmployees::class
]
];
}
app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php

Firing Events
class RegisterUserHandler
{
{
// register the user $user
Event::fire(new UserWasRegistered($user));
}
}
app/Handlers/Commands/RegisterUserHandler.php

Optional Packages
★ Socialite
★ Provides a consistent interface for
authentication using social networks
★ Returns a consistent user object & API to get
name, email, avatar, etc
composer require "laravel/socialite": "~2.0"

Optional Packages
★ Cashier
★ Provides a ﬂuent interface for Stripe
★ Handles creating/modifying subscriptions,
recurring charges, free trials, failed payments
and invoices
composer require "laravel/cashier": "~3.0"

Learning Laravel
★ Laravel Docs (http://laravel.com/docs)
★ Laracasts (http://laracasts.com)
★ Twitter @laravelphp
★ IRC
★ #Laravel
★ #Dev-Discussions

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