Titanium being a hard material is very notorious when it comes to machinability. In this presentation, I have explained various reasons for this behavior.

1. Machining of hard materials
Titanium Alloy
Name- Debanjan Mandal
Enrollment No.:-60EE20A12003
CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209,
West Bengal, India

2. Metallurgy of Titanium
Allotropic forms of Titanium
High Temperature
Phase: β-Phase
Low Temperature
Phase: α-Phase
Allotropic Transformation
Temperature: 882 C
α-β alloy: Ti-6Al-4V

3. Selected Titanium Properties and
Analysis
Properties of Titanium
LOW!!

4. strength/density
behavior- titanium alloy
and 3 steels
Ti-6Al-4V Vs Medium Carbon Steel

5. Machinability of Titanium Alloy
“The Quality or State of being Machinable”
?
B1112-cold drawn steel-100% machinability by AISI

6. Machining time ratios of Titanium alloys compared to AISI 4340 Steel at 300 BHN
•Hardness
•Alloy Type

7. Surface Integrity
Residual stress-Various Machining Conditions
•Residual Stress
- Compressive
- Tensile
•Metallurgical Alteration
•Surface Finish
Parameters

8. Cutting Parameter-Residual stress
•Stress Relieving

9. Chips Formation-Titanium Alloy
Serrated, Shear Localized,
Discontinuous,
Cyclic and Segmented
•P-Steel
•M-Stainless Steel
•K-Cast Iron
•N-Non-Ferrous Material
•S-Titanium
•H-Hardened Steel
Thermoplastic shear instability

10. Cutting Speed Vs Degree of
Segmentation and Segmentation
Frequency

11. Effects
•Variation in forces
•Local Temperature Increase
•Cavitations
•Surface Finish
•Phase transformation
•Tool wear
•Fracture

12. Tool Wear
Tool life and cutting speed
Low Thermal Conductivity
Serrated Chips
Feed Rate and Cutting
Speed

13. Feed rate and tool life
•Good Thermal conductivity
•Composite tools
•WC/Co-alloy and Diamond
•Tool material
•Cutting Fluid
•Changing properties of Work
piece

14. Non-Conventional Methods
and Special Tools
•Ledge Tool
•Rotary Tool
•Ultrasonically assisted metal removal
•High pressure coolant jet
•Hydrogenation
•EDM
•Cryogenic machining

15. Heat Transfer
•Heat dissipation
•Cutting tool material
•Thermal conductivity
•Friction
•Alloy type
•P-Steel
•M-Stainless Steel
•K-Cast Iron
•N-Non-Ferrous Material
•S-Titanium
•H-Hardened Steel

17. Inferences
•CBN Tools and Diamond
•Cryogenic Machining
•Non traditional UAT
•Free machining
Ti 6Al 2Sn 4Zr 6Mo alternative to Ti 6Al 4V
•Surface Integrity
•Cutting forces
•Heat generation(temperature
localization)
•Tool Wear
•Chip Morphology

19. References
•Arsenal, M. C. (2009). Te c h Watc h. February, 842–848.
•Shaw, M. C., Vyas, A., Yang, Q., Wu, Y., Liu, D., Chen, L., Lou, D., Zhai, Z., & Liu, Z.
(1993). Chip Formation in the Machining of Hardened Steel. International Journal of
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 42(1), 1201–1206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62385-3
•Yang, X., & Liu, C. R. (2015). Machining Science and Technology : An International
MACHINING TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS (Issue March).
•Zindani, D., & Kumar, K. (2020). A brief review on cryogenics in machining process.
SN Applied Sciences, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2899-5
•ไทรทับทิม, ส. (2554). No Titleการนําสาหร่ายที่ผลิตนํ้ามันไบโอดีเซลมาบําบัดนํ้าเสียของ โรงงานอุตสาหกรรมรีไซเคิล.
http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
•Narayana Rao, P., Kashyap, S. K., Gopalaratnam, G., & Mandal, D. (2011). Situation and
threat assessment in BVR combat. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference 2011.