2. INTRODUCTION
• Zoon: Animals , Noses : Diseases
• WHO defines Zoonoses:
“Those diseases and infections which are
naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals
and man”
• Rudolf Virchow was the first to use the term in
his Handbook of Communicable diseases.
3.
4. HISTORY
• Zoonoses have affected human health
throughout times.
• A possible epidemic of bubonic plague was
described in the Old Testament, in the First
Book of Samuel. The so called Black Death
emerged in the 14th century and caused vast
losses throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. The
epidemic, which originated in the Far East, killed
approximately one third of Europe’s population.
5. CONT…
• Rabies was described in Mesopotamia, in
hunting dogs, as early as 2,300 BC.
Recognizable descriptions of rabies can also be
traced back to early Chinese, Egyptian, Greek,
and Roman records.
• Ancient accounts and modern hypotheses
suggest that Alexander the Great, who died in
Babylon in 323 BC, died of encephalitis caused
by West Nile virus, a virus that has a wild bird
reservoir.
6. WORLD ZOONOSES DAY
• World Zoonoses Day is held every year on July 6.
• The day commemorates July 6, 1885, when
Louis Pasteur successfully administered the first
vaccine against Rabies virus, a zoonotic
disease.
26. ZOONOSES AND IMMUNE
STATUS• Immunocompromised persons , Elderly people, HIV
patients, patients under cancer treatment are more
suceptible to zoonotic infection.
• Enteric infections by Salmonella, Camphylobactor and
Cryptosporidia may result in life threatning diarrhoea in
these group.
• Systemic infections like Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis,
Cryptococcosis, Q fever and Cat Scratch Fever may lead
to fatal encephalitis and /or Pneumonia.
• Always seek the advice of a Veterinarian while selecting
a pet.
27. ZOONOSES - AN
INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM
• Most tremendous impact on evolution of man especially
on societies/culture that domesticated and bred animals
for food and clothing.
• Most frequent and dreaded risk to mankind.
• Transcend natural boundries, occur world wide.
• Impact on global economy and Health.
• Global surveillance is necessary.
• Inter relationship among countries has led to the
internationalisation of control effort to technical,
Economical and Social fields.
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32. ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
VETERINARIANS
• Diagnosis, treatment, control and eradication of zoonotic
diseases of major human health importance.
• Use of biologicals (vaccines/sera) for prevention /control
of zoonotic diseases.
• Preparation of strategies and methods for the
surveillance and control of important zoonotic diseases.
• Supervision of food hygienic practices in slaughter
houses, dairy farms and other food processing
establishment.
33. CONT…
• Production of wholesome and safe foods of animal and
non-animal origin.
• Investigation of food borne and other zoonotic disease.
• Statistical reporting of morbidity and mortality of food
borne and other zoonotic diseases.
• Epidemiological studies on zoonotic and food borne
diseases.
• Health education to public about the source of infection,
mode of transmission, personal hygiene, environmental
hygiene and control measure against commonly
occuring zoonoses.
