EMIP15 Workshop Presentation
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Presentation given in November 2015 in Joensuu, Finland
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EMIP15 Workshop Presentation
- 1. Studying Sustained Attention & Cognitive States in Remote Technical Interviews Denae Ford, Titus Barik, Chris Parnin North Carolina State University
- 2. >$100,000 Companies spend over $100,000 on candidate face to face interviews
- 4. Source: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/b/9/8/1194984513646717809chat_icon_01.svg.hi.png Oh. I see you’re coding I’ll wait... Thank you!
- 5. Nonverbal Cues & Think-Aloud Hollandsworth (1979) found that interviewers place high importance on nonverbal cues such composure and eye contact Can collect these nonverbal cues that occur during the interview process through eye tracking Confirm them through the “eye-mind hypothesis”
- 6. Monitoring Sustained Attention "the ability to direct and focus cognitive activity on specific stimuli” What if we used the concepts from sustained attention to enhance programming under high stress situations?
- 7. Pupil Dilation Large pupil dilation implies high cognitive load Should not deter attention of candidate during this peak processing time Can break concentration & make it difficult to resume task Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Eye_dilate.gif
- 8. Saccades Connections between shifts of attention & saccades Saccades occur involuntary during information processing If saccades begin to stray from information processed indicates a stray in sustained attention Source: http://49.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_md36ruuNXk1qfg7o3o1_400.gif
- 9. Blinks Help determine a candidate's’ interest in a task Using size and speed of blink we can determine if the attention of the candidate is on the eliciting stimulus Source: http://45.media.tumblr.com/91cfc58c55c969b876ab0238ddcda507/tumblr_mss1ejaDpX1r3maj7o1_500.gif
- 10. Two Interventions Remote Focus Lights Blackouts Source: http://www.buffalovalley.org/uploads/2/1/1/8/21189646/6863220.jpg?481 Source: http://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu//scdc/files/2011/11/dreamstime_l_3291533.jpg
- 11. Proposed Study C1: No Interventions E2: Blackout Only E3: Focus Light Only E4: Both Blackout and Focus Light
- 12. Challenges Determining what valuable information can we extract from using eye tracking in technical interviews Seems like this would be a great example to see someone program under a stressful situation
- 13. Conclusion Only one step to understanding technical interviews Goal: eventually establish a golden set of adaptable technical interviews for different programming styles Source: http://blog.rocketclub.co/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/bad_interview_questions.jpgSource: https://coderpad.io/
- 15. Q&A
- 16. Research Questions RQ1: Is the candidate able to sustain their attention to the programming issue less when the interviewer has increased view of their actions? RQ2: How does visibility of the interviewer affect the candidates’ performance? RQ3: How is the performance of novices and experts reflected in their cognitive states during interviews?
- 17. How Realistic is This? There are smart phones that take advantage of this technology Starting with Samsung Galaxy S4 - Eye Scroll Feature, SmartStay Matter of time before it’s widespread such as laptops like Tobii
- 18. Is this a real problem?
- 19. Costs SMI Eye Tracking: $11,900 Gazepoint GP3 Eye Tracker: $495.00 Remote Focus Light[blink(1) mk2 USB]: $29.95 Black Out Feature : Programming Hours (< 1 Undergrad)
Notes de l'éditeur
- Reflecting on this it makes sense why many of these companies would prefer to do phone interviews. It saves money!
- “However, they're missing that visibility affordance you get when you're in the same room as a person. You're missing out on nonverbal cues that allow the interview to go seamlessly” http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nQc-Dj517_o/UTns6klEtTI/AAAAAAAAAEw/F9nK5uSVUBQ/s1600/people_talking_on_phone.jpg
- “The visibility gives interviewers unconscious notice as to when the candidate may be nervous, working through the programming task given, and even the appropriate time to solicit for the candidate’’ thought process.” Source: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/b/9/8/1194984513646717809chat_icon_01.svg.hi.png
- Eye mind hypothesis: people are paying attention to what they’re looking at.
- “Programming is a sustained attention task. Not only are you typing the code but you are comprehending the problem and devising an approach to solve it.” Sustained attention is "the ability to direct and focus cognitive activity on specific stimuli." In order to complete any cognitively planned activity, any sequenced action, or any thought one must use sustained attention. An example is the act of reading a newspaper article. One must be able to focus on the activity of reading long enough to complete the task. Problems occur when a distraction arises. A distraction can interrupt and consequently interfere in sustained attention. DeGangi and Porges (1990) indicate there are 3 stages to sustained attention which include: attention getting, attention holding, and attention releasing. Sustained attention is important to psychologists because it is "a basic requirement for information processing." Therefore, sustained attention is important for cognitive development. When a person has difficulty sustaining attention, they often present with an accompanying inability to adapt to environmental demands or modify behaviour (including inhibition of inappropriate behaviour).
- When pupils are dilated you can know that the applicant is processing info. Not a good time to interrupt them
- Shifty eyes mean anxious and you can study the rate of saccades to monitor info processing as well.
- Low Blink rates can indicate high focus and also Hugh blink rate can indicate anxiety Blinks can help us determine “All these pupillary responses and eye movements can help determine where the attention of the programmer is and the appropriate time to deter it”
- http://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu//scdc/files/2011/11/dreamstime_l_3291533.jpg http://www.clker.com/cliparts/4/6/d/b/1206564417523475405ericlemerdy_laptop.svg.hi.png https://antivirus.comodo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/ninja_hacker.png http://edge.alluremedia.com.au/m/l/2014/04/Blindfold.jpg
- Visibility can be answered multiple ways (with the multiple version of interviews (phone, in person, can see code) or visibility as in has control over visibility or not with blackouts
- http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxys4/images/gal_r01.jpg http://mashable.com/2013/07/25/hands-on-tobii-laptop/#xsSFtglCXqqo