This presentation is about a type of Fungus called as Basiodiomycetes. It covers complete information about Basiodiomycetes characteristics, classification, reproduction and ecology.
3. Overview ofBASIODIOMYCOTA
The Basidiomycota together with Ascomycota form the subkingdom Dikarya which is also known
as the “higher fungi” within the kingdom Fungi.
Basidiomycetes are the most advanced and most commonly seen fungi as their fructifications are
often large and conspicuous
Ex- mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes,
chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeast etc.
They are also called club fungi
This class contains about 30,000 species
4.
5. BASIODIOMYCETES CHARACTERISTICS
Basidiomycota are typically filamentous fungi composed of hyphae.
Sexual reproduction does not involve sex organs, however they reproduce by basidium (spore bearing
organ)
These specific spores are termed as basidiospores.
Some of the Basidiomycota are asexual reproducers..
Basidiomycetes confined to only living host plants in nature (parasitic)
6. Characteristics ofBasiodiomycetes
The somatic phase consist of a well-developed, branched, and septate mycelium which is differentiated
into primary, secondary mycelium
The cell wall is made up of chitin and glucans with 1,3 linked and 1,6 linked B- D – glucosyl units.
Clamp connections are a kind of hyphal outgrowth that form when cells in dikaryotic hyphae divide
7. Classification ofBasiodiomycota
Basiodiomycota comprise 3 subphyla, 52 orders, 177 families, 1,589 genera
Classifiedd into three classes depending on basidia-
1. Basidiomycetes- produce basidia (multicellular fruiting body) includes Eg- mushroom, brackets,
puffballs, jelly fungi, stinkhorns etc.
Basidiomycetes is again classified into- Homobasidiomycetidaedo not form asexual spores and
Heterobasidiomycetidae form spore in the dikaryotic mycelium
2. Uredinomycetes- no basidia, teliospore produces basidia, obligate plant parasites, eg- rusts
3. Ustomycetes- no basidia, teliospore produces basidia, facultative plant parasites , eg- smuts
10. Asexual Reproduction
Basidiomycota reproduce asexually by either budding or asexual spore formation.
Budding occurs when an outgrowth of the parent cell is separated into a new cell. Any cell in the organism
can bud.
Asexual spore formation, however, most often takes place at the ends of specialized structures called
conidiophores.
The septae of terminal cells become fully defined, dividing a random number of nuclei into individual cells.
The cell walls then thicken into a protective coat. The protected spores break off and are disbursed.
12. Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in Basiodiomycota takes place in the fruiting
body, in specialized structures called Basidia.
The basidia itself formed by plasmogamy between mycelia from
two different spores
Plasmogamy- when haploid basidiomycota mycelia fuse to form a
heterokaryotic cell with two or more nuclei, one from each parent
In the gills of the fruiting body, karyogamy takes place
Karyogamy- when nuclei of two different mating strains fuse,
giving rise to a diploid zygote that then undergoes meiosis. This is
the dikaryotic stage resulting in four haploid nuclei
The nuclei then migrates to the terminus of the basidium and
form four individual projections. These projections are then
separated by cell walls to become spores
13.
14. ECOLOGYOFBASIODIOMYCETES
The basidiomycetes have diverse modes of nutrition, ranging from pathogens to saprotrophs and
mutualists
Mycelium scavenges and transport plant nutrients from soil, and support the growth of the plants
Many of the pathogens of economically important crops causing damping off, root rot and turf diseases
Their contribution to the decay of plant and waste materials make them an important factor in the
carbon cycle
Some form symbiotic relationship with the roots of vascular plants and with insects
Basiodiomycetes displays a variety of mutualistic associations with plants, animal and algae
Some of them are causative agents of most destructive diseases of our cereal crops
One of the unusual formation of Basiodiomycota are known as fairy rings
15. Importance ofBasiodiomycetes
Beneficial to forest ecosystems because they decompose rotten tissues or form some other symbiotic
relationship with trees
Some of them are like chanterelles, are fungi supplying their partner tree with nitrogen.
The fungal like mushrooms and puffballs are edible forms having high food value
Some mushroom are ideal food which contains upto 35% protein and are rich in amino acids, lysine
and tryptophan
Some contains anti cancer substance known as clavicin
Some produce the hallucinogenic chemicals