The document discusses metallic glasses, which are metal alloys that lack long-range atomic order and crystallinity. Metallic glasses have properties of both metals and alloys, such as strength and corrosion resistance. They are produced through rapid cooling techniques to prevent crystal nucleation. Potential applications include use as transformer cores due to low hysteresis loss, in sensors due to resistance properties, and in medical implants due to corrosion resistance. Metallic glasses offer advantages over crystalline metals like fewer defects and potential for new applications.

1. A Presentation on Metallic
Glasses
-by Dhaval Shukla (141080119050)
-Mechanical Branch
-2nd Semester
-Prof. Medha Shah

2. Metallic Glasses

3. Introduction
 Metallic Glasses are the newly
developed engineering materials.
 Metallic Glasses share the properties
of both metals and alloys.
 Most metals and alloys are crystalline,
i.e., their atoms are arranged in some
regular pattern that extends over a
long distance.
 In contrast, glass is an amorphous
(non-crystalline), brittle and

4. Introduction
1. Crystalline : We can see that crystal atoms have
equal gap from each other thus forms a strong
bond of contact.
2. Polycrystalline : Polycrystalline atoms have less
contact or bonding than the crystalline atoms.
3. Amorphous : These structure forms the metallic
glass.

5. Introduction
Crystalline Properties of
Most Metals

6. Introduction
 Thus, metallic glasses are metal alloys
that are amorphous.
 That is, they don’t have a long range
atomic order.
 The major advantage of such glasses
are that they are generally
homogeneous in composition, and
offer strong and superior corrosion
resistance.

7. Introduction
 To have this peculiar property, metallic
glasses are to be made by cooling a
molten metal rapidly at a rate of
 During this process of solidification,
the atoms do not have enough time to
rearrange for crystal nucleation.
 Thus, the liquid upon reaching the
glass transition temperature
solidifies as metallic glass.
6 1
2 10 Cs .

Tg

8. Introduction
 Again, upon heating, metallic glasses
show a reversible glass-liquid
transition at
T .g

9. Types of Metallic Glasses
 Metallic Glasses are of two types
depending on the base material used
for preparation.
1. Metal – Metal glasses.
Examples: Ni-Nb, Mg-Zn and Cu-Zr.
2. Metal – Metalloid glasses.
Transition metals like Fe, Co, Ni and
metalloids like B, Si, C and P are
used.
Examples:67 18 14 40 38 4 18 66 4
14 15
Fe Co B Si, Fe Ni Mo B , and Co Fe Ni,
B Si , etc.

10. Types of Metallic Glasses
 Commercial metallic glasses are
usually of this type.

11. Difference between Metallic and
Non-metallic materials

12. Production of Metallic
Glasses
 Various rapid cooling techniques such
as spraying, spinning and laser
deposition are used for the production
of the metallic glasses.
 In this technique, there is a spinning
disc made of copper.

13. Production of Metallic
Glasses
 In order to prepare a metallic glass of
a particular type, a suitable
combination of metal-metal or metal-
metalloid alloy in its preferred ratio is
taken in a refractory tube having a fine
nozzle at its bottom.
 The nozzle side of the tube is placed
just over the spinning disc.

14. Production of Metallic
Glasses

15. Production of Metallic
Glasses
Spinning
Copper disc

16. Production of Metallic
Glasses
Refractory
tube

17. Production of Metallic
Glasses
Rotating Roller

18. Production of Metallic
Glasses
Molten Alloy

19. Production of Metallic
Glasses
 An induction heater attached to the
refractory tube melts the alloy.
 This melt is kept above its melting
point till it gets transformed into a
homogeneous mixture.
 An inert gas such as helium is made
to flow through the tube containing the
homogeneous mixture.

20. Production of Metallic
Glasses
 As a result the melt gets rejected through
the nozzle.
 The ejected melt is cooled at a faster
rate with the help of the spinning cooled
copper disc.
 The ejection rate can be increased by
increased by increasing the pressure of
the inert gas.
 Thus, a glassy alloy ribbon may be
varied by increasing or decreasing the
speed of the spinning disc.

21. Production of Metallic
Glasses
As fast the spinning wheel
will be the faster will be
the cooling effect on the
melt alloy.

22. Properties
1. The strength of metallic glasses is
very high (nearly twice that of
stainless steel) but they are lighter in
weight.
2. They are ductile, malleable, brittle
and opaque. The hardness is very
high.
3. The toughness is very high. i.e., the
fracture resistant is very high (more
than ceramics).

23. Properties
Ceramics have very higher fracture
resistant, but the metallic glasses are of
even higher fracture resistant.
Ceramics
Metallic Glasses

24. Properties
4. They have high elasticity. i.e., the
yield strength is high.
5. They have high corrosion resistance.
6. They do not contain any crystalline
defects like point defects, dislocation,
stacking faults, etc.

25. Properties
Crystal materials
have point defects
the advantage of
metallic glasses is
that they don’t have
any kind of defects
like crystalline
structures.

26. Properties
7. They are soft magnetic materials. As a
result, easy magnetization and
demagnetization are possible.
8. Magnetically soft metallic glasses have very
narrow hysteresis loop. Thus, they have
very low hysteresis energy loss.
9. They have a high electrical resistivity which
leads to a low eddy current loss.
 The last two properties of metallic glasses
makes it possible for them to be used as a
transformer.

27. Properties
A very narrow
hysteresis loop found in
metallic glasses profits
into very low hysteresis
energy losses.

28. Applications
1. Metallic glasses are used as
transformer core material in high-
power transformers.
 Usage of metallic glasses in
transformers is found to improve the
efficiency of power distribution in
transformers.
 These transformers are used to
convert high-voltage current into low-
voltage current to be used for
domestic appliances (120 V and 240
V).

29. Applications
Metallic Glasses are
used as Transformer
core material

30. Applications
 Compared to conventional
transformers, the power transformers
with metallic glasses as core is found
to help in reducing the core loss.
 In addition, the size and weight are
also very less. The loss is less in the
latter case because of its
ferromagnetic property with low
hysteresis loss and high electrical
resistivity property.

31. Applications
2. Because of their high electrical resistivity
and nearly zero temperature coefficient of
resistance, these materials are used in
making cryothermometers,
magnetoresistance sensors and
computer memories.
3. As the magnetic properties of the metallic
glasses are not affected by irradiation
they are used in making containers for
nuclear waste disposal.

32. Applications
Due to nearly zero
temperature coefficient of
resistance the metallic
glasses are used in the
production of cryo
thermometers and
magnetoresistive sensors.

33. Applications
Due to the quality of
irradiation of metallic glasses
they are used in containers
for radioactive disposal

34. Applications
4. These materials are used in the
preparation of magnets for fusion
reactors and magnets for levitated
trains, etc.
5. Metallic glasses can also be used for
making watch cases to replace Ni and
other metals which can cause allergic
reactions.
6. The excellent corrosion resistance
property makes these materials ideal for
cutting and in making surgical

35. Applications
The metallic
glasses are used
to make magnets
which are used in
levitated trains as
the medium of
transportation

36. Applications
 In addition, they can be used as a
prosthetic material for implantation in
the human body.
7. In future, the usage of metallic
glasses in the electronic field can
yield stronger , lighter and more
easily moulded castings for personal
electronic products.
8. Metallic glasses are used in tap
recorders as heads, in the
manufacture of springs and standard
resistances.

37. Applications
In future
there will be
a very
positive deal
of the use of
metallic
glasses in
electronic
field.

38. The End

39. “Hesitating to act because the whole vision might not be achieved or
because others do not yet share it, is an attitude that only hinders progress.”
- Mahatma Gandhi