Web technology Part A using History of Internet and WWW, Web Application, Web Team, Planning and Process Development

1. Web Technology

2. • Introduction to the web:
o Understanding the Internet and World Wide Web
o History of the Web
o Web Applications
o Writing Web Projects
o Identification of Objects
o Target Users
o Web Team
o Planning and Process Development
o Internet Standards
o TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Protocol Suite
o IPAddresses
• Classless Inter Domain Routing
• IPv4 Private Addresses
o MIMI
o Cyber Laws

3. Understanding the Internet and World Wide Web
• What is the Internet?
o The internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers.
• What is network?
o A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
o LAN, WAN, etc.

4. Understanding the Internet and World Wide Web
• The Internet allows all the computers connected to it to exchange information with one
another.
• To make communication possible, computers on the Internet use a common set of rules,
called protocols.
• The standard TCP/IP suite is used by the Internet to serve millions of users worldwide.
• The information contained within the Internet can be accessed through a number of
standardized interfaces.
• It is believed that approximately 30 million people world wide are somehow connected
to the WWW and also primary way to query this giant database is the WWW.
• Although there are many other ways to retrieve information from the Internet, WWW is
mainly responsible for tremendous growth of the Internet and the people who access it.
• The information is typically accessed as ‘web pages’or HTML documents.

5. • Web pages contain links called hyperlinks, which allows us to access other web pages
by simply clicking on them.
• Web pages are viewed by using a software called ‘browser’.
• The first successful browser was ‘Mosaic’.
• Other browsers like Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, etc.
• However, the Internet and WWW are not one and the same.
• The Internet is a global data communication system.
• The WWW is a repository of information called resources so it can be accessed via
the Internet.

6. History of the web:
• It started at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Laboratory, Switzerland.
• As a networked information project by an English man Tim Berners-Lee in
1980s.
• In March 1989, he wrote his 1st proposal entitled “A large hypertext
database with typed links”.
• Tim’s boss, Mike Sendall encouraged him to implement his system with a
workstation NEXTcube, later it becomes a first web server.
• Tim considered several names such as Information Mesh, Information
Mine or Mine of Information but finally WWW.
• The he showed how information could be transferred easily over the
Internet by using hypertext.

7. • The proposal was rewritten and published on November 12,1990 by Robert Cailliau.
• He is one of his collaborators.
• Lee and Robert presented this proposal at European Conference on Hypertext
Technology in September 1990 but there ideas not appreciated much.
• Lee developed in 1990 in all the tools for 1st
o WWW: HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 0.9
o HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the first web browser (also a web editor)
o HTTP server
o 1st website http://info.cern.ch, and a few web pages.
o 1st web address http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html it is primary focused on WWW
project itself.
o 1st web browser ‘ Mosaic’ in 1993 by Marc Andreessen and it is turning point of WWW.
o So, it is fastest growing technologies on the globe.

8. • In September 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C), which is well-known standard making body for royalty free software's all
over the world.
• The WWW became commercially viable during 1996-98 when a large number of
dot com companies used it for placing their services on the web.
HTML Versions and Years
Versions Years
1.0 1993
2.0 1995
3.0 1997
3.2(WILBUR) 1997 but dropped
4.0 (COUGAR) 1999
4.01 or XHTML 2000
5.0 2014

9. Web Applications:
• Web applications are applications that are accessed via web browsers usually through
networks like called simply webapps.
• Web application run on server called web server.
• Each web application is identified by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
• Types: Service-Oriented web applications and Presentation-Oriented web applications

10. Service-Oriented web applications:
• These applications implement web services and are typically coded using
server-side technologies such as CGI, JSP, ASP, etc.

11. Presentation-Oriented web applications
• These application are usually clients of service-oriented web applications.
• They are coded in browser supported languages such as HTML, Java Script, etc.
• It is generate interactive web pages.

12. Writing Web Projects:
• To become a successful web programmer one must have some ideas about concepts
related to distributed applications and services.
• They should know HTTP, HTML, scripting language, also know user authorization
and authentication, session management, data exchange, etc.
• In addition these technologies, it is also important to create a visual model of various
aspects before beginning to write code.
• The visual model is help us to eliminate problems and ensures that proper set of
functionalities are incorporated in the web applications.
• Model-View Controller (MVC) is one of a pattern in web application

13. • Applying MVC model, we should identify the objectives and target
users of the web applications.
• Capturing requirements is one of the most important tasks to be
performed while writing web projects.

14. Identification of Objects:
• To determine the objective of your website. To identify them, it is a good idea to dissect
the entire idea into more manageable tasks.
• Why are you going to develop this website?
o Improve quality of the existing website. In such cases, a set of objectives are already identified.
o Sell goods or services online.
o Educate people or disseminate information.
o Build customer relationship.
o Provide an interface to book airline tickets.
o Help travelers plan a trip.
o Make available product information and price lists to distributors.
o Offer customer service, technical support, or other online services.
o Encourage site visitors to take action on some issues or programs.

15. Target Users:
• Identify the potential visitors of your website.
• It helps you to structure the website design to fulfill their expectations and needs.
• The users knowledge, interests and needs vary widely and may range from novices to
experts.
• A well designed website should satisfy a range of users interest and skills.
• Example:
o Your website should accommodate users that visit your site many times in a day as well as visitors
who refer to this site occasionally.

16. Web Team:
• A typical web application consists of large number of components.
• A number of people are involved in developing an entire application.
• They form a group called the web team.
• Then web team has title and job or project description for a good team.

17. • A good web team should use make following strategies:

18. User Research:
• Identify, needs
• How they think and how they react / behave
• Understanding into every aspect of the process

19. Technology Strategy:
• Identify the relevant technologies needed for any site.
• Like as platforms, technologies, standards
• Finally, how they all can interoperate as websites are becoming more
complex of day by day.

20. Content Strategy:
• Before producing the site content, you should be able to answer the following questions:
• Will the content meet users expectations?
• Is the content appropriate?
• What form should it take?
• What tone or style should it have?

22. Abstract Strategy:
• A conceptual framework from information architecture and interaction
design for the final user experience.
• These are the emerging discipline in the web development process.

23. Technology Implementation:
• Implementing the idea requires specialized knowledge like language,
protocols, coding, debugging, testing, and maintenance.

24. Concrete Design:
• Identify the details of interfaces, navigation, information, and visual design.

25. Project Management:
• Integrate all the above steps controlled and drive the entire team towards the
completion of the project.

26. Planning and Process Development:
• Websites are developed by a group of experts called a web team to fulfill requirements
of other groups of people.
• Members are key to successful web projects.
• You need to develop a moderate site such as content experts, information
architects, technical experts, graphic designer, writers and finally a supervisor.
• Your site is successful it meets the expectations and needs of target audience.
• The people who will to evaluate your site are not involved in web design.
• So, you should plan the entire set of tasks carefully.
• Through the exact task may vary, following are basic tasks that you should follow:

27. • Information Gathering
• Planning
• Design
• Development
• Testing and Delivery
• Maintenance

28. Information Gathering:
• 1st step of creating any web project.
o Purpose
o Goals
o Target audience
o Content

29. Planning:
• The information gathered in a phase I for develop a site map.
• A site map is a list of main topics of website and sub topics.
o It is essential to develop a consistent.
o Easy to understand navigation system.
• Helps to develop the rest of system easily.

31. Design:
• We determine the look and feel are major factors to decide this website for target
audience.
• Example:
• A site meant for young people should have a different look and feel from a site like
banking applications.

32. Development:
• Our website is actually created with the help of relevant technologies.
• Web designers use prototypes before developing the actual content.
• The development starts from home page followed by a ‘skeleton’ for interior pages.
• Skeleton Template for entire website.
• Once skeleton is developed, developers can develop other pages.

34. Testing and Delivery:
• Before the website is delivered, it is tested extensively.
• It includes testing of complete functionality of scripts and forms and other elements.
• You should also deal with compatibility issues, optimization, etc.

35. Maintenance:
• Website development is a continuous process.
• You can provide newer and newer content, update information / different look and feel
from time to time to attract your visitors.