1. Geography, Ecology, and
demography of Chandigarh
BY-Dhroovbragta

2. Chandigarh
1. Chandigarh is an union territory in India that serves
a common capital for both Punjab and Haryana.
2. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the
north, west and south, and to the state of Haryana to
the east.
3. It is located 260 km (162 miles) north of New Delhi,
229 km (143 miles) southeast of Amritsar and just
116 km (72 miles) southwest of Shimla.
4. It was one of the early planned cities in post-
independence India and is internationally known for
its architecture and urban design.

3. Etymology
1. The name Chandigarh is
a portmanteau of Chandi and Garh.
2. Chandi refers to Hindu goddess Chandi,
the warrior Avatar of Goddess Parvati,
and Garh means home.
3. The name is derived from Chandi Mandir,
an ancient temple devoted to
the Hindu Goddess Chandi, near the city
in Panchkula District.

4. Location
1. Chandigarh is located near the foothills of
the Sivalik range of the Himalayas in
northwest India.
2. It covers an area of approximately 114 km2 .
3. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of
Chandigarh are 30.74°N 76.79°E.
4. The surrounding cities
are Mohali, Patiala, Zirakpur and Roopnagar in
Punjab, Panchkula, and Ambala in Haryana.

5. Climate
1. Chandigarh has a humid subtropical climate.
2. Characterized by a seasonal rhythm: very hot
summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and
great variation in temperature (−1 °C to 46 °C
OR 30.2 °F to 114 °F).
3. The city also receives occasional winter rains
from the Western Disturbance originating over
the Mediterranean Sea.

6. Ecosystem
1. Most of Chandigarh is covered by
dense banyan and eucalyptus plantations.
2. Deer, sambars, barking deer,
parrots, woodpeckers and peacocks inhabi
t the protected forests.
3. Sukhna Lake hosts a variety of ducks and
geese, and attracts migratory birds from
parts of Siberia and Japan in the winter
season.

7. State Animal, Bird and Tree of Chandigarh
ANIMAL
Indian Grey Mongoose
BIRD
Indian Grey Hornbill
TREE
Mango Tree

8. Demographics
1. As of 2011 India census, Chandigarh had a
population of 1,055,450, making for a
density of about 9,252 (7,900 in 2001)
persons per square kilometer.
2. Males constitute 55% of the population
and females 45%.
3. The sex ratio is 818 females for every
1,000 males–which is the third lowest in
the country.

9. Languages
1. English is the sole official language of
Chandigarh.
2. The majority of the population
speaks Hindi (67.53%) while Punjabi is
spoken by 27.89%.
3. Government schools
use English, Hindi and Punjabi textbooks.

10. Thank You!