options call put continuous compounding effective annual rate present present value of an annuity annuity future value of a sum pv value finance annual percentage rate fv present value double your money interest rate future value of an annuity time compounding apr present value of a sum future time value of money rule of 72 future value money corporate finance discounting interest ear tvm variance operational risk volatility portfolio theory risk covariance var markowitz harry markowitz value at risk credit risk weight correlation market risk standard deviation portfolio corporate bond capital loss zero coupon bond sinking fund municipal bond treasury bill convertible bond maturity foreign currency treasury bonds standard and poor's capital gain moody's default risk foreign bond treasury note treasury bond putable bond put provision embedded option coupon rate default face value callable call provision coupon discount rate callable bond spread bear spread covered call strip combination protective put strap strangle butterfly spread bull spread straddle calls greeks gamma puts rho delta theta vega futures derivative securities foreign exchange forwards hedging swaps derivatives
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