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4 holocaust

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4 holocaust

  1. 1. ’n Les in VERDRAAGSAAMHEID Mag dit nooit weer plaasvind nie … Joodse Volksmoord/Holocaust
  2. 2. Holocaust (hol·o·caust): n -    1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire 2. Greek word that means burnt whole or consumed by fire
  3. 3. Holocaust Slagoffers …  6 miljoen Jode 1.5 miljoen kinders jonger as 12 jaar  “Ander onnodige mense” 5 miljoen
  4. 4. Omstandighede in Duitsland aan die einde van WW1  Duitsland was ’n verslane nasie  Vredesooreenkoms se vereistes  Aandelebeurs se val  Nazi’s en Duitsers is nie dieselfde nie  Nazi Party  Duitse burgers
  5. 5. Photo credit: USHMM Photo Archives courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives Adolf Hitler
  6. 6. Opkoms van die Nazi Party courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives Hitler se beloftes Beter lewe Grootheid van die Duitse nasie Rasse- suiwerheid Hitler Jeugparade
  7. 7. aan die BEGIN … Die Neuremberg-wetteDie Neuremberg-wette … ontneem alle regte van die JODE
  8. 8. “Jy mag nie as ’n JOOD tussen ons leef nie.”
  9. 9. “Jy het geen regte as jy tussen ons leef nie.”
  10. 10. “Jy het geen reg om te leef nie!” Photo credit: Leopold Page Photographic Collection
  11. 11. 1936-OLIMPIESE SPELE Duitse BURGERS SALUEER ADOLF HITLER
  12. 12. Photo credits: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives Kristallnacht “Nag van gebreekte glas”
  13. 13. Familie word in ’n GHETTO ingedwing
  14. 14. Jode word oorgeplaas na ’n konsentrasiekamp
  15. 15. Ironiese ingang van Auschwitz “WERK SAL JOU VRY MAAK”
  16. 16. Lewe in die kamp  Die jong, gesonde, en diegene met vaardighede is deur die kampamptenare gestuur na ’n kamp. In die kamp is hul koppe geskeer en hulle is oorgeplaas na oorvol kasernes. Hulle het ’n nommer en ’n eenvormige hemp en broek, wat lyk soos ’n swart-en-wit gestreepte pajama gegee om te dra. .
  17. 17. Photo credit: German National Archives
  18. 18. Brille !!!!!!
  19. 19. Fanatisme Intimidasie Swartskaap Rassisme HAAT Blaam Stereotipes VOOROORDELE VERDRAAGSAAMHE ID Wraak
  20. 20. GEWETE En MOED
  21. 21. Volksmoorde voor 1900
  22. 22. Was daar enige ander volksmoorde na die HOLOCAUST?  Holocaust verwys spesifiek na die JOODSE VOLKSMOORD  VOLKSMOORD – massamoord van ’n groep mense  1988 Koerdiese volksmoord in Turkye en Irak  1990 Rwandese volksmoord in Afrika  1991–1995 Bosniese volksmoorde in Europa Mag dit nooit weer gebeur nie …
  23. 23. •Die woord genocide het ontstaan te midde van die Holocaust. •DEFINISIE: • Dade wat gepleeg word met die doel om te vernietig, totaal of gedeeltelik, nasionaal, etnies, ras of godsdienstige groepe. Genocide/Rassemoordgeno – beteken RAS cide – beteken moord/doodmaak
  24. 24. Die belangrikste volksmoorde/ genocides gedurende die 20 ste eeu 1. Die Herero-volksmoord , Namibië, 1904-05 Dodetal: 60 000 (3/4 van die Herero’s) 2. Die Armeense volksmoord, Ottoman Empire, 1915-23 Dodetal: Tot 1.5 miljoen 3. Die Oekraïnse volksmoord , 1932-1933 Dodetal: 7 miljoen 4. Die Nanking-volksmoord 1937-1938 Dodetal: 300 000 (50% van die bevolking) 5. Die Holocaust, Europa, 1942-45 Dodetal: 6 miljoen 6. Chinese uitwissing, 1949-1958 Dodetal : 27 miljoen 7. Die Kambodiaanse volksmoord, 1975-79 Dodetal: 2 miljoen
  25. 25. 8. Oos-Timor-volksmoord, 1975-1999 Dodetal: 120 000 (20% van die bevolking) 9. Die Maja-volksmoord, Guatemala, 1981-83 Dodetal: Duisende mense 10. Irak, 1988 Dodetal: 50-100 000 11. Die Bosniese volksmoord, 1991-1995 Dodetal: 8 000 12. Die Rwandese volksmoord, 1994 Dodetal: 800 000 13. Die Darfur-volksmoord, 2003-2016 Dodetal: 800 000 mense?
  26. 26. 1. Namibië, 1904-1905  Onder Duitse beheer as Suidwes-Afrika.  Duitse luitenant-generaal Lothar von Trotha het gesê: “I wipe out rebellious tribes with streams of blood and streams of money. Only following this cleansing can something new emerge’.”  Op 2 Oktober 1904,  vaardig von Trotha ’n diskreet uit dat die Herero in die streek uitgewis moet word.  800 000 sterf.
  27. 27. Die Herero’s was herders wat gedurende die 17de en 18de eeu na die streek getrek het. Die Duitsers het die gebied gedurende die 18de eeu beset en die Herero- gebied doodeenvoudig by hulle afgevat. Verskeie opstande teen die Duitsers het tussen 1904 en 1907 plaasgevind wat uitgeloop het op die dekreet wat uitgevaardig is – vier/vyfdes van die Herero’s het hul lewens verloor.
  28. 28. 2. Die Armeense volksmoord, 1915-1918 Die VSA-ambassadeur in die Ottomaanse Ryk, Henry Morgenthau, het die volgende oor ’n Turkse optrede teen die Armeneers na die VSA gekabel: “Persecution of Armenians assuming unprecedented proportions. Reports from widely scattered districts indicate systematic attempt to uproot peaceful Armenian populations and through arbitrary arrests, terrible tortures, whose-sale expulsions and deportations from one end of the Empire to the other accompanied by frequent instances of rape, pillage, and murder turning into massacre, to bring destruction and destitution on them.” The documentary, The Armenian Genocide aired on PBS in April, 2006.
  29. 29.  Die volksmoord het tussen 1915 tot 1918 plaasgevind. Armeense mans, wat in ongewapende arbeidsgroepe werksaam was, is verwyder en vermoor. Die ander mans is verwyder van die karavane en vermoor. Vroue en kinders is verdryf en moes vlug, selfs oor berge. Hulle is verder verkrag en vermink. Meer as 1,5 miljoen het gesterf.
  30. 30. 3. Die Oekraïeniese hongersnood/volksmoord, 1932- 1933  Joseph Stalin, die leier van die USSR,  Begin met ’n proses wat hongersnood in die Oekraïne veroorsaak het om die inwoners te dood. Die mense wou nie hom ondersteun met sy beleid nie.  Resultaat:  7 000 000 het gesterf
  31. 31. In 1932 wou Stalin sy eerste vyfjaarplan in werking stel waartydens groot kollektiewe plase geskep moes word. Die inwoners was fanaties teen die plan aangesien hulle hulle eie plasies sou veloor. Stalin het ’n wet uitgevaardig waarvolgens die kleinboere sekere kwotas moes bereik en voedsel kon bekom as hulle nie die kwota bereik nie. Teen die herfs van 1933 het ongeveer 25 000 mense per dag gesterf. Meer as 7 miljoen mense het gesterf. Voor 1932 het die gebied bekend gestaan as die “broodmandjie” van Europa. .
  32. 32. 4. Nanking-volksmoord, 1937-1938  In Desember 1937 het die Japanese Weermag die Chinese stad NANKING beset. Hulle het dadelik begin om meer as 300 000 van die 600 000 mense dood te maak.  Die ses weke van moorde het die volksmoord die naam gegee van RAPE of NANKING. Sekerlik een van die monsteragtigste optredes tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog Twee Japanese offisiere wat probeer het om te kyk wie die vinnigste 100 mense met hul swaarde kon doodmaak.
  33. 33. 5. HOLOCAUST
  34. 34. 6. Chinese volksmoord, 1949-1958 “October 1, 1949 marked Mao Tse-tung’s proclamation of the People's Republic of China.” Meer as 27 miljoen Chinese sterf
  35. 35. 1 Oktober 1949 dui die datum aan waarop Mao Tse-tung sy berugte proklamasie oor die kulturele lewe van die Chinese lewenstyl beheer het. Hierdie wet het gaandeweg die tradisionele Chinese lewe sistematies vernietig. Een van sy hoofdoelstellings was om die kleinboere se plase totaal te vernietig en te vervang met groot kollektiewe plase. In 1958, het hy sy plan “ Groot Sprong Vorentoe” bekend gestel. Hierdie plan het berus op die beginsel dat die beplande sake nou baie vinnig toegepas moes word. Die “Groot Sprong Vorentoe” het die Chinese landboustelsel vernietig en in die daaropvolgende hongersnood het meer as 27 miljoen Chinese gesterf.
  36. 36. 7. Kambodja , 1975-1979 •The Killing Fields • Verskeie plekke in Kambodja is duisende mense vermoor en begrawe deur die Kommunistiese regime van Khmer Rouge, wat aan bewind was tussen 1975- 1979. Een van Khmer se uitsprake: “To spare you is no profit, to destroy you is no loss.” Die volksmoord is in 1979 beëindig toe die kommunistiese Viëtnam die land beset het.
  37. 37. 8. Die Oos-Timor-volksmoord, 1975-1999 Die Indoniese inval in Oos-Timor in Desember 1975 het die tafel gedek vir ’n lang, bloedige en slegte besetting van die gebied wat eers in 1999 beëindig is deur ’n internasionale Vredesmag van die VN. Meer as 120 000 mense het gesterf.
  38. 38. Die MAJA-volksmoord, Guatemala 1981-83 In die woorde van die VN-verslag van die burgeroorlog in 1999: “The Army’s perception of Mayan communities as natural allies of the guerrillas contributed to increasing and aggravating the human rights violations perpetrated against them, demonstrating an aggressive racist component of extreme cruelty that led to extermination en masse of defenseless Mayan communities, including children, women and the elderly, through methods whose cruelty has outraged the moral conscience of the civilized world.”
  39. 39. 10. Irak, 1988 Die Anfal Campaign teen die Koerda was ’n sistematiese en doelbewuste moord van ten minste 50 000, maar moontlik 100 000 Koerde was die resultaat. Dit was die kulminasie van ’n lang strategie van die regring om die “Koerde-problem” op te los. Halabja (Maart 1988) was een van die hoofstukke van die tragedie, maar hier is chemiese wapens gebruik om Koerdiese burgers te vermoor.
  40. 40. 11. Bosniese volksmoord, 1991-1995 Bosnië was deel van die Ottomaanse Ryk, maar het in 1878 deel van die Oostenryks- Hongaarse Ryk geword. Na WO 1 is Bosnië verenig met die Slawiese gebiede en het die staat Joego-Slawië gevorm. Die Serwiese regering is gevestig in die stad Belgrade. Joego-Slawië het egter in 1991 gedisintegreer . In 1992 het daar konflik ontstaan tussen die drie belangrikste etniese groepe, Serwiërs, Kroate en die Moslems. Die resultaat was dat die SERWIËRS ’n volksmoord gepleeg het teen die Moslems in Bosnië.
  41. 41.  In die republiek van Bosnië-Herzegowina het die Serwiërs ’n volksmoord teen die Bosniese Moslems gepleeg. In die laat 1980’s is ’n Serwiër met die naam van Slobodan Milosevic as president verkies. In 1992 het hy ’n “etniese skoonmaak”- wet aanvaar in Bosnië wat hoofsaaklik Moslem-inwoners het en slegs 32% van die bevolking Serwiërs is. Bosnië het homself onafhanklik verklaar en Milosevic het die hoofstad Sarajewo aangeval. Sy sluipskutters het selfs burgerlikes doodgeskiet . Die Bosniese Moslems is oorweldig en bymekaar gemaak deur die Serwe. Massamoorde was aan die orde van die dag , en seuns en mans is konsentrasiekampe toe gestuur. Die Serwe het die Moslem- famlies aangeval deur die vroue op grootskaal te verkrag. Meer as 200 000 Moslems is vermoor en 2 miljoen van hulle moes vlug.
  42. 42. 12. Rwanda, 1994 800 000 Tutsis is binne 3 maande vermoor. Die internasionale wêreld het dit dopgehou, MAAR niks daaraan gedoen nie.
  43. 43.  In April 1994 het die etniese groep HUTU’s, wat swaar gewapen was, op grootskaal begin om TUTU’S dood te maak. Vir meer as 100 dae het die HUTU’s probeer om alle TUTU’S dood te maak. Die Rwandese staatsradio is beheer deur die HUTU- ekstrimiste. Die radiostasie het deurlopend die Hutus’s aangemoedig om die Tutu’s uit te wis en selfs die wegkruipplekke van die Tutus’s aangedui. In Julie 1994 is die Tutu’s verslaan, maar teen daardie tyd het meer as 800 000 mense alreeds gesterf.
  44. 44. 13. Darfur vanaf 2003 tot vandag toe  Is dit ’n volksmoord? Meer as 1 miljoen alreeds gesterf  Waarom het die internasionale wêreld nog niks gedoen nie?
  45. 45.  Grootskaalse geweld en destruksie is alreeds vanaf 2003 in die Darfur-streek van Soedan aan die orde van die dag. Die Janjaweed wat deur die Soedanese regering ondersteun word, is op ’n beplande kampanje van verkragting, moorde, hongersnood en vlugtelinge veroorsaak.  Enigiets van tussen 400 000 en 1 miljoen mense het al gesterf en meer as 2,5 miljoen mense moes al vlug. Die meeste van hulle leef in vlugtelingkampe waar die basiese voedsel, skuilings, sanitasie en gesondheidsgeriewe ontbreek. 
  46. 46. First They Came for the Jews By Pastor Martin Niemöller First they came for the Jews and I did not speak out — because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the communists and I did not speak out — because I was not a communist. Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out — because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me — and by then there was no one left to speak out for me.
  47. 47. Auschwitz-Birkenau Wees verdaag- saam en laat die HOLOCAUS T dien as ’n les wat nooit weer moet plaasvind nie.

Notes de l'éditeur

  • SLIDE 11 – RISE OF NAZI PARTY
     
    Hitler talked about 3 things.
    Economy – promised people they would all have jobs, they would then have money, and life would be much better.
    Germany would once again become a prosperous nation and take its place among the nations of the world.
    Racial purity – he believed that the Aryan people were superior people.
    An Aryan, according to Hitler, was a native-born German; who was white, blond, blue-eyed, handsome and very intelligent. Interestingly enough, Hitler was physically the opposite –dark hair and dark eyes.
    Hitler thought the Aryan people were the people who were going to rule Germany and eventually the world.
    Hitler would then talk about those people he considered to be inferior people, and the Jews were at the top of the list.
    Jews made up less than 1% of the total population of Germany, yet Hitler blamed the Jews for everything bad that happened to Germany (World War I, and the bad economy.) The Jews became Hitler’s scapegoats.
    Anti-Semiticism – hatred of anything or anyone Jewish.
  • SLIDE 13 – “YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO LIVE AMONG US AS JEWS.”
     
    Having to wear yellow stars on clothing.
  • SLIDE 16 – PICTURES OF 1936 OLYMPICS
    3 short years after Hitler became Germany’s dictator – he has strong allegiance of the German People.
    Olympics were held in Berlin and Hitler made sure that his champion athletes were examples of his “Aryan” nation. An African-American named Jesse Owens defeated Hitler’s prized athletes in the Track and Field events, winning 4 gold medals including the 400 meter relay.
    Interestingly enough, the only reason why Jesse Owens ran in the relay was because American officials pulled all of our Jewish-American athletes as to not offend the Nazi party.
  • SLIDE 17 – KRISTALLNACHT - Sound of breaking glass automatically plays.
    “Night of Crystal” or “Night of Broken Glass” – a government organized riot.
    A form of terrorism.
    Kristallnacht was the name given to the first major attack on the Jewish population of Germany and Austria on November 9-10, 1938. The proclaimed objective of the Nazi regime was to rid Europe of its Jewish population. In November 1938, following the assassination of a German diplomat in Paris by a young Jewish student trying desperately to help his parents obtain visas to return to their homeland, all synagogues in Germany were set on fire, windows of Jewish shops were smashed, and thousands of Jews were arrested. The “Night of Broken Glass” (Kristallnacht) was a signal to Jews in Germany and Austria to leave as soon as possible. Several hundred thousand people were able to find refuge in other countries, but a similar number, including many who were old or poor, stayed to face an uncertain fate.
    November 8, 1938, at an annual celebration at a beer hall, Hitler was overheard telling Goebbels, Hitler’s Chief of Propaganda, that the “SA should have a fling”
    The event was described as a “spontaneous” outrage of German anger against the Jewish population because of the murder of the German diplomat. It also served as “proof” that the Jews were depicted honestly in the Nazi propaganda campaign. Nazi offices all over Germany were given specific details as to what to do during this progrom: burn synagogues, smash windows of Jewish businesses, ransack Jewish businesses and homes, and arrest all Jewish males, taking them to concentration camps. Over one hundred Jews were killed that night; others were subjected to torture. An estimated 20,000 children were left homeless and fatherless by the destruction of Kristallnacht and imprisonment of Jewish men.
  • SLIDE 20 – STAR OF DAVID
     
    Badges helped Nazis keep track of Jews and others not only in prison camps but also in communities across Nazi-controlled territory.
    The badges people wore were mandated and had nothing to do with any personal choices they had made.
  • SLIDE 23 - PEOPLE BEING RESETTLED TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS
     
    Whenever the Nazi officials in charge decided, a certain number of ghetto residents were ordered to report to rail stations for resettlement/relocation somewhere else.
    Thinking that life could only be better away from the disease-ridden ghettos, victims willingly accepted resettlement.
    In order to avoid panic in the ghettos, the Nazis allowed families to travel together to the death camps. This is one of many examples of mind games played by the Nazis for cooperation .
  • SLIDE 25 - PEOPLE LOADING ON TO TRAINS
     
    Trains used to transport the Jews to the camps.
    Boxcars built to hold 8 horses or 40 people were used to transport no fewer than 100 people, often as many as 200 people, were jammed into a boxcar
    Crowded conditions – You could not sit down; no food, no water, no lights and no bathrooms. The people who were crushed to death were left on board with the living until the boxcar reached the camp.
    The only fresh air came from a small vent at one end of the boxcar or a small window at the other end.
    The train rides could last days.
    Thousands died - because the people coming from the ghettos were already malnourished or diseased and could not survive the transport.
  • SLIDE 27 - CAMP ENTRANCE: "ARBEIT MACHT FREI“ – “Work Will Set You Free” 
    Above the gated-entry into the camp was a slogan - "Arbeit Macht Frei" which means "Work will set you free." While the Nazis did use some prisoners as slave laborers, killing was the major goal of this camp. Another mind game example.
    Once they were separated by sex, the victims waited in long lines to be checked by a doctor. He decided who would go to the gas chambers.
    Old people, sick people, women with children under 14, and all pregnant women were told to remove their clothing and then they were led to the shower rooms which were actually the gassing chambers. Guards threw canisters into the "showers" which exploded. At the end of 15 minutes, if the guard saw no one standing, doors were opened, bodies removed and an exhaust fan cleaned the bad air before the next group of people were brought in.
    Before the bodies were taken to the crematorium, a person's head was shaved and all dental work was removed. Then the bodies were placed in the ovens to burn.
  • These behaviors are examples of the OPPOSITE of tolerance.
    (Click to the word tolerance)
    What is tolerance? Acceptance of differences – acceptance of what we don’t understand. Celebrating the differences among us. Tolerance is a 2-way street – we tolerate differences (religious, political, cultural, etc.) and others tolerate that which is different in us.
  • It is essential that Conscience and Courage go hand in hand. Conscience on its own will give us a strong sense of what is right or wrong. But unless conscience is followed by courage, we do not feel compelled to speak out against the injustices we witness – we are a bystander.
    Courage without conscience could cause us to use our energy and strength to follow a path of evil – we are a perpetrator.
    If we evaluate our decisions, check in with our conscience and then exhibit the courage to stand up for what is right, even if it means being unpopular or challenging the majority, every one of us can help improve our society in the move towards increased tolerance – we are a rescuer.
    If desired, you can lead a discussion about Conscience and Courage .
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