2. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Project planning, programming &Project planning, programming &
scheduling is about estimating andscheduling is about estimating and
managing the cost, time, quality, safety,managing the cost, time, quality, safety,
etc.etc.
Management of a construction firmManagement of a construction firm
determine exactly how long each aspect ofdetermine exactly how long each aspect of
a project should take to complete.a project should take to complete.
A realistic time estimate ‘programme’ forA realistic time estimate ‘programme’ for
the entire development process is a keythe entire development process is a key
factor for project duration time.factor for project duration time.
3. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
As the project progress managementAs the project progress management
team constantly monitor progress againstteam constantly monitor progress against
the original time plan;the original time plan;
Planning and programming is aboutPlanning and programming is about
recovery of lost time;recovery of lost time;
Recommending management action inRecommending management action in
order to maintain programme (time, cost,order to maintain programme (time, cost,
quality, safety, etc).quality, safety, etc).
4. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Tender PlanningTender Planning
Tender planning is the first phase of any project.Tender planning is the first phase of any project.
It is important to generate a plan covering items such as:It is important to generate a plan covering items such as:
clear project directionclear project direction
budget and schedule before proceeding to avoid makingbudget and schedule before proceeding to avoid making
costly mistakes and causing delayscostly mistakes and causing delays
Tender programmesTender programmes
Feasibility StudiesFeasibility Studies
Budget GenerationBudget Generation
Design ManagementDesign Management
Value EngineeringValue Engineering
5. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
On the other hand programming is about:On the other hand programming is about:
Construction programmes for all siteConstruction programmes for all site
activitiesactivities
Package and Procurement programmesPackage and Procurement programmes
for each element of worksfor each element of works
Overall design and ProcurementOverall design and Procurement
programmesprogrammes
As built programmesAs built programmes
Critical path analysisCritical path analysis
6. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
So far:
Once the basic planning and preparation of the
master plan are complete, management should
work on:
plans, specifications and cost estimates
tender documents
selection of contractor and award of work
construction activities
project management and control
handing over for commissioning
7. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Appropriate construction technology
The choice of building materials has an effect
both on cost and length of construction.
Locally available materials
Traditional building techniques should be given
priority.
They are usually cheaper and more accessible.
Selection of materials and future maintenance
must be considered during design stages.
8. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Building materials should be:
economical
durable
easy to clean
and to maintain or replace.
They should also be easy to handle on the
site and to replace in case of breakage or
damage.
9. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
The designer must choose:
(1) the type of construction of the project:
indigenous technology
on-site methods
prefabricated modules and components
assembled on site
Or a combination of prefabricated components
and on-site construction.
(2) the level of technology: low, medium or high.
10. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Construction technology should take in to
consideration factors such as:
conditions of site
time constraints
availability of labour and raw materials
construction equipment and any other related
factors.
Whenever possible:
Methods adopted should be within the capability
of local manpower and resources.
11. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Consideration of innovative methods when
possible
Issue of sustainability
If design professionals are brought in, they
should work in association with:
local architects
engineers so that there is a transfer of
knowledge in the area.
12. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Tendering
general conditions of contract
technical specifications
tender drawings
bill of quantities.
13. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
General conditions of contract
This should consist of:
cover or title sheet
index
instructions to bidders
bidding form
form of agreement
performance bond and bidding bond forms
description of the site
Client CDM
Cost matrix.
14. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
2) Technical specifications
These should supplement the drawings to
provide a full description on:
capacities
workmanship
finishes and other characteristics of all
materials and equipment
codes of practices and standards
16. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
The basic Management Principles described byThe basic Management Principles described by
Henri Fayol are:Henri Fayol are:
To planTo plan
To organiseTo organise
To co-ordinateTo co-ordinate
To controlTo control
To leadTo lead
The function of Project Management in moreThe function of Project Management in more
detail; are:detail; are:
brief formulationbrief formulation
17. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
client organisationclient organisation
approval powersapproval powers
Design Project Organisation such as:Design Project Organisation such as:
organisation chartorganisation chart
decision pointdecision point
relationshipsrelationships
feed backfeed back
18. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Integrate Client into the projectIntegrate Client into the project
Client organisation integrated into projectClient organisation integrated into project
organisationorganisation
People responsibilitiesPeople responsibilities
Decision processesDecision processes
Selection and appointment of contributorsSelection and appointment of contributors
Identify contributorsIdentify contributors
Identify input requiredIdentify input required
Identify when input required and durationIdentify when input required and duration
Record types of appointmentRecord types of appointment
19. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Full brief formulation processFull brief formulation process
Establish need, budget, cost plan, cost limit,Establish need, budget, cost plan, cost limit,
procurement route, start value engineeringprocurement route, start value engineering
Programme formulationProgramme formulation
The overall project programmeThe overall project programme
The phase or stage programmeThe phase or stage programme
The design programmeThe design programme
The procurement programmeThe procurement programme
The construction programmeThe construction programme
The commissioning programmeThe commissioning programme
20. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Activation of the relationships betweenActivation of the relationships between
contributorscontributors
Ensure contributors are brought in, andEnsure contributors are brought in, and
integrated into the project organisationintegrated into the project organisation
Ensure contributors can perform asEnsure contributors can perform as
requiredrequired
Establish appropriate information andEstablish appropriate information and
communication structure by establishing acommunication structure by establishing a
full project procedures manual containing;full project procedures manual containing;
21. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Description of formal communicationDescription of formal communication
cannelcannel
Change requests and instructionsChange requests and instructions
Drawings frameworkDrawings framework
Co-ordination project information systemCo-ordination project information system
Address index of all contributorsAddress index of all contributors
Convening and chairing meetings ofConvening and chairing meetings of
contributors at all stagescontributors at all stages
Judging the need and frequencyJudging the need and frequency
22. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Monitoring and controllingMonitoring and controlling
Pro-active rolePro-active role
Obtaining feedback and under takingObtaining feedback and under taking
analysisanalysis
Testing outcomes to objectives and takingTesting outcomes to objectives and taking
corrective actioncorrective action
ForecastingForecasting
Integrating and controlling contributorsIntegrating and controlling contributors
23. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Contribution to primary and key decisionsContribution to primary and key decisions
Information/advice/reports/recommendationInformation/advice/reports/recommendation
To assist clients in decision makingTo assist clients in decision making
Managing completionManaging completion
Commissioning programmeCommissioning programme
Training of userTraining of user
As built drawings-user maintenanceAs built drawings-user maintenance
manualsmanuals
Strategy for occupation or disposalStrategy for occupation or disposal
24. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMINGPLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Evaluation of outcomesEvaluation of outcomes
Success in achieving objectivesSuccess in achieving objectives
The final feedback loopThe final feedback loop