Disaster preparedness and mitigation
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UG class ppt on disaster management and prevention in India.
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Disaster preparedness and mitigation
- 2. 1.Introduction 2.Recent Indian Disasters (disasters in India) 3.Disaster Management Framework 4.Mitigation measures 5.Preparedness measures 6.Disaster Preparedness in Pondicherry 7.Conclusion Contents
- 3. Disaster “Any occurrence, that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area” WHO
- 4. Fig.1.India Climatic Disasters Risk Map 12% Earthquake 60% Source;Wikipedia- Disasters in India
- 5. Disaster management in India - MHA Floods in India 2005 Maharashtra 1094 deaths,167 injured 2006 Mumbai 3,390,000people affected 2008 North Bihar 527 Deaths 19323 livestock perished 3329423 affected 2010 Ladakh 255 deaths 133 crores - damages 2011 Orissa 45 deaths 35 lakhs people affected 2012 Brahmaputra floods 124 deaths (Assam) 514 animals deaths
- 6. Earthquakes in India 1. 1905 - Himachal Pradesh - 20,000 deaths 2. 1934 - Bihar - 5000 deaths 3. 1993 - Maharashtra - 7,928 deaths - 30,000 injured 4. 2001 - Gujarat - 25,000 deaths - 6.3 million affected 5. 2005 - Kashmir - 86,000 deaths 6. 2011 - Sikkim - 60 deaths - 710 injured Disaster management in India - MHA
- 7. Cyclones in India 1. 1977 Andhra Pradesh 10,000 deaths 40,000 cattle deaths 40%India’sfood grains 2 . 1999 Orissa Super Cyclone 10,000 deaths 4.5 billion damages 3. 2008 Cyclone Nisha 204 Deaths $800 million damages 4. 2011 Thane Cyclone 41 deaths 343 cattle deaths 3,65,882 houses damaged 5. 2012 Neelam Cyclone 65 deaths 55 million damages (TN,AP) Disaster management in India - MHA
- 8. Tsunami in India • 2004 TN, Kerala, Andhra, 10,749 deaths Pondicherry, 2.79 million people affected A&N islands 11,827 crops damaged Disaster management in India - MHA
- 9. Droughts in India 1972 Maharashtra 200 million people affected 1987 Haryana 300 million people affected 2009 Karnataka Agriculture crop loss (202 crores loss) The Great famine – 1876 - 5.5 million deaths The Indian famine – 1896 - 1.25-10 million deaths
- 10. The Bhopal gas tragedy on the night of 3 December, 1984, killed 15,274 people. But those who were yet to be born, were left with a life worse than death.Hindustan Times,2013
- 11. Classification of Disasters Disasters Natural Manmade Human causation either accidental or intended Any event of force of nature, due to environmental factors
- 12. Natural Disasters 1. Floods 2. Cyclones 3. Tsunamis 4. Drought 5. Tornadoes & Hurricanes 6. Hailstorm 7. Heat Wave & Cold Wave 8. Cloud burst 9. Snow Avalanches 10. Sea Erosion 1. Epidemics 2. Pest attacks 3. Food Poisoning 4. Cattle epidemics 1. Earthquakes 2. Landslides 3. Mudflows 4. Dam failures Water and climate related Biologically related Geologically related HPC Report-2009
- 13. Manmade Disasters 1. Transport accidents 2. Boat capsizing 3. Electrical disasters& fires 3. Forest fires 4. Urban fires 5. Village fires 6. Major building collapse 7. Serial bomb blasts 8. Mine disasters 9. Festival related 1. Chemical & Industrial Disasters 2. Nuclear Disasters Accident related Chemical ,industrial and nuclear related HPC Report-2009
- 14. Effects of major disasters 1. Injuries, Deaths 2. Damage to the health facilities 3. Damage to the water systems 4. Population movements 5. Food shortage 6. Interruption in Public Health Services 7. Increased risk of communicable diseases 8. 2% loss of GDP (World Bank Report 2003)
- 15. 1. Hazards cannot be prevented 2. Impacts can be reduced 3. Several inadequacies in the system 4. Need of preparedness at any time 5. Disaster Management Act 2005 Need of Institutional framework for Disaster Management
- 16. Legal and Institutional Framework Disaster Management Act 2005 NDMA SDMA DDMA NEC SEC Ministry of Home Affairs NIDM NDRF Capacity building Response purpose Planning, coordinating & implementing bodies
- 19. Responsibilities of various Ministries in Wake of Disasters
- 20. Mitigation 1. Floods 2. Earthquake 3. Cyclone 4. Tsunami 5. Drought According to Disaster Management Act 2005, “Mitigation means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or a threatening disaster situation”.
- 21. 1. Flood 2. Earthquake 3. Drought 4. Cyclone GROUP ACTIVITY You have received an alert!! plan for before and after disaster..
- 22. Flood Earthquake Drought Cyclone
- 23. Flood mitigation works in critical areas Provides financial assistance to State Govts Flood Management Programme Scheme,2007 Ministry of Water resources (11th plan) 311 flood management work schemes,19 states 1.33 billion hectares ,12.89 million people 1. Flood Mitigation measures
- 24. Flood Mitigation measures Farakka Barrage Dam in Srisailam Kosi Embankments
- 25. 1. National Core Group for Earthquake Mitigation 2. Assisting the states in appropriate BIS standards 3. Systems for training of engineers , architects 4. Evolving systems for training of masons 5. Carry out awareness generation campaigns 2. Earthquake Mitigation measures
- 26. 1. Earthquake Mitigation Project 2. Building Materials & technology Promotion Council 3. Evaluation and retrofitting of lifeline buildings 4. Hospitals, schools , cinema halls, multi-storied apartments 5. Financial assistance from Ministry of Finance Problem of existing buildings Earthquake Mitigation measures
- 27. Aim : Upgrade Cyclone Forecasting, warning Capacity Building Cyclone shelters, embankments Community mobilisation & training States Covered : Orissa, Andhra Pradesh Outcome Expected to benefit : 5.5 lakh people in Andhra Pradesh 5.6 lakh in Orissa 3. Cyclone Mitigation measures National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project
- 28. 1. Construction of Coastal walls 2. Mangrove plantation 3. Absorb tsunami energy 4. Naluvedapathy in TN - minimal damage, minimal deaths - forest of 80,244 trees 4. Tsunami Mitigation measures
- 29. Tsunami Mitigation Mangroves in Pichavaram Sand dunes in Tuticorin Protection wall in Kalpakkam
- 30. 1. Programmes to combat restore ecological balance 2. Drip irrigation systems 3. Construction of dams, embankments 4. Rain water harvesting 5. Drought Mitigation measures
- 31. Protection wall Irrigation canal Drought Mitigation measures Drip irrigation system
- 32. Preparedness encompasses all those measures taken before a disaster event which are aimed at minimizing loss of life, disruption of critical services and damage when the disaster occurs Preparedness Risk Assessment Adopts standards & regulations Communication, information & warning Ensure coordination & response mechanisms Creating Public awareness Disaster simulation exercises
- 33. supervises & controls relief operations main functionaries to coordinate relief operations State Relief Commissioner State Crisis Management Group Officers from Revenue, Civil supplies, Power,Irrigation,Water supply, Panchayat Chief Secretary Deputy Collectors Emergency Operation Centre State level Administration
- 34. -Tahsildar Type of preparedness Concerned departments Mobilization of relief materials Village disaster management committee District (District Collector) Contingency plan Talukas Villages District level Administration Implementation of contingency plans
- 35. Disasters Agencies Cyclone Indian Meteorological department Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information Services Floods Central water Commission Landslides Geological Survey of India Avalanches Snow and Avalanche Study establishment Disaster wise nodal agencies for Forecast
- 36. National EOC State EOC District EOC 1.Monitors the disasters 2.Advisories to the State Govt Receiving informations and communicating them to appropriate agencies Keep liaison with State Head Quarters Operationalising contingency plan Monitoring Relief Operations Emergency Operation Centres IMD CWC SASE
- 37. Disaster Response Force 1.National Disaster Response Force a. Up gradation of 10 Battalions b. All trained in natural disasters c. Each battalion – 18 teams, 45 personnel 2. Nearest Disaster Response Force – Chennai (Arakkonam) 3. Mock exercises, community awareness
- 38. Organisation of Medical setup State Chief Secretary District Collector District Hospital -curative -referral -outreach teams Medical team State level District level CMO Programme officers
- 39. 1. Sanitation services 2. Vector control measures 3. Disease surveillance system 4. Creating community awareness Public Health aspects of disaster management
- 40. 1. Community – first responders 2. Hazard awareness 3. Do not use telephone , except to call for help 4. Listen to radio/media for instructions 5. Carry out the official instructions 6. Keep a family emergency kit ready Creating Community awareness
- 41. Mitigation & Preparedness measures in Pondicherry
- 42. 1. Being prepared with financial assistance from NDMA & UNDP 2. At Panchayat / Ward level for all 4 regions 3. Risk Mapping and assessment of vulnerability 4. To be formulated to District & State Disaster Management Plan Disaster Management Plan
- 43. 1. Workshop conducted for finalization of Early Warning System 2. 279 Police Personnel imparted training 3. Orientation programme to all the Heads of departments 4. Training programme for Doctors, School Teachers 5. Training imparted for 150 Masons Activities under UNDP Disaster Risk Mitigation Programme
- 44. 1. Training of engineers to ensure seismically safer habitats 2. Establishment of system of training &certification of Engineers 3. Development of resource material for training 4. State Resource Institute - Pondicherry Engineering College 5. Trained 30 practicing Engineers 6. Purchased books for Rs.1 lakh National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers in earthquake risk management
- 45. 1. Issue for Tsunami watch, alert, warnings 2. Origin, time, location, magnitude of earthquake 3. Detecting all earthquake of more than 6 magnitude 4. Tsunami warning within 60 min of earthquake Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information System(INCOIS)
- 46. 1.Puducherry Decision Support System (PDSS) - Planning, decision making, response 2.Toll Free -Disaster Response Call Centre 3. Communication equipments Very High Frequency (VHF) Radio Sets Videoconferencing, Fax, telephones Emergency Operation Centre in Pondicherry
- 47. 1. Tsunami Mockdrill 2011 2. Chemfab Mock drill 2012 3. Cyclone mock drill 2013 Mock drills in Puducherry Chemfab Mock drill
- 48. Proposed future activities in Pondicherry 1. Construction of DM Training Institute 2. Training to all Revenue officials ,Village DM Teams 3. To extend PDSS to Mahe and Yanam 4. Provision of vehicles for the EOCs, Firka Task Forces &Taluks 5. Mobile EOC – 2 nos. (Pondicherry and Karaikal)
- 49. 1. JIPMER Fire Safety Preparedness Committee- 2011 2. JIPMER fire safety plan formulated 3. Fire safety orientation programmes - staff/faculty 4. 150 volunteers from various departments trained 5. Dedicated phone-6999 installed for fire alert Disaster Preparedness in JIPMER JIPMER Fire Safety
- 50. 7. Fire extinguishers-procured 8. Effective fire alarm systems 9. Signs for exits 10. Completed Fire drills at RCC , EMS, Admin.block JIPMER Fire Safety…
- 51. 1. Fire extinguishers-procured 2. PAS-public address system 3. Effective fire alarm system HLL –Final Stages 4. Signs for exits 5. Completed Fire drill at RCC ,EMS JIPMER Fire safety
Notes de l'éditeur
- Minister of Home Affairs - Sushil Kumar Shinde
- Hazard • Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment Vulnerability • The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards Vulnerable Populations Emergencies, especially those that occur in Nature, only become catastrophic events when they combine with vulnerability factors such as human settlements and population density. An earthquake occurring in a deserted area would be considered a natural hazard; but if it occurred in a mega city it would be recognized as a major disaster. Risk • The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihood, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerabilities
- India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions, Rajasthan,guj,maharashtra – drought prone, Bihar,orissa,mahara - floods
- Mumbai flood 2006…. heavy rain..inadeq capacity of rivers..inadeq drainage…poor permeability of soil….12% prone…23 states..diff in rainfall..heavy rainfall in one …. vulnerability to floods ..high poln..illiteracy..unemploy…poverty
- 60 % prone..1993 – latur earth…4 seismic zones acc to max intensity of earth quakes expected..4 zones.. modified mercalli intensity scale..zone 2-low damage risk zone.msk 6….3.-moderate damage risk..msk 7..zone 4..high ..msk 8…5..veryhigh damage..msk 9..,very active..zone 5.. northern part of bihar,uttarkhand,himachal,J&k,gujarat,A&Nw
- 5700 kms…recent and notable…Neelam- TN,AP…nisha –TN, Thane- pondy,cudd,panrut,chidam,viruda…. TN, Pondy,cuddalore )
- Following sumatra earthq….1941 – Andaman EQ….andaman tsunami..3000 dead…1945 ..makran EQ..started in Makran coast of arabian sea…tsunami reached mumbai..15 died 1945 – Makran EQ…it hit the fisherman comm..badly..extensive damages to houses,roads,bridges,power,hospitals,schools,
- 1972…maharashtra,bihar..A farmer looks towards the sky, while standing amidst his drought-stricken crop. ,maharashtra ....drought means.. 68% prone....almost every third year being a drought year.... .......agriclture..foodcrops...food,water...malnutrition..animal die..starvation The 1987 drought was one of the worst droughts of the century.....famine... widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including crop failure, population unbalance, or government policies
- 3000 affected with cancers ,kidney fiailure….1984..methyl iscyante…3000 dead…2 million people affected Measuress: built away from dense pop areas…app engineering and technological measures..building codes..containment of toxic materials.. Early warning if possible…..1986..chrnobyl nuclear power station..acccid.release of radio active material..I131,cs 134,sr-90..deposited more than 7 million curies of rafiactive material through out northern hemispher….park..3000 deaths,2 million affected
- A natural disaster is any event of force of nature that is caused by environmental factors that has catastrophic consequences
- fllods.>storm>epid>droght ….epid..1974.small…1994.plague.2009.swimwflu.1817.first cholera pandemic
- Transport >industrial
- Hazards cannot be prevented…but devastation and loss can be reduced to a great extent thro pre disaster activities…so DM occupies an important in the country policy framework..as it is the poor and under previliged who are the worst one affected on account of disasters…..scyclone in orissa and bhuj underscored the need to adopt
- ..supercyc 1999,..bhuj earthqu in 2001..underscored the need to adopt a multidisectoral approach for incorp of risk reduction in dev..strategiesAll natural disasters except drought, pest attacks and hailstorm will be handled by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Drought, pest- attacks and hailstorm will be dealt with by the Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation.
- It is evident from the spectrum of occurnce that adequate procedures to deal with disaster situations are necessary DM occupies an important place in country policy framework as it is poor and under previliged who are worst affected on account of disasters…response…search,rescue,firstaid,triage,….relief..food,cloth,shelters,..rehab…water,food safety,vector,sanitn,hygiene,
- The new approach proceeds from the conviction that development cannot be sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built into the development process.. The new policy also emanates from the belief that investments in mitigation are much more cost effective than expenditure on relief and rehabilitation.
- The Contingency Action Plan (CAP) Identifies initiatives to be taken by various Central Ministries and Public Dept. in the wake of natural calamities
- encompasses all measures taken to reduce both the effect of hazards itself and the vulnerable conditions in order to reduce the losses in a future disaster
- Ministry of water resources (11th plan – 2007-12-311 flood management work schemes, flood control..drainage dev..flood proofing works 1.33 billion hectares ,12.89 million people…Assam,Bihar,Goa,GujaratJ&k,keral,manipur,orissa,pondi,TN,Uttark,UP,WB 172 flood forecasting stations are ther
- Farakka barrage, Kosi embankment dam-barrier controlling flow of water: a barrier of concrete or earth that is built across a river or stream to obstruct or control the flow of water, especially in order to create a reservoir dike-embankment to prevent floods: an embankment built along the shore of a sea or lake or beside a river to hold back the water and prevent flooding Barrage; which consists of a line of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing the dam key difference between a barrage and a dam is that a dam is built for storing water in a reservoir, which raises the level of water significantly. A barrage is built for diverting water, farakka barrage along ganges river in WB
- BIS standards not followed allover, National Core Group for Earthquake Mitigation plan of action for mitigating the impact of earthquakes providing advice and guidance to the States on various aspects of earthquake mitigation; developing/organizing the preparation of handbooks/pamphlets/type designs for earthquake resistant construction; working out systems for assisting the States in the seismically vulnerable zones to adopt/integrate appropriate Bureau of Indian Standards codes in their building byelaws; evolving systems for training of municipal engineers as also practicing architects and engineers in the private sector in the salient features of Bureau of Indian Standards codes and the amended byelaws; evolving a system of certification of architects/engineers for testing their knowledge of earthquake resistant construction; evolving systems for training of masons and carry out intensive awareness generation campaigns.
- An earthquake mitigation project has been finalized for reducing the vulnerability to earthquakes. The programme includes detailed evaluation andretrofitting of lifeline buildings such as hospitals, schools, water and powersupply units, telecommunication buildings, airports/airport control towers,railway stations, bus stands and important administrative buildings. Theprogramme also includes training of more than one hundred thousand masonsfor earthquake resistant constructions. Besides, assistance will be providedunder this project to the State Governments to put in place appropriate techno legal regime
- In multi hazard risk management
- A protective wall built on the shore of the coastal town of Kalpakkam, in aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake....tree plantn...is a costeffective longlasting means of tsunami mitigation in comparison to artificial barriers... Some locations of indian ocean remained intact when tsunami struck in 2004..bcoz the existing cocunut palms and mangroves treees
- Mangrove swamps protect coastal areas from erosion, storm surge (especially during hurricanes), and tsunamis.[8][9] The mangroves' massive root systems are efficient at dissipating wave energy.[10] ] Sand Dunes are natural structures protecting the coast from high waves and saltwater intrusions (Corre 1991). dune is a hill of sand built either by wind or water flow, Overall, every sand dune is created by the interaction of the wind with soil in the form of grains of sand
- The task of drought forecasting is entrusted to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) which, over the years, has fine-tuned a methodology for forecasting the intensity of the southwest monsoon on a regional
- An irrigation canal winds its way through rice fields near Bangalore. Approximately 55 percent of India’s farmland is not irrigated and depends on the monsoon rains. Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation or localized irrigation, is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant.
- Community preparedness, fire,transport,food,electricity,law,
- Pg 116…State govt is mainly resp for responding to disaster..Supervises & controls relief oprtn…main functionaries to coordinate the relief operation at district level..,acc to the guidance received from GOI…pg 116…The entire hierarchy from central to district level is connected by means of telecommunication system
- Talukas?
- Forecasting about climate change is pre requisite for taking preparedness measure to respond to disaster, most important element in disaster management
- Snow & Avalanche study Establish, communication hub designed to ensure effective response to disaster situations such coordination, policy making, operations, information gathering, disseminating information etc. central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, collect, gather and analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws; and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals
- Two from Border security force, Indo-tibetan border, central industrial security force, central reserve police force to built them up asa specialist force to respond to disaster…..main resp…to conduct familirasation exercises,mock exercises,community awreness programs..to train state dis RF.. To assess the preparedness of various agencies in responding to an emergency situation during disasters
- Who provides food,water..other imp resp that has to be kept in mind
- Leave the telephone lines to free for organization of response…
- on construction of Earthquake , Training programme on Emergency Risk Management for Practicing Doctors conducted Resistant Building and retrofitting of old , 7. Workshop conducted for preparation of SOPs
- Toll free – 1077,1070, Desktop application built on a Spatial Database Platform Information about exposure, hazards and vulnerability. Provide support for planning, coordination, response, guidance decision making for emergency management personnel.
- to assess the preparedness of various agencies in responding to an emergency situation during disasters