This presentation will give brief and basic knowledge about the operating system. Types of operating systems are included in this ppt, too. Types of the operating system are explained with the help of examples. In this ppt, you will get to know about the advantages and disadvantages of types of operating systems. Go through this ppt to get a crystal clear concept of the operating system.

1. • PRESENTATION OF ICT
Presented by: OPTOM Nimra Murtaza
TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF OPERATING SYSTEM

3. “OPERATINGSYSTEM”
 An operating system is a program that
acts as a link between the user and the
computer system. The presence of an
OS is very important as without it
other programs can’t run. Thus, it
manages the resources on a system
and they cannot function when the OS
is absent. It has existed since the first
generation of computers and has been
evolving with time. Learn about
various types of the operating system.

4. “TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM”
1. Batch Operating System
2. Time-Sharing Operating System
3. Distributed Operating System
4. Network Operating System
5. Real-Time Operating System

5. 1. Batch Operating System
• In this type of operating system,
users didn’t interact with the OS
directly. Jobs were prepared on
an offline device such as a punch
card and were then submitted to
the computer operator. To speed
up processing, the users left their
programs with the operator. This
operator took the jobs with
similar requirements and
grouped them into batches and
then ran them as a group.

6. Examples of Batch Processing Operating
System:
• Payroll System
• Bank Invoice System
• Transactions Process
• Daily Report
• Research Segment
• Billing System

7. Advantages of Batch Operating System:
• The time required for a job to complete is predictable as the jobs are in a queue.
• Multiple jobs can share the systems.
• Reduced idle time.
• It is easy to process and manage a large workload.
• Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:
• Zero interaction between the user and the system.
• Debugging is harder as the operator needs to be thorough with the batch systems
which is difficult.
• It is costly.
• If one job fails, the OS puts the other jobs on a stand-by for an unknown time
period.
• CPU is often left idle during processing as the speed of the mechanical I/O devices
is slower as compared to the CPU.

8. 2. Time-Sharing Operating System
(Multitasking Operating System)
• In this type of Operating System, the user
directly gives instructions to an OS, and
the OS executes multiple tasks at a time.
The computer memory stores these
programs and they share a single
processor. The tasks switch rapidly from
one to another giving immediate response
to the user(s). It is an interactive system at
a reasonable price.
• It uses the concept of CPU scheduling
and multiprogramming so that the time of
the CPU is divided equally among the
tasks. This allows all the tasks to work
smoothly. As the interactive I/O is slower
as compared to the CPU, this OS also
increases CPU utilization as there is
always a spare job to execute.
• This OS focuses on decreasing the
response time of a task. The time taken to
execute a single task is called quantum.
Once this time interval is over the OS

9. Examples of Multiprocessor Operating
System:
•Windows NT, Solaris, Digital UNIX, OS/2 & Linux
•SunOS Version 4, IOS
•Other Examples are:
•Intel Nehalem – Beckton, Westmere, Sandy Bridge
•AMD Opteron – K10 (Barcelona, Magny Cours); Bulldozer
•ARM Cortex A9, A15 MP Core
•Oracle (Sun) UltraSpare T1, T2, T3, T4 (Niagara)

10. •Advantages of Multitasking Operating System:
• Each program receives equal time to use the CPU.
• Software duplication is difficult.
• CPU is no longer left idle.
•Disadvantages of Multitasking Operating
System:
• Due to multiple sharing, it is unreliable.
• Data integrity and security are threatened.
• Data communication is difficult.

11. 3. Distributed Operating System:
• In this type of operating system,
multiple CPUs are used to serve
multiple processes and users. All the
computers have their own memory unit
and CPU, and are interconnected and
communicate with each other over a
shared communication network. The
processors differ in size and function
and remote access is enabled within the
devices connected to a network. The
job of data processing is distributed
among various processors which makes
the jobs more efficient.

12. •Distributed Operating System Examples:
• LOCUS
• MICROS
• IRIX
• DYNIX
• AIX
• Solaris
• Mach
• OSF/1

13. •Advantages of Distributed Operating System:
• If one system collapses the others are not affected by it as they are independent
of each other.
• Increased data exchange speed and reduced load on the host computer.
• Computation is highly fast and durable due to shared resources.
• It is easily scalable due to the attachment of multiple systems.
• Reduced delay in the data processing.
• Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System:
• A single system failure might not affect the entire communication but the
failure of the main network can crash it.
• Languages used to establish distributed operating systems are not well
established.
• It is not readily available as it is very expensive and complex.

14. •4. Network
Operating System:
• This OS runs on a server allowing it
to manage data, users, groups,
security, applications, and other
networking functions. It allows
shared access of files, printers,
security, applications, and other
networking functions over a small
private network or a LAN. Users
are well aware of its underlying
configuration, making it a tightly
coupled system.

15. • Examples of Networking Operating System:
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003
• Microsoft Windows Server 2008
• Microsoft Windows 2000
• Microsoft Windows XP
• Artisoft’s LANtastic
• Novell NetWare
• Banyan VINES
• Sun Solaris
• AppleShare
• Mac OS X
• Linux
• UNIX

16. • Advantages of Network Operating System:
• It has stable and centralized servers that can handle security concerns
well.
• Integration of new technologies and hardware up-gradation is easier.
• Remote server access is possible.
• Disadvantages of Network Operating System:
• High cost of servers.
• Most operations could only be performed through a central location.
• It requires regular maintenance and updating.

17. • 5. Real-Time Operating
System:
• In this type of operating system, the time required to
process and respond to inputs is very small. This time
taken by the system to respond to an input and display the
response is known as response time. This is often used
when there are rigid time requirements or in control
devices. This has defined time constraints for the system
to run smoothly.
• There are two types of Real-Time Operating systems:
• a. Hard Real-Time Systems: Have highly strict time
constraints to make sure that critical tasks are completed
on time. There is limited secondary storage and the data is
often stored in ROM with no virtual memory.
• b. Soft Real-Time Systems: They have a less strict time
constraint and critical tasks are given priority above others
until they are completed and have limited utility.

18. •Examples of Real Time Operating System:
• Automobile Sector such as Anti-Lock Brake and Air Bag.
• For military as a Defense system such as RADAR.
• Use in Stock Exchange for updating all current information.
• Scientific experiments for Nuclear reactors

19. • Advantages of Real-Time Operating System:
• More output from resources is received due to the maximum utilization of devices
and systems.
• Less time is required for task shifting.
• It focuses more on running applications.
• Due to the small size of programs, they can be used in embedded systems.
• It is error-free.
• The best management of memory allocation.
• Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating System:
• Very few tasks run at the same time in order to avoid errors.
• The system resources are usually very expensive.
• Complex algorithms that are difficult to write on.
• It needs specific interrupts signals and device drivers to respond earliest to interrupts.
• Thread priority can’t be set as these systems don’t usually switch tasks.