route of drug administration (aushadha sevana marga)

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2. GUIDE
Dr.Reshma M Saokar
Asso:Professor
PRESENTER;
Dr. Saranya Sasi
1st Year PG Scholar
DEPARTMENT OF RSBK
SDMCA-HASSAN

3. CONTENT
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4. INTRODUCTION
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Important aspect in clinical practice.
Important factor which influence the absorption of
a drug.
Interval between administration & onset of action is
determined by the route of administration.
Different drug will act at different sites of action.
Administration of drug in appropriate route is very
much important to obtain maximum therapeutic
effect from the drug.

5. DEFINITION
Path by which a
drug/fluid/poison or
other substances is
brought into contact
with the body
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6.  Acc: to Dosha Adhishtana, action of drug in
body occurs through various srothas .
 9 Srothas are
1. मुख
2. नासा
3. नेत्र
4. कर्ण
5. गुद
6. मूत्रमागण
7. योननमागण
8. त्वचा
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7.  Route
Tvak
Mukha
Akshi
Siras
Naasa
Karna
Gudha
Yoni
Medhra
Garbhasaya
 Kalpana
Lepa
Pralepa
Alepa
Avaleha
Aasava
Arishta
Kvatha
Vati
Churna
Arka
Ghrita
Taila
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नेत्र
सेक आश्चोतनं पिण्डी बिडालस्तिपणं तथा ।
िुटिाकोो॓ऽञ्जनं चैभि: कल्िैनेत्रमुिाचरेत्॥ शा. उ. १३.१

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If drug is administered through
 Mouth – works quickly on diseases located
in stomach
 By Inhalation – quickly cures the disease of the
head
Anus – cures diseases located in colon
 External application (pradeha etc.)
– cures visarpa, pidaka

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मुख
 The most common route of drug administration
For drugs that come in delayed release or time-
release formulations, breaking the tablets or capsules
can lead to more rapid delivery of the drug than
intended
 Oral refers to 2 methods of administration:
1. Applying topically to the mouth
2.Swallowing for the absorption
along with GIT into systemic circulation

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ADVANTAGES
1.Convenient Can be self administered
Pain free
Easy to take
2.Absorption Takes place along the whole length of
GIT
3.Cheap Compared to most other routes
4. No need of
sterilization

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Sometimes inefficient Only part of the drug may be
absorbed
Irritation to gastric mucosa Causes nausea & vomiting
Unpleasant taste of some
drugs
Slow absorption – Slow
action
Cannot used in emergencies
Unable to use in
unconscious patients
DISADVANTAGES

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DOSAGE FORM
• Tablets/Capsules
• Soft/Hard Gel Capsules
• Syrup
• Powders
• Asava
•Arishta
•Kashaya
• Avaleha
• Gutika
• Guggulu
• Vati

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नासा
•Provides rapid delivery of a drug across the large
surface area of the mucous membrane of the
respiratory tract & pulmonary epithelium .
•This route of administration is mainly used for
drugs that are gases or those can be dispersed in an
aerosol.
•This route is particularly effective & convenient for
patients with respiratory complaints (such as asthma
& COPD) because the drug is delivered directly to the
site of action & systemic side effects are minimized.

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•Any condition of unconscious state refers
to rectal administration of the
medicine as this route by pass the portal
circulation (bhutagni paka) & reaches the
target soon
- Diluted alkaloid contents are faster to
absorb & reach the target in time.
- Buffers like Honey, Saindhav &
Shatapushpa helps the drugs to act faster & sooner.
- Vatahara Sahacharadi /
Dhanwantaram taila as vasti in status asthmatic is
very useful
गुद

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त्वचा
• Application of drug directly to the surface
of the skin
• It produce local effect

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
• Lower risk of side effect
• User friendly
• Can be use for child, old age etc.
• Local Therapeutic effect
• Not well absorbed into the deeper
layers of the skin or mucous
membrane

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DOSAGE FORM
Upanaha
Lepa
 Malahara
 Cream
 Ointments
 lotions
 Gels

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योननमागण
1. Uttara Vasti
It is given in upper passage (uttara marga) i.e., urinary or vaginal, than the usual anal
passage and is superior in qualities and termed as UTTARAVASTI.
Given after Nirooha and given through Uttaramarga
As it does unction it is considered like anuvasana vasti and others consider it like
nirooha vasti as it performs cleansing as well.
2. Yoni Dhaarana/Pinda
Placing a Kalka or Pinda of medicine inside the vagina is termed as
Yoni Dhaarana
3. Yoni Dhaavana
This procedure is useful to cleanse the female genital organs of excess fluids,
vitiated Kapha, Pitta. It also improves the tone of the local muscles and maintains
moisture.

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4. Yoni Dhoopana
Fumigation at the vaginal end
5. Yoni Pichu
Placing a medicated cotton swab/roll of cloth inside the vagina is
termed as Yoni Pichu.
The swab/roll of cloth should be retained for a long time so that it exhibits
action locally. The effect of the vitiated Dosha can be nullified. The Dhaatu
can be strengthened. Ulcers if present heal, pain subsides and the local
hygiene improves.
6. Varthis
Varthi Kalpana is identical with the vaginal tablets.
Employed for a local action of the drug
Characters of drugs used in Varthi Kalpana – Astringents , Hygroscopic,
Wound healing.
Selection of drug depends on the type of srava, accompanying symptoms and
pathology behind .

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1.Oral/
Entral
2.Entric coated
pills & Tab
3.Enemata
Evacuant
enema
Retention
Enema
4.Sub-Lingual
5.Local
6.Parentral
a.Injection
b.Inhalation
c.Transcutaneous d.Trans-mucosal
Sublingual
Nasal
Rectal
Intra
dermal
IM
subcutaneous
Intra
Arterial
IV
Intra
medullary
Intra
thecal
MODERN VIEW

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SELECTION OF ROUTE
The ROA is determined by:
 The physical characteristics of the drug.
 The speed which the drug is absorbed
and/or released.
 To achieve high concentration at
particular sites.
 Accuracy of dosage.
 Condition of the patient.

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FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION
RELATED TO DRUGS
 Lipid Water solubility
 Molecular Size
 Particle Size
 Physical forms
 Chemical Nature
 Dosage forms
 Formulations
 Concentrations
RELATED TO BODY
 Area of absorptive drugs
 Vascularity
 pH
 Presence of other substances
 Disease

28. प्रववस्रुतो हि दोष: स्थानमातन्गायाधिनतष्टन् मूिाणदीन् वा दूस्तोो ववनत
ततश्च स्थानववशेषेर् वेषजववशेष: पयेवषतव्य: ॥
(अ.सं.सू.२३)
 The circulating doshas will get vitiated & those
morbid doshas which remain in specific places
will lead to pathological condition of those sites.
 Therefore the site of disease or pathology must be
well understood.
 Accordingly drug may be administered.
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S.N Aasaya Dosha Property Of Drugs To
Be Absorbed
1 Aamasaya Kapha Snigdha,Seeta,Guru
2 Grahani Pitta Snigdha,Ushna,Laghu
3 Pakwasaya Vata Ruksha,Seeta,Laghu

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Aushada Sevana Margas are the routes by which
different drug preparations are administered to the body
according to patients saaririka & manasika bala & roga
Many researches have been carried out in this field
since ancient times
A well qualified physician is to be aware of all these
routes of drug administration
Considerations of anatomy, physiology, Pathology,
Pharmacology, therapeutics and convenience determine
the route of drug
Administration

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1. Nebulisation Therapy –A novel approach to drug delivery system in ayurveda
Kajaria Divya Kumari* Tripathi J.S ** Tiwari S.K *
International Research Journal of Pharmacology 2011,2(11) 18-20
2. Pharmacodynamic understanding of basti: a contemporary approach
Gyanendra D Shukla* Shweta Pandey* Anup.B.Thakar*
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical of Biological Archives 2012;3(4):893-896
3. Evaluation of Bronchodilator effect of Kantakari extract nebulisation in
wheezing children; a randomized clinical study
Patil Amol* AZIZ Arbar* Deepti A.K**
IJRSP.5(3) may - jun 2014

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• Ashtanga Sangraha Sutra Stana 23rd Chapter
•Charak Samhita Chikitsa Stana 30th Chapter
• Text book of Bhaishajya Kalpana Vijnanam
– Dr.Shobha G. Hiremath
• Text Book of Bhaishajya Kalpana Vijnanam
- Dr.G.Prabhakar Rao
• Dravya Guna Vijnana J.L.N Sastri
• Dravya Guna Vijnana P.V Sharma
• Clinical Pharmacology P.N.Bennett & M.J.Brown
• Essential Medical Pharmacology – K.D Tripathy

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