The lungs are soft, spongy organs that are pink in children and brown/grey/black in adults. The right lung weighs 700g and the left 500-600g. They have a conical shape with a blunt apex and semilunar base. Structures related to the mediastinal surface include the heart, great vessels, trachea and nerves. The lungs are divided into lobes separated by fissures and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments by segmental bronchi. The root of the lung contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves that connect the lung to the mediastinum.

1. LUNGS
Dr SANA YASEEN
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT (LCMD)

2. Features
 Soft & spongy
 Colour: children-pink
adult: brown/grey
later black
 weight-:
R-lung: 700g
L-lung: 600-500g
 Float in water, crepitates when handled
 If cavity is opened lung would immediately shirnk to
< 1/3 in volume

4.  Shape: conical
o Apex: blunt, projects above clavicle
o Base: semilunar & concave, rest on diaphragm
o 3borders- ant, post, inferior
o 2 surfaces- costal, medial (vertebral & mediastinal)

7. Structures related to mediastinal surfaces of
lung
RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG
1. Right atrium & auricle
2. R- ventricle (small part)
3. Superior vena cava
4. R- brachiocephalic vein
5. Azygous vein
6. Oesophagus
7. Inferior vena cava
8. Trachea
9. R- vagus nerve
10.R-phrenic nerve
1. L- ventricle & auricle+
infundibulum of R-ventricle
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Arch of aorta
4. dec,. Thoracic aorta
5. L- subclavian artery
6. Thoracic duct
7. Oesophagus
8. L- brachicephalic vein
9. L- vagus nerve
10.L-phrenic nerve
11.L- recurrent laryngeal nerve

8. oesophagus
Brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava
Azygous vein
Inferior vena cava

9. Brachiocephalic vein
Trachea and esophagus
Groove for 1st rib
Cardiac notch
Oblique fissure
Diaphragmatic surface
ligula

10. Lobes and fissures
LOBES FISSURE
R-LUNG UPPER
MIDDLE
LOWER
OBLIQUE
HORIZONTAL
L-LUNG UPPER
LOWER
OBLIQUE

13. Broncheal
tree

14. BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS
are anatomic, functional & surgical units of lungs

18.  Segmental bronchi divides to form terminal
bronchioles
 Which ends into pulmonary unit
o Alveolar ducts
o Atria
o Air saccules
o Pulmonary alveoli (gaseous exchange occurs)

19. ROOT OF LUNG
 Connects medial surface of lung to mediastinue
 Formed of structures passing through it
 Contents:
o Bronchus on left side
o Pulmonary artery and veins (superior, inferior)
o Bronchial artery and veins
o Ant & posterior pulmonary plexuses of nerves
o Lymphatics & lymph nodes (bronchopulmonary)
o Areolar tissue

21. Relations of root of lungs :
R- lung L-lung
anterior Phrenic nerve
Pericardio phrenic
vessels
Ant. Pulmonary
plexus
Same
Posterior Vagus nerve
Posterior
pulmonary plexus
Same +
Decsending
thoracic aorta
Superior Azygous vein Arch of aorta
Inferior Pulmonary
ligament
same

22. Arrangements of contents in root of lung
Ant to posterior
 Superior pulmonary vein
 Pulmonary artery
 Bronchus
Above to down
R-LUNG L- LUNG
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Hyparterial bronchus
Inferior pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Bronchus
Inferior pulmonary vein

23. THANK YOU!