O Centro de Excelência em BRT Across Latitudes and Cultures (ALC-BRT CoE) promoveu o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Workshop: Experiences and Challenges (Workshop BRT: Experiências e Desafios) dia 12/07/2013, no Rio de Janeiro. O curso foi organizado pela EMBARQ Brasil, com patrocínio da Fetranspor e da VREF (Volvo Research and Education Foundations).
4. BRT
“flexible, rubber-tired
form of rapid transit
that combines stations,
vehicles, services,
running ways and
information
technologies into an
integrated system with
strong identity”
(Levinson et. al, 2003b)
6. BHLS
“is an urban transport system
integrating a bus, but within
new conditions providing an
increase in performance
thanks to a triple optimization
of:
The internal characteristics of
the technical and commercial
offer.
The integration of this offer
into the whole public
transport network.
The integration of this
network into the urban area”
(Finn et. al, 2011)
Cambridge, UK
7. Key BHLS Components (for better performance)
The Busway – Nantes
Running
ways
Stations
Vehicles
Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS), operation
management tools
Identity of the
BHLS scheme
BHLS COST
8. BRT, BHLS and busways around the world
# of cities and length (km) per country
2 km
320 km
80 km
1
116
6
31
3
1
6
1
17
2
71
13
2
2
2
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
114
2
1
5
1
11
1
3
1
1
159 cities = 278 corridors = 4,077 km
700 km
1
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
1
9. BRT and busway systems in the world
daily demand per region (M pax/day)
Latin America and
the Caribbean
53 cities
159 corridors
16.54 M pax/day
Europe
43 cities
52 corridors
1.68 M pax/day
Asia
33 cities
37 corridors
6.28 M pax/day
USA and Canada
20 cities
27 corridors
0.85 M pax/day
Africa
3 cities
3 corridors
0.24 M pax/day
Oceania
7 cities
7 corridors
0.33 M pax/day
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
10. evolution of the # of cities and km per decade
Total length
Before 1990 (16 cities)
1991 - 2000 (19 cities)
2001 - 2010 (103 cities)507 km
1025 km
3707 km
BRT and busway systems in the world
Since 2011 (21 cities)
4077 km
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
11. 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
CumulativeNumberofCities
NewCities
Evolution of the number of cities per year
BRT and busway systems in the world
2010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang – China;
Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit –
UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga – Colombia;
Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton – Canada; …
2000: Bogotá
(TransMilenio),
Colombia
1974: Curitiba
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
13. Curitiba, RIT, 72 km median busways
1.2 million passengers per day
Initial Bus Corridor 1972
Full BRT in 1982
14. 1. Making buses run like surface metro –
Curitiba 1982
median bus-ways longitudinally
segregated
tube stations with fare
prepayment and level access
physical and fare integration
dispatch control at terminal
stations.
differentiated services:
Expresso, Ligerao, Ligeirinho,
Interbairros, Alimentador
Special services downtown,
hospitals, touristic bus, schools
18. 2. Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
19. Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Is the most used BHLS
1993 (13 km) and 2007
(7 km)
20 km bus lanes, 95%
dedicated, mostly
central segregated
29 stations (@ 700m)
39 articulated buses,
specially designed and
branded for the system
20. Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Information systems
23 km/h
17 km/h minimum peak
3.5 min headway (peak)
Interval plus 3 minutes
for 96% of the pax
66,000 trips/day,
growing 7% per year
Good integration with
pedestrians and rail
(4 RER and 1 subway)
New vehicle Créalis for the BHLS routes
21. 3. Expanding capacity with advanced operations
Bogotá, 2000
Very high capacity
48,000 pphpd
29. Single process
(¿big bang?)
Fare integration
Route optimization
Formalization of
providers
Elimination of
“competition on the
street”
30. The planning and implementation team was too
optimistic – implementation had troubles
31. Despite the initial difficulties, Santiago has
risen to a higher level of performance
The current system is
better than the one it
replaced
Travel times have
reduced
Large decreases in
emissions
Substantial reductions
in fatalities and injuries
Still a lot to improve
Traffic Fatalities in Santiago
Source: CONACET
6366
4951
3406 3291 3047 2937
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
33. 52 Km central bus ways on
expressway (100% segregated)
Long station platforms -90m,
separated 1.1 km on average
Non-grade queue jumpers to
access the Bosphorus Bridge,
(mixed traffic)
Low floor buses (articulated
and bi-articulated)
23,000 passengers/ hour/
direction, 15 sec interval
800,000 passengers/day
35. 22.5 km corridor
Long stations –from
55m to 260m, with
overtaking lanes
Combines multiple
direct services on the
same infrastructure.
27,000 pphpd
350 buses phpd
800,000 passengers per
day
57. BRT Chihuahua
BRT Mexicali
BRT Ecovía Monterrey
BRT Chimalhuacán
BRT Tampico
BRT Acapulco
BRT Lechería
BRT Tijuana
BRT Puebla
Metrobus Line 5
BRT Monterrey
BRT Villahermosa
BRT Cd. Azteca - Tecámac
BRT Toluca
Authorized
Under review
Tren Sub 1 Cuautitlán
BRT Oaxaca
BT Puebla 2
Tren LRT Guadalajara
BRT Pachuca
BRT Cd Juarez
BRT León
Under construction
BRT systems in Mexico
35 BRT systems:
5 under construction
30 under review / identification
58. 31 Cities in Brazil with BRT and Bus Corridors
Belo Horizonte, Blumenau, Brasília,
Campinas, Campo Grande,
Caxias do Sul, Criciúma, Curitiba,
Diadema - São Paulo,
Feira de Santana, Fortaleza,
Goiania, Jaboatão dos Guararapes,
Joinville, João Pessoa, Juiz de Fora,
Londrina, Maceió, Mauá – Diadema,
Natal, Niteroi, Olinda, Porto Alegre,
Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador,
Santos, Sorocaba, Sumaré,
São Paulo, Uberlândia
61. TransOeste Ligerão
Currently in operation
June 2012
44.5 km of which 36.5 km
segregated median busways
42 stations, 2 terminals
91 articulated buses + 16
padron
120,000 pax/day
R$ 2.75 (USD 1.36) per trip
Project
63 km of which 55 km
segregated median busways
57 stations, 3 terminals
220,000 pax/day when
connected to Metro in 2016
31 feeder routes, 147 feeder
buses
Capital investment R$ 1.6
bilion (USD 800 million)
68. Plans in Brazil
PAC Big Cites, Copa 2014, Olimpics…
Projects/Corridors 108
Cities 32
Km More than 1000
Funding 26,392 million Real
13,196 million USD
Demand ~10.0 million people per day
Required Buses 16,000 vehicles
Source: EMBARQ Brasil
69. Status of BRT cities in India
New
Delhi
Operational (7)
Jaipur
AhmedabadRajkot
Pune
Expected to be operational in a year (2)
Bhopal
Indore
Surat
Pimpri-
Chinchwad
Others under construction / DPR approved (5)
Kolkata
Vishakhapatnam
Vijaywada
Naya Raipur
Hubli-Dharwad
DPR / DFR under preparation (5)
GuwahatiLucknow
Vadodara
Bangalore
Chennai
Prof. H. M. Shivanand
74. The Newest Kid in the Block:
Bhopal Mybus -Trial run July 2013
Photo: EMBARQ
75. The Newest Kid in the Block:
Bhopal Mybus -Trial run July 2013
Photo: EMBARQ
76. 15 cities with BRT/Bus Corridors in China, 2 opened in 2012
77. BRT in Hangzhou. Bus and mixed traffic congestion. Buses in and out the BRT corridor
ITDP China
78. Largest Station in Guanghzou: 8,500 passenger boardings in a single hour during the morning peak. Station
access is via a bridge with escalators, and a pedestrian crossing with refuge islands
ITDP China
79. BHLS in Europe
Country Cities with BHLS
England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds
France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse
Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen
Ireland Dublin
Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato
Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht
Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid
Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm
Brendan Finn
ETTS Ltd., Ireland
80. Nantes – Station and Running Way
Brendan Finn
ETTS Ltd., Ireland
88. Bicycle facilities - Amsterdam
Bike’n’Ride
Extensive bike parking
Amsterdam, Almere
Bike on bus is rare
O. HEDDEBAUT
Brendan Finn
ETTS Ltd., Ireland
95. Customer comfort - Cambridge
WiFi on bus
Socket for PC, phone
Leather seats
CCTV for security
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
Brendan Finn
ETTS Ltd., Ireland
101. BRT Current Status:
159 worldwide applications; concentration in Latin
America, Europe (BHLS), high growth in Asia and the
Pacific
Innovation continues: adapted to local conditions
and needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)
High performance, low cost, rapid implementation
Trend: from corridors to citywide integrated systems
Some issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy
102. Discussion
Perceived as “low quality”; poor systems for
poor cities – planners, decision makers, public
Not an industry – disaggregated provision of
components
Implementation barriers:
Reducing the space for cars
Lack of knowledge/familiarity by decision makers
and transport planners
Environmental considerations – air pollution and
GHGs
User fares and self-sustainability
Finn et. al (2011) reviewed 35 cities applying BHLS concepts and list Paris (TVM), Nantes (Line 4, Busway), Amsterdam (Zuidtangent), Almere (10 lines trunk network), Kent (Fastrack A and B) and Jonkping (Citybussarna) as the most complete or full BHLS
Schematic Map of Line 4, crisscrossing the historic downtown and connecting to the international airport.
Buenavista Terminal, Connects with Metrobus Line 1 (Insurgentes), Metro Station Buenavista, and Suburban Rail on the eastern edge of downtown.
Interior of Metrobus Line 4 Terminal at Buenavita: wide, well lt and signilized
The bus fleet includes 8 hybrid (Diesel Electric) and 46 Diesel Euro V low floor buses with air conditioning, advanced vehicle location system and closed circuit TV. It is the most advanced fleet in Latin America.
Downtown streets were totally rebuilt to provide safe transit to the new buses and help recover the urban environment
CTSEmbarq Mexico helped with the design of icons and signs to provide adequate information to the users. This totem is located at Plaza de la República, whichwastotallyrebuiltcreatinganextraordinarypublicspace in downtownMexico.
New shelters and raisedplatformsprovideaccesstothelowfloor buses.
Narrowstreetshaveraisedsidewalwalks.
Symbol of the BRT systems in China to date? Low demand BRT lane, worse conditions for mixed traffic, and worse conditions for the large majority of bus users in the corridor.