6. 6
Photo by Nicolas Mirguet/Flickr
ONLY 8% PEOPLE IN KOLKATA DRIVE CARS
25% WALK OR CYCLE
7. 7
CHOICES TODAY CREATE PATH DEPENDENCIES FOR DECADES TO
COME
Source: IIHS,2011,hp://iihs.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/IUC-Book.pdf
8. 8
LOW DENSITY SPRAWL AT THE URBAN FRINGE
Selected findings, Kolkata urban fringe,
1990-2014:
• Share of residential area in atomistic housing: 92.1±7.4%;
• Share of the built-up area in roads and boulevards:
8.4±2.2%; and
• Share of roads less than 4m. wide: 66.7±13.3%
Residential development on the urban fringe of Kolkata,
India1(1990-2014)
Source: Sholomo Angel
9. THE FUTURE IS MORE LIKE KOLKATA THAN
BERLIN – PROJECTED URBAN GROWTH 2030
Note: 1692 urban agglomerations.
Source: World Resources Report
Data Source: World Urbanization Prospects 2014; World Bank country classification.
10. (N=769 cities)
WITH GROWTH MOSTLY IN AFRICA AND
SOUTH ASIA 2015-2030
Source: World Resources Report
Data Source: Oxford Economics
11. CITIES ARE GROWING MOST RAPIDLY IN
LOWER- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
Note: 1692 urban agglomerations
Source: World Resources Report
Data Sources: World Urbanization Prospects 2014; World Bank country classification
11
12. COMPARISON OF CITY POPULATION AND BUDGET PER CAPITA IN CITIES
IN GLOBAL SOUTH AND NORTH
Source: World Resources Report
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
City population (1000s) Budget per capita (USD)
13. HOW WE BUILD CITIES MATTERS
Source: LSE research, drawing on data from Atlanta Regional Commission (2014), Autoritat del Transport
Metropolita (Area de Barcelona) (2013), GenCat (2013), UCSB (2014), D’Onofrio (2014), based on latest data.
Atlanta’s built-up area Barcelona’s built-up area
Population: 5.26 million
Total area: 16,605 km2
Urban area: 7692 km2
Transport emissions: 6.9 tonnes CO2 p.c.
Traffic fatalities: 564 per year
Population: 5 million
Total area: 3263 km2
Urban area: 648 km2
Transport emissions: 1.2 tonnes CO2 p.c.
Traffic fatalities: 31 per year
ATLANTA BARCELONA
14. WHAT STRATEGIES WILL AVOID LOCK-IN?
Source: World Bank
Short-Term Capital Stock
Long-Term Capital Stock
Infrastructure
Land Use and Urban Form
10-15 years
15-40 years
30-75+ years
100+
years
14
15. 15
SO, HOW DO WE TRANSFORM FROM HERE…
Photo: Mexico City
21. CITIES ARE ENGINES OF GROWTH
AND PROSPERITY
SOURCE: McKinsey Global Institute, Population Division of the United Nations; Angus Maddison via Timetrics;
Global Insight; Census reports of England and Wales; Honda in Steckel & Floud,1997; Bairoch, 1975
65%
global GDP
growth in
major cities
22. TRAFFIC CONGESTION HURTS PRODUCTIVITY
Sources: IBM Institute for Business Value, Smarter cities for smarter growth. Li-Zeng Mao, Hong-Ge Zhu,
and Li-Ren Duan (2012) The Social Cost of Traffic Congestion and Countermeasures in Beijing.
Sustainable Transportation Systems: pp. 68-76.
23. HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
AFFECTS CITY COMPETIVENESS
Note: * Determined by composite rankings against a range of indicators. Based on ranking of 24
international cities with #24 being the top rank. For more information on these see PwC Cities of
Opportunity available at http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/
24. HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
AFFECTS CITY PRODUCTIVITY
Note: * Determined by composite rankings against a range of indicators. Based on ranking of 24
international cities with #24 being the top rank. For more information on these see PwC Cities of
Opportunity available at http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/
26. 26
Photo: Flickr/PauloFehlauer; Sources: UN-Habitat, UNFCCC, WHO
23% of global GHG
emissions are from transport
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS ARE NOT
POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE TRANSFORMATION OF
CITIES
26
70% of GHG emissions
come from cities
28. 28
Total stock of motor cars, projections up to 2050
TRACKER
Total number of cars in thousands
1 Footnote
SOURCE: Fulton/IEA 2008
In1,000
29. CLIMATE GOALS CANNOT BE REACHED ON THE
CURRENT TREND TOWARD MOTORIZATION
Hidalgo and Duduta (2013)
30. 60% OF THE 2030 GLOBAL BUILDING
STOCK IS YET TO BE BUILT
Source: NASA Image. UN World Population Prospects. 2009. UNFCCC
31. A MORE EQUAL CITY:
HIGH QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ALL
Photo: Benoit Colin/WRI
32. RISE OF MOTORIZATION RESULTS IN
UNHEALTHY, UNSAFE CITIES
• 1.3MM deaths globally from
traffic incidents
• 90% of the world’s road
traffic deaths occur in low-
and middle-income
countries
• Air pollution linked to 6.7% of
deaths worldwide
Source: WHO
33. NONE OF THE WORLD’S TOP 50 CITIES BY
POPULATION MEET WHO AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
SOURCE: Mortality data from World Health Organisation:
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.wrapper.ENVHEALTH3
34. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS ARE GROWING
Source: UN (2014). *CAR: Central African republic, STP: Sao Tome and Principe, DRC:
Democratic Republic of Congo, Non-SSA (av) average in rest of the countries.
38. HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
AFFECTS QUALITY OF LIFE
Note: * Determined by composite rankings against a range of indicators. Based on ranking of 24
international cities with #24 being the top rank. For more information on these see PwC Cities of
Opportunity available at http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/
44. THE NEW URBAN AGENDA ?
• Build on consensus, focus on
solutions for more equal cities
• Prioritize actions for cities
• Transition from technical solutions
to political campaigns
Photo: Benoit Colin/WRI