India is a vast country that spans 28 states and 7 union territories across 3.28 million square kilometers, making it the 7th largest country globally. It has significant diversity in its landforms ranging from mountains and valleys to plateaus, rivers, waterfalls, plains, deserts, islands, and varied rock formations and soils. These variations are largely due to differences in underlying rock formations across India that have been shaped over geological time through the modifying forces of the earth.