Biological diversity or biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms at all levels of biological systems (i.e. molecular, organism, species, population and ecosystem levels) and is used to measure the health of ecosystems.

1. Loss of biodiversity
Prepared by
Elegbeleye Oladipo Ayodamope

2.  What is biodiversity.
 types of biodiversity.
 Major Threats to Biodiversity.
 Important Role of Biodiversity.
 Conservation biodiversity.

3.  What does “Bio” mean?
Bio =

4. What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the immense variety
and richness of life on Earth.
Diversity =Variety

5.  1. Genetic diversity: variety in the genetic makeup
among individuals within a species
 2. Species diversity: variety among the species or
distinct types of living organisms found in different
habitats of the planet
 3. Ecosystem or ecological diversity: variety of
forests, deserts, grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans,
coral reefs, wetlands and other biological communities
 4. Functional diversity: biological and chemical
processes of functions such as energy flow and matter
cycling needed for the survival of species and
biological communities

6. -
1. Human population growth
2. Habitat destruction
4. Invasive species
5. Global climate change
3. Overexploitation

8. Species of large
mammals and birds
plummeted with the
arrival of humans,
independently, on each
of three continents—
suggesting that human
hunting was the cause.

10.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said that
many species are threatened with extinction.
 At threat of extinction are
 1 out of 8 birds
 1 out of 4 mammals
 1 out of 4 conifers
 1 out of 3 amphibians
 6 out of 7 marine turtles
 75% of genetic diversity of agricultural crops has been lost
 75% of the world’s fisheries are fully or over exploited
 Up to 70% of the world’s known species risk extinction if the global
temperatures rise by more than 3.5°C
 1/3rd of reef-building corals around the world are threatened with
extinction
 Over 350 million people suffer from severe water scarcity

11. - Global population tripled in the 20th century, but water
usage increased by a factor of six. Assuming that the world
population increases from six to eight billion by 2025, there is
growing concern that four billion people -or as much as 50%
of world population in 2025) globally may face water stress.
-As a population increases, the amount of essential resources per
capita approaches a minimum (Liebig's Law)No population
can increase without limit Resources become distributed
unevenly among individuals

14.  Between 56% and 65% of inland water systems suitable for
use in intensive agriculture in Europe and North America had
been drained by 1985. The respective figures for Asia and
South America were 27% and 6%.
 73% of marshes in northern Greece have been drained since
1930.
 60% of the original wetland area of Spain has been lost.

15. - Happens when either natural disasters or human activities
change the ecosystem so much that many species can no
longer survive.
 Natural sources of habitat destruction:
 Volcanic eruptions
 Wildfires
 Droughts
 Severe storms
 Human activities:
 Deforestation
 Draining wetlands
 Damming rivers

16.  Comparing actual area of Brazilian portion of the Amazon
deforested each year between 1990 and 2009 including the
projected rate based on Brazilian government targets to reduce
deforestation by 80% by 2020, and cumulative total
deforestation as a percentage of the estimated original extent
of the Brazilian Amazon (4.1 million km2). A 20-year study
has shown that deforestation and introduction of non-native
species has led to about 12.5% of the world’s plant species to
become critically rare. (In fact, as an example, a study
suggests that the Amazon damage is worse than previously
thought, due to previously undetected types of selective
logging and deforestation.)

19.  Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that have
economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of
extinction.
 Historically, overexploitation was the primary cause of species
extinction.
 Bison
 Passenger Pigeons
 Ocelot
 Rhinoceros

21. Endangered golden lion
tamarin, endemic to Brazil’s
Atlantic rainforest, which has
been almost totally destroyed

22. it was last seen in 1989
The Golden Toad

24.  Climate Change Impacts On Biodiversity In The Arctic
 -Climate Change Means Ocean Change
 -Increasing Ocean Acidification
 -Increasing Ocean Stratification
 -Increasing Oceanic Dead Zones
 -Coral Reefs Threatened By Climate Change
 -Lizards Threatened By Climate Change

27.  Pollution (land and marine) are long known to have negative
impacts on wildlife and the environment.
 From industrial and agricultural run-offs to household waste
and more can end up far from the source, causing problems
for people and the environment, even as far as the arctic
 over 80% of marine pollution comes from land-based
activities

28. A baby albatross

29.  10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead.
Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is
showing up in reefs across the planet

30.  Ecological Role…..
 Economic Role…..
 Scientific Role…..

31. -Protected areas are an essential part of conservation program
-To be conserved, biodiversity must be integrated into the
agriculture, fishery, and forestry sectors. These sectors are
directly dependent on biodiversity and affect it directly.
- Prevention and early intervention have proven to be the most
successful and cost-effective way of tackling invasive
species.
-Strong institutions at all levels are essential to support
biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of
ecosystems
-Informing all of society about the benefits of conserving
biodiversity,
-Direct and indirect drivers of biodiversity loss must be addressed
to better protect biodiversity and ecosystem services

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