3. THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
- Elected by direct vote by the people
for a term of six years.
-She/he may only serve for one term,
and is ineligible for re-election.
-The term of the President of the
Philippines starts at noon of the 30th
day of June after the election.
4. QUALIFICATIONS
The qualifications for an individual aspiring to become the
President of the Philippines are outlined in Article VII,
Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution.
1.Natural born Filipino;
2.a registered voter;
3.must be able to read and write;
4.40 years of age at the day of the election; and
5.must have resided in the Philippines ten years before
the election is held.
5. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
1. POWER OF CONTROL OVER THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
- The President of the Philippines has the mandate of control over all the executive
departments, bureau, and offices.
- The Administrative Code also provides for the President to be responsible for the
abovementioned offices’ strict implementation of laws.
2. POWER ORDINANCE POWER
- The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive
issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an
administration.
3. POWER OVER ALIENS
- The President of the Philippines has certain power over non-Filipinos in the
Philippines.
-- The President may change the status of a foreigner , as prescribed by law, from non
immigrant status to a permanent resident status without necessity of visa.
6. 4. POWER OF APPOINTMENT
The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government
government as provided by the constitution and laws of the
Philippines . Some of these appointments, however may need the
approval of the Committee on Appointments (committee
composed of members from the House of Representatives and
Senate of the Philippines).
5. POWER OF GENERAL SUPERVISION OVER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
- The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has the
mandate to supervise local governments in the Philippines, despite
their autonomous status as provided by Republic Act No. 7160
(Local Government Code 1991)
7. LINE OF SUCCESSION
The constitution provides for a line of succession in the event that the elected
President of the Philippines is not able to discharge the duties of his office due
to death, disability or resignation.
The following is the line of succession:
1. Vice President- in cases of death, disability, or resignation of the President
2. Senate President- in cases of the death, disability or resignation of the
President and the Vice President.
3. Speaker of the House of Representatives- in cases of the death, disability, or
resignation of the President, Vice President, and Senate President.
Contrary to the popular belief, the constitution doesn’t include the Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court in the President’s line of succession.
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8. VICE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
- The Vice President of the Philippines is elected
by direct vote by the people for a term of six
years, and may run for re-election once.
- The term of the Vice President of the
Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of
June after a regular election is held.
9. QUALIFICATIONS
The qualifications for aspirants to the Office
of the Vice President is outlined in Article VII,
Section 3. According to the constitution, the
qualifications for the President is the same
for the Vice President.
10. DUTIES OF THE VICE PRESIDENT
- According to the constitution, the Vice
President may concurrently assume a cabinet
position should the President of the Philippines
after the former one .
- The Vice President will become a secretary
concurrent to the position of Vice President.
11. LINE OF SUCCESSION
Should there be a vacancy of the Office of
the Vice President, the President of the
Philippines is required by the constitution
to nominate a replacement with the
concurrence of Committee on
Appointments.
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12. CABINET SECRETARIES
Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the
President executing with his authority, the power
of the Office of the President in their respective
departments.
The number of cabinet secretaries varies from
time to time depending on the need of an
administration.
13. APPOINTMENT OF CABINET
SECRETARIES
- According to the Article VII, Section 16, the
President may appoint anyone to executive
departments with the consent of the Commission
on Appointments.
- Names of individuals nominated to cabinet
posts are submitted to the Commission on
Appointments for their consideration.
14. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Article X, Section 4
- The President of the Philippines is mandated
to supervise local governments all over the
country.
Republic Act No. 7160/ Local Government Code of 1991
- Local Governments enjoy relative autonomy
from the national government.
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15. SOCIAL SERVICES AND FACILITIES THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE
(SECTION 17 OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE)
Facilities and research services for agriculture
and fishery activities.
Health services
Social Welfare services
Information services
Municipal/ city/ provincial buildings, cultural
centres, public parks, playgrounds and sports
facilities and equipment
16. Infrastructure facilities
Public markets, slaughterhouses and other
local enterprises
Public cemetery
Tourism facilities and tourist attractions;
and
Sites for police, fire stations and municipal
jails
17. - The Judicial branch is the final
safeguard of liberty.
- It protects the people from
someone else’s exercise of abusive
power, violence or force.
18. JUDICIAL POWER
- Power to decide on legal
disputes.
1987 Constitution Article VIII, Section 1
Judicial power shall be vested in
one Supreme Court and in such other
law courts as may be established by law.
20. - The Judicial branch is independent.
- The independence of the Philippine Judiciary is
manifested in the following:
• Creation of the Judicial and Bar council
• Expanded power or Judicial review
• Fiscal autonomy of the judiciary
• Power to review proclamation of martial law and
the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
• Security of tenure of the judges
• The Supreme Court as judge in presidential
elections
21. It is important that the judiciary is
an independent entity, free from
control by anyone.
This reflects the quality of
democracy that a nation lives up to
22. Supreme Court
Head
Chief Justice
Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Court of Tax
Appeals
Regional Trial Courts Shari’a District Courts
Metropolitan
Trial Courts
Municipal
Circuit Trial
Courts
Municipal
Trial
Courts
Municipal
Trial Courts
in Cities
Shari’a Circuit
Courts
23. Shari’a Court
- Powers is similar to the regular courts but the subjects over
whom judicial powers are exercised are limited to Muslim
Filipinos.
Court of Tax Appeals
- Retains exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal
not only tax cases but also those that are criminal in nature.
Sandiganbayan
- a special court that has jurisdiction over civil cases (graft,
corruption and other offenses) committed by public officers
and employees and those in government-owned or
government-controlled corporations.
24. ELECTION
- is a formal group decision-
making process by which a
population chooses an
individual to hold public office.
25. PSEPHOLOGY
- Study of results and other statistics
relating to elections (especially with a view
to predicting future results).
26. TYPES OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
PLURALITY SYSTEMS
- System in which the candidate(s) with the highest amount
of vote wins, with no requirement to get a majority of votes in
cases where there is single position to be filled
MAJORITARIAN SYSTEMS
- System in which candidates have to receive a majority of
the votes to be elected, although in some cases only a
plurality is required in the last round of counting if no
candidate can achieve a majority
27. PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMS
- involves voters voting for a list of candidates proposed
by a party.
PRIMARY ELECTIONS
- formal part of the electoral system or informally by
choice of individual political parties as a method of selecting
candidates.
28. DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
- Lowest level of an elected territorial organization within
a state
- important in delivering welfare and implementing
policies from the national level (Atienza 2006)
- They are expected to promote participation from the
people as they are closer to them.
29. DECENTRALIZATION, DEMOCRATIZATION
AND GOVERNANCE
DECENTRALIZATION
- The process that involves the transfer of
planning, decision-making or administrative
authority from the central government to its field
organizations, local government or
nongovernmental organizations (Rondinelli and
Cheema)
30. FOUR MAJOR FORMS OF DECENTRALIZATION
1.DECONCENTRATION
- Involves the redistribution of administrative
responsibilities within the central government.
2. DELEGATION TO SEMI-AUTONOMOUS
- It involves the delegation of decision-making and
management authority for specific functions to bodies
that are not under the direct control of the central
government.
31. 3. DEVOLUTION
- It involves the process by which the central government
relinquishes certain functions to local government units.
- Seeks to strengthen or to create independent levels or
units of governments.
4. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS FROM GOVERNMENT TO
NONGOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
- It involves the transfer of planning and administrative
powers or functions to voluntary, private or
nongovernmental institutions.
32. - Decentralization enhances local
participation and therefore strengthens
democracy.
- Decentralization can only takes place
within democratic processes and it requires
for local systems to have good
management and democratic
accountability.
33. CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
- Considered a social sphere independent
from both the state and the market.
- Comprises of Civil Society Organizations
(CSO) and nongovernmental organizations.
- Refers to those nonstate, non-profit,
voluntary organizations in this social sphere.
34. ROLES OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN GOOD GOVERNANCE
Key agent in policy analysis and advocacy
Regulates and monitors state performance and
behaviour of policy officials
Builds social capital and enables citizens to identify and
articulate their beliefs, values and ideas
Mobilizes particular constituencies—especially the
marginalized sectors of the masses– to participate in
public and political affairs
Participates in development work to improve the well-
being of its own and of other communities.
35. CITIZENSHIP
-It is the most basic identification of an
individual with the nation.
-Involves an awareness and understanding
of the self and the larger community,
usually the nation
36. - An individual’s citizenship
entails his or her rights and
privileges and his or her
responsibilities to the state.
