Toxicology & risk

Alligators and Endocrine Disruptors at Lake Apopka, Florida ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental health hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Infectious disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Infectious disease 2nd-leading cause of death worldwide 6 diseases account for 80% of infectious disease deaths

Many health hazards exist indoors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Toxicology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental toxicology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Synthetic chemicals are everywhere in our environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Synthetic chemicals ,[object Object]

Synthetic chemicals are numerous

Rise of synthetic chemicals ,[object Object],[object Object],The potent insecticide DDT was sprayed widely in public areas, even on people.

Silent Spring and Rachel Carson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of toxicants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of toxicants: Teratogens ,[object Object],[object Object]

Endocrine disruption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frogs, people, and atrazine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Declining sperm counts? ,[object Object]

Testicular cancer ,[object Object]

Toxicants take many routes through the environment

Toxicants concentrate in water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Airborne toxicants ,[object Object],[object Object]

Transport to the Arctic: “Global distillation”

Persistence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Poisons accumulate in tissues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Poisons move up the food chain ,[object Object],[object Object]

All toxicants are not synthetic ,[object Object],[object Object]

Studying effects of hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Wildlife toxicology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Human epidemiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mixing toxicology with anthropology ,[object Object],Drawings by nonexposed children Drawings by exposed children

Dose-response analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dose-response curve LD 50 = dose lethal to 50% of test animals Threshold = dose at which response begins

Dose-response curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors affecting toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mixtures of toxicants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Policy on toxicants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Perceiving Risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Perception different from reality ,[object Object],smoking plane crash

RISK ANALYSIS ,[object Object],Figure 18-A

RISK ANALYSIS ,[object Object],Figure 18-13

Risk assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implications for product testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implications for product testing ,[object Object],[object Object]

“ The dirty dozen” POPs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Toxicology & risk

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Toxicology & risk