1. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
IC-EDUCATION

2. What is Emotion?
William James was one of the first person who asked “What is an
Emotion?” back in 1884.

3. Definition of Emotion
 Feelings, as it turned out, are only one component of emotion.
 Yet more important than the physiological and cognitive components of
emotion is its influence on our behavior.
“What do you tend to do when you are feeling sad?”
“Why do you think people like watching funny movies?”
“What is our common reaction when we feel frightened?”

4. Definition of Emotion
o A complex experience of events that involves the physical, cognitive, and
effective (feeling) elements which cause a readiness to act.

5. What makes you?
 HAPPY?
 SAD?
 ANGRY?
 AFRAID?
 DISGUST?

6. What are the Components of
Emotion?
Widely accepted components of emotions is proposed by Nico Frijda in his book “The Emotions”
(Oatley and Jenkins, 1996)

7. Components of Emotion
o COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
evaluation of the event or situation
that usually begins the emotional
process.

8. Components of Emotion
o SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE
of emotion is the feeling component
of emotion. This is the component of
emotion we are all familiar with.

9. Components of Emotion
 READINESS TO ACT
 The tendency or an argue to
respond to an emotion –
producing situation. It is not the
actual response to emotion yet,
but it is something we may be
programmed to respond.

10. Components of Emotion
 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
 The activation of the autonomic
nervous system, particularly the
sympathetic nervous system of the
body during an emotional state.

11. Components of Emotion
 EXPRESSION
 Component of emotion that
allows people to see one's
experience of emotion. It basically
allows the communication of
emotion.

12. Components of Emotion
 RESPONSE
 The actual behavior in the entire
emotion process. It is the action
part of emotion. The final chosen
action is the response to emotion.
This action is the most important
component in the whole process,
because how the response to the
emotion is an indicator of how
well the person regulate the
emotion, either to heighten or
decrease the emotions.

13. Theories of Emotion
Charles Darwin was one of the first person who tried to understand emotions.

14. Theories of Emotion
 Charles Darwin was one of the first
persons who tried to understand
emotions.
 He made a significant contribution in
the study of emotion in his book
published in 1872.

15. James- Lange Theory
 William James and Carl Lange
proposed an idea that was
diametrically opposed to the
common-sense view. The James-
Lange Theory proposes that
physiological activity precedes the
emotional experience.
 This theory states that
 “Emotion results from physiological
states triggered by the stimuli in the
environment.

16. James- Lange Theory
Body = emotion
“Without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter would be purely
cognitive in form; pale, colorless, destitute of emotional warmth. We might then
see the bear, and judge it best to run... But we should not actually feel afraid.”
(William James, 1890)

17. Cannon – Bard Theory
 Walter Cannon and Phillip Bard
questioned the James-Lange Theory
and proposed that an emotion-
triggering stimulus and the body's
arousal take place simultaneously.

18. Cannon – Bard Theory

19. SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY
 Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer
proposed yet another theory which
suggests our physiology and
cognitions create emotions.
 Emotions have two factors–
physical arousal and cognitive
label.

20. What is Emotion Regulation?

21. Emotion Regulation
 A process of coping with emotions by modifying emotional reactions in an
attempt to accomplish a goal.
 Control of emotions also means adjusting one’s emotions in order to
appropriately deal with the current situations.

22. Components of Emotion Regulation
 How we appraise the situation (ex: either to disengage from the situation)
 How we manage our feelings (ex: suppression or expression of feelings)
 How we control bodily changes (ex: effortful to calm trembling hands)
 How we express our emotions (ex: deliberately choose our facial expression)

23. Emotion Regulation
 Dysregulation of Emotion
 Do not have the ability to control
their emotions.
 When an individual cannot
modulate one’s emotion
appropriate to the situation.

24. Development of Emotion
Regulation

25. Development of Emotion Regulation
 Begins in childhood. Understandable
that very young children do not have
this ability and may require an adult to
soothe them down.

26. Development of Emotion Regulation
Two things we should learn in Emotion Regulation:
 Cognitive Strategies
 involve the use of appraisal in dealing with emotional experience.
 Emotional Display Rules
 set of rules about socially acceptable and unacceptable expressions of
emotions under specific situations.

27. Development of Emotion Regulation
 The regulation of emotion serves as
guidance to our behavior.
 Ability to manage our emotions
allows us to achieve our goal and
direct our lives.

28. Development of Emotion Regulation
Strategies of Regulating Emotions:
 Diversion
 requires an effortful control on the part of the person.
 Disengagement
 mentally or physically disconnecting the self from the emotionally-producing
situation.
 Distraction
 much easier because this can be done by thinking or doing something else.

29. Development of Emotion Regulation
Another Strategy:
 Maintaining positive emotions.
Barbara Fredrickson
 proposed that the beneficial effects of positive emotions is that it “broadens”
people’s momentary thought-action repertoires and build their enduring
personal resources.

31. Group Members:
o Rebullar, Narella C.
o Sison, Alexander
o Laganzo, Carmela
o Ibrahim, Roslie
o Fernandez, Kami
o Amante, Kris Anne
o Bibe, Ronald
o Agustin, Maribeth
o Cabral, Mary Jane
o Domrang, Hanan