This document defines and provides examples of different types of linking words that can be used to connect ideas and sentences. It discusses linking words for adding information, summarizing, sequencing ideas, giving reasons, giving results, and contrasting ideas. Specific linking words are provided for each category with short example sentences using some of the words.

1. Linking
words

2. Definition
 Linking words help you to connect ideas and
sentences, so that people can follow your
ideas.
 For example:
For example For instance Namely

3. Types of
 Adding information
 Summarising
 Sequencing ideas
 Giving a reason
 Giving a result
 Contrasting ideas
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here

4. Adding information
 As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides

5.  Recycling is an easy way to
conserve natural resources;
furthermore, it can help reduce
garbage disposal costs.
Examples
 Besides homework, there was
nothing for you to do.

6. Summarising
 In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
 In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
 We normally use these words at the beginning of a sentence to
give a summary of what we have said or written.

7.  To sum up, I would like to say that Sergio
Markarian position seems to me to be
very coherent.
 Peru played bad against Venezuela.
yesterday. In a nutshell: Disqualified.
Examples

8.  The former, … the latter
Firstly, secondly, finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
Sequencing ideas

9.  "Marketing and finance are both covered
in the course. The former is studied in the
first term and the latter is studied in the
final term.
Examples

10.  Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Giving reasons

11.  Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation
rate rose by 1.25%.
 Since the company is expanding, we
need to hire more staff.
Examples

12.  Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Giving a result

13.  The company are expanding. Therefore /
So / Consequently / As a result, they are
taking on extra staff.
 DATA: all are possible
Examples

14.  But
However
Although / even though
Despite / despite the fact that
In spite of / in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theory… in practice…
Constrasting ideas

15.  Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap
petrol.
 While my sister has blue eyes, mine are
brown.
 In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts.
Examples

16.  We hope you learnt something