1. BIOMOLECULES
Molecules of Life

2. What is a Biomolecule?
 Any Molecule that is
created by a living
organism
 All of our food is
made of
biomolecules

4. Three Basic Types
 Carbohydrates –
Three types
 Proteins- Infinite
variety
 Fats- Two basic
types

5. Carbohydrates
 Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen, and
Oxygen
 Identifiers
 Hydrogen:Oxygen
ratio is 2:1
 Basic Form is a ring

6. Three Basic Types of
Carbohydrates
 Monosaccharide-
Simple Sugar
 Example: Glucose
 Single Carbon Ring –
C6H12O6
 Test: Benedicts
 Ready to be used by
body. No digestion
required.

7. Building a monosaccharide
 Look in the text book at a picture of a
glucose molecule.(page 37)
 Use your text to help you draw a picture
of your model

8. Three Basic Types of
Carbohydrates
 Disaccharide-
Complex sugars
 Example: Sucrose
 Two Carbon Rings-
2(C6H12O6)
 Test: Benedicts
 Digested with
pancreatic enzymes
in small intestine in
duodenum

9. Building a disaccharide
 Look in the book. What type of
reaction occurs when two
monosaccharides are joined together?
(page 38)
 What type of molecule is released?
 Draw a picture of a disaccharide

10. Three Basic Types of
Carbohydrates
 Polysaccharides:
Starches
 Example: Pasta, rice,
bread, potatoes
 Three or more
carbon rings(usually
over 100)
 Test: Lugols
 Digested with saliva
and pancreatic
enzymes

11. Three Basic Types of
Carbohydrates
 All are created by
plants through
process of
photosynthesis
 Uses- Food source
for all animals

12. Proteins
 Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, also
contain Nitrogen
 Identifier: NH2 and
COOH functional groups
 Infinite Variety-
 Made from combinations
of 20 different amino
acids

13. Proteins
 Test- Ninhydrin, and
Buirets
 Origin – Protein
Synthesis
 Uses – Forms tissue
of all plants and
animals

14. Proteins
 Provides amino
acids for our body to
carry out protein
synthesis
 Digestion- Begins in
stomach with HCl,
completed in small
intestine with
pancreatic enzymes

15. From the textbook
 Look up amino acids and proteins (page
42-43)
 What type of reaction occurs when two
amino acids combine to form a di-
peptide (protein)?
 How is this similar to the formation of a
disaccharide?

16. Fats – Two Types
 Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen and
Oxygen
 Identifier-
Hydrogen/oxgen
ratio is greater than
2:1
 Test- Brown paper
bag – see oily spot

17. Fats – Two Types
 Saturated
 Example: Butter
 All Carbon bonds are
single (saturated
with hydrogen)
 Test- Solid at room
temperature

18. Fats – Two Types
 Unsaturated
 Example: olive oil,
canola oil
 Some carbon bonds
are double (not
saturated with
hydrogen)
 Test- Liquid at room
temperature

19. Fats – Two Types
 Origin- Built by liver
from excess glucose
for long term
storage
 Glycerol molecule
bonds with 3 fatty
acids

20. Fats – Two Types
 Uses:
 Store energy
 Insulation
 Lubrication
 Cell membrane
 Broken down with bile in small
intestine, then digested by pancreatic
enzymes

21. STOP HERE

22. Look at the models of Fatty
acids?
 What do you notice about the stability of
the two molecules?
 From your observations, why are
unsaturated fats liquid at room
temperature?

23. Mystery Food
 You are a forensic scientist who has
discovered a mystery food product at
the scene of a crime.
 You take it back to the laboratory to
determine what it is made from.
 Use the information in your notes to
design an experiment to determine
which biomolecules are present

24. Mystery Food
 Note the directions with each
experiment.
 How will you determine how to
interpret the results?
 We will be writing a WASL style
application write-up

25. CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
 Challenge: What biomolecules are in the
unknown?
 Rules: What are Biomolecules? What are the
chemical differences between them? Write
this information from your notes.
 Gather information: What tests can be used
to identify each type of biomolecule? Write
this from your notes.
 Safety: Eye protection when using hotplate

26. CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
 Explore ideas: Try each indicator with each of
the various known biomolecules to see what
they look like. Follow Directions for each
indicator.
 Make a data table to record your data

27. Data Table
Record color/observations with:
Benedicts Fehlings Lugols Ninhydrin Buirets Brn pap.
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Gelatin
MSG

28. Now determine the Unknown
 Plan Summary: Describe how you will determine
the unknown?
 Provide step by step description of your
experiment
 List all materials you will need to solve the
problem
 Check off ___Have someone read your
application to be sure it is complete

29. CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
 Test Solution: Carry out your tests. What will
you do for repetition?
 Test Results: Set up a data table to record all
reaction results with the unknown
 Description of Actual Results: Describe the
color reactions you got on the mystery
powder with each test. How do they
compare with the results with the known
biomolecules?

30. CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
 Conclusion: What will you report to the
D.A. about the mystery powder? What
information will you use to be
persuasive?

31. CSI: Mysery Powder to Trace
 What is one feature of your test that
gives you confidence in your results?
 What is another feature of your test
that makes you unsure of your results?

32. Understanding Biomolecules
 Biomolecules contain energy we need to live!
 Make a diagram that shows the energy transfers
that occur in the life of a monosaccharide: Begin
with the sun.
 Show both where energy is transferred, and what types
of energy transfers are involved. Remember there are
light, thermal, chemical, and mechanical energy
transfers.