Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications

1. ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N | # 8 ∙ 2 0 1 7 5GNETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY (5G) core network Request to prioritize vehicle data traffic Data traffic prioritization interface Scania bus Ericsson test network at Scania test track Control plane User plane Prioritized video traffic Prioritized control traffic Non-prioritized traffic (e.g. mobile broadband, infotainment) User plane User plane Scania command center Remote driver Ericsson Cloud Network traffic prioritization Internet

2. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 2 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 A key differentiator of 5G systems from previous generations will be a higher degree of programmability. Instead of a one-size-fits- all mobile broadband service, 5G will provide the flexibility to tailor QoS to connectivity services to meet the demands of enterprise customers.Thisenablesanewrange of mission-critical use cases, such as those involving connected cars, manufacturing robots, remote surgery equipment, precision agriculture equipment, and so on. ■ Networkprogrammabilitycansupportrapid deploymentofnewusecasesbycombining cloud-basedserviceswithmobilenetwork infrastructureandtakingadvantageofnewlevels offlexibility.Further,networkprogrammabilitywill enableagreaternumberofenterprisecustomersto usesuchservices,andconsumerswillbenefitfrom auniqueandpersonalizedexperience. Anumberofusecasesinmission-critical scenarioscanbenefitfromQoSprogrammability becauseacellularnetwork’sconnectivity requirements–includinglatency,throughput, servicelifetimeandcost–varywidelyacross differentusecases.Tosupportthemall,wehave developedanapplicationprogramminginterface (API)thatallowsthirdpartiestospecifyand requestnetworkQoS.Wehavealsodemonstrated theusefulnessofthisAPIonatestmobilenetwork usingatransport-relatedusecase. Aspartofthisusecase,wehavebeencollaborating withcommercialvehiclemanufacturerScaniato developtheQoSrequirementsforteleoperation. Teleoperationistheremoteoperationofan autonomousvehiclebyahumanoperatorincases wherethevehicleencountersasituationthatthe autonomoussystemcannotovercomebyitself(a roadobstacleormalfunction,forexample). RAFIA INAM, ATHANASIOS KARAPANTELAKIS, LEONID MOKRUSHIN, ELENA FERSMAN 5G will make it possible for mobile network operators to support enterprises in a wide range of industry segments by providing cellular connectivity to mission-critical applications. The ability to expose policy control to enterprise verticals will create new business opportunities for mobile network operators by enabling a new value chain through the integration of telecom with other industries. FOR MISSION-CRITICAL APPLICATIONS 5Gnetwork programmability

3. 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY ✱ 3JANUARY 26, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Driversofnetworkprogrammability Thekeydriversbehindthecreationofa programmablenetworkaretheneedtoaccelerate timetomarket,andthedesiretoreduceoperational costsandtakeadvantageofthebusiness opportunitiespresentedbyanewmission-critical servicemarket.Inaprogrammablenetwork, traditionalnetworkfunctionsrequiringspecialized hardwarearereplacedwithsoftwarefunctions hostedoncommercialoff-the-shelfinfrastructure. Technologiessuchassoftware-definednetworking andnetworkfunctionsvirtualizationareessential tocuttingoperationalandcapitalcostsinmobile networks. Cloud-basedservicesandapplicationsare enablersforprogrammability.Serviceprovisioning inthecloudandmanagedaccesstotheprovisioned servicesandapplicationsareimportant.This requirescollaborationbetweentelecomandother industries(ITapplicationandcontentproviders, andautomotiveoriginalequipmentmanufacturers, forexample).Onewaytosimplifyandacceleratethe deploymentofservicesandapplicationsfrom industryverticalsistheautomatictranslationof industrialrequirementstoservicerequirements, andthenontoresource-levelrequirements(in otherwords,networkrequirements).Network slicingprovidesadedicated,virtualizedmobile networkcontainingasetofnetworkresources,and providesguaranteedQoS.Thenetworkslicesare notonlybeneficialbutalsocriticaltosupportmany applicationsinverticalindustries. Newnetworkcommunicationservicescanalso beprovisionedprogrammatically;thatis, byusingasoftwareserviceorchestrationfunction insteadofmanualprovisioningbyengineers. Asorchestrationwillalsobeusedforprovisioning connectivityservicestomission-critical applications,mobilenetworksneedtosupport QoSprogrammability. Mission-criticalIntelligent TransportationSystemusecases 5Gwillsupportadiverserangeofusecases indifferentindustrysectors,eachputtingitsown QoSrequirementsonthemobilenetwork[1].Itis possibletousenetworkprogrammabilitytorealize mission-criticalusecaseswithQoSrequirements bycreatinghighlyspecializedservicestailored toindustrialneedsandpreferences. Featureslikelowerlatency(reactiontimesthat arefivetimesfaster),higherthroughput(10to100 timeshigherdatarate)andanenormousincreasein thenumberofconnecteddevices(10to100times more)cansupportthelarge-scaleuseofmassive machine-typecommunication(mMTC)and mission-criticalMTC(MC-MTC)usecasesforthe firsttime.Further,adedicatednetworkslicewould meetthespecificrequirementsofeachusecase. InmMTCusecases,alargenumberofsensors andactuatorsareconnectedusingashort-range radio(capillarynetwork)toabasestation(eNodeB) usingalowprotocoloverheadtosavethebattery lifeofthedevices. Thisrequiresanetworkslicewithbroadcoverage, smalldatavolumesfrommassivenumbersof devices.MC-MTCusecasesemphasizelower latency(downtoalevelofmilliseconds), Terms and abbreviations AAR–AuthenticationAuthorizationRequest|AF–applicationfunction|API –applicationprogramminginterface eNB–eNodeB|EPC–EvolvedPacketCore|EPS–EvolvedPacketSystem|HSS–HomeSubscriberServer| ITS–IntelligentTransportationSystem|MME–MobilityManagementEntity|mMTC–massivemachine-type communication|MTC–machine-typecommunication|PCRF–policyandchargingrulesfunction|PDN–packet datanetwork|PGW–PDNgateway|QCI–QoSclassidentifier|Rx–radioreceiver|SAPC–Service-Aware PolicyController|SGW–servicegateway|UDP–UserDatagramProtocol |UE–userequipment

4. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 4 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 robusttransmissionandmultileveldiversitydue totheirmission-criticalnatureand,consequently, needanetworksliceofverylowlatency,high reliabilityandavailability(packetlossdownto 10-9).Thisispossiblebycreatingasliceofveryhigh priority.Weenvisionrealizingtheseusecases withaflexiblenetworkprogrammabilitytechnique. Thecurrentfocusofourresearchiswithinthe IntelligentTransportationSystem(ITS)domain andincludesafew5GusecasesinmMTCand MC-MTC,includingtransportationandlogistics, autonomouscarsandteleoperatedvehicles. Transportationandlogistics Thelowerlatencyandhighthroughputof5G willsupportmultipleusecasesrelatedtoconnected cars,transportationandretaillogisticsthat consistoffleetsofconnected/driverlessvehicles transportingpeopleandgoods.Thekeynetwork requirementsformission-criticalautomotive drivingarehighthroughputandlowlatencyupto 100ms.Failureisnotanoptioninthesecases. Therearealsomanypotentialsub-usecases. Forexample,ajourneyfromAtoBinadriverless vehiclecouldinvolvevehicle-to-vehicleconnections, connectionsbetweenvehiclesandstreet infrastructurefortrafficmanagement,and high-speedreliableconnectivitytosupportcloud applications. Autonomousvehicles Thevisionoffullyautonomousvehiclesaimsto reducetherisksassociatedwithhumanerror. Asystemtoachievethisvisionwouldneedto connectthecarsandtheroadinfrastructurewith 1mslatencyinallareas(100percentcoverage). Unfortunately,1mslatencyiscurrentlynotpossible inmobilenetworks.However,thebandwidth requirementstomakethispossiblearenot excessive,asonlyvehiclecontroldataneedstobe communicated.Thiscapabilityisexpectedin5G. Teleoperationofvehicles Theabilitytocontrolaself-drivingvehiclefroma distanceisanimportantusecasethatisneededin publictransportationwhenanonboard,autonomous systemfacesadifficultsituation,suchasatraffic accident,anunexpecteddemonstration,unscheduled roadworksorflooding.Thesescenariosrequirethe planningofanalternateroute,andanoperator needstodrivethevehicleremotelyforashorttime. Anothercasecouldbeamechanicalmalfunctionor aninjuryonabusthatrequiresremoteintervention tomitigatetheriskofdangertoothers.Network requirementsforremotemonitoringandcontrol includebroadcoverage,highdatathroughputand lowlatencytoenablecontinuousvideostreaming andtheabilitytosendcommandsbetweenaremote operationscenterandavehicle[2]. WhyanAPI? ToguaranteeQoSforthethreeITScasesdescribed above(andmission-criticalusecasesingeneral) mobilenetworkoperatorstypicallygothrough manualnetworkplanningandconfigurations. Examplesincludeconfiguringmanualdataroutes viadifferentrouters,configuringDifferentiated Servicesandallocatingdedicatedspectrumranges toeachusecase.However,doingthisiscostlybecause itrequirestheconfigurationanddeploymentof networkequipment.Norisitparticularlyfeasible, asthiskindofconfigurationdeploymentcannotbe donemerelyinpartsofthetransportnetwork(such asbackhaul).If,ontheotherhand,theresources werevirtualizedandtherewassoftwarethatcould setuptheseroutesoverthesamephysicalnetwork link,bothofthelimitingfactorswouldbeeliminated: thecostofconfigurationandthedeploymentof multipleroutes.Asaresult,itwouldbeboth financiallyandtechnicallyfeasibletosupport theseusecasesconcurrently. Itisclearthatoperatorswillnotbeableto WEENVISIONREALIZING THESEUSECASESWITHA FLEXIBLENETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY TECHNIQUE

5. 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY ✱ 5JANUARY 26, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW supportthevolumeanddiversityofusecases withthecurrentnetworkmanagementapproach. Theyneedadifferentmeansofmanagingthe networktostaycompetitive.Inourview, developinganAPIisthelogicalfirststeptoward exposingaprogrammablenetworktotheindustry verticals.Thisapproachwillresultinasolutionthat ismoreresponsivethanrigidcommercialofferings, suchaspreconfiguredsubscriptionpackages. ArchitectureoftheEricsson-Scaniaproject Teleoperatingabusrequiresdatafromsensorson thebus,includingavideofeedfromacameraatthe frontthatisstreamedtoaremoteoperationscenter overLTEradioaccesswithanevolved5Gcore network.Thecommandstodrivethebusaresent fromthecentertothebususingScania’scommand system. Figure1illustratesthedatastreamsthatneedto beprioritizedtomeetQoSdemands:sensordata, thevideofeedoriginatingfromthevehicleuser equipment(UE)andthecommandstoremotely drivethebus.Sendingthesedatastreamsover low-prioritydatatraffic(likeinfotainment) isacriticalrequirement.WeusedQOSclass identifier(QCI)bearers,asdetailedinthe corresponding3GPPstandard,toenforcethis prioritization.WeassignedQCIclass5and2to videoandsensordatarespectivelyandlowest- priorityQCIclass9toinfotainment.Inourlab environment,wehaveconfirmedthatthehigh- prioritystreams(QCI2and5)canbekept regardlessoftheamountoflow-priority backgrounddatatrafficinthenetwork[3,4]. Thenextstepwillbetotestourtestbedsetup fortheprioritizedvideostreaminthepresence ofthenetworkloadduetoinfotainment-type backgroundtraffic. Howitworks Acloud-hostedapplicationfunction(AF) dynamicallysetsupvirtualconnectionsbetween vehiclesandthe5GEvolvedPacketCore(EPC) network,withspecificQoSattributes,suchas designatedlatencylevelsandguaranteedthroughput. Figure2illustratesthearchitectureofthesystem onwhichwehaveimplementedtheAPI.Inaddition todeployingastandardEPCandLTEband-40RAN, anAFisdeployedonanOpenStack-managedcloud. Thisapplicationfunctionalityallowsthirdparties tosetupQoSfortheirUEsthroughanAPI. TheAFconsistsofthefollowingcomponents: aknowledgebasemodule,anAPIendpointmodule andatransformer. Knowledgebasemodule Thismodulemapsdomain-specificconcepts tothegenericconcepts.Theknowledgebaseis implementedasagraphdatabase,hasaschema ofgeneralconceptsandcanbeextendedwith additionaldomainconceptdocumentsthat instantiatethegeneralconceptschema.Theschema includesabasicvocabularyofgeneralconceptsthat modelQoSrequests.Theseconceptscanbe instantiatedindomainconceptsforaspecific enterprise.Inourcase,theenterprise isautomotive. Withintheknowledgebasemodule,an“agent” isastringthatissemanticallyrelatedtothemobile deviceforwhichQoSisrequested.Inourcase,the agentisinstantiatedwiththe“vehicle”domain concept.QoSclassidentifiers(QCIs)areindicators ofnetworkQoSforagivenagent.TheQCIconcept wasintroducedin3GPPTS23.203Release8, withadditionalclassesbeingintroducedin Release12andRelease14. EveryQCIclasshasanintegeridentifier,for exampleQCI1orQCI2,andismappedtoasetof QoSmetricssuchasanindicatorofpriorityofdata traffic,anupperceilingfornetworklatencyand,in somecases,guaranteedbitrate.Inourcase, QCIsareinstantiatedwithdomainconceptsfor real-timevehicletrafficdomainconcepts. Forexample,QCI3isinstantiatedas“vehicle_ control_traffic”andQCI4isinstantiatedas “vehicle_video_traffic.”Forusersbrowsingtheir mobiledevicesinthevehicles,weinstantiatea low-priorityclassQCI9as vehicle_web_browsing.” Datatrafficdescriptorsaregenericcontentsthat canconfigureeachQCI.Theconfiguration

6. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 6 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 pertainstoacharacterizationofthetrafficinterms ofrequiredthroughputforboth“uplink”and “downlink,”theformerbeingdatatraffic transmittedfromtheagentandthelatterbeingthe opposite.Optionally,descriptorsmayalsocontain thetypeofdatapacketsexchanged(forexample, UDP/IPorTCP/IP),aswellaspotentiallytheport orportrange.Forexample,inthecaseof “vehicle_control_traffic,”thedatatraffic descriptoridentifiesanuplinkbandwidth of1Mbpsandadownlinkbandwidthof1Kbps. Acombinationofagents,QCIsandtheir associateddatatrafficdescriptorsarestored intheknowledgebaseasadomainconcept document.Everyusecasehasitsowndomain conceptdocument,whileeachspecificenterprise hasmorethanonedocument.Forexample,inour case,thereisan“automotive/teleoperation” document.However,otherdocumentsfor automotivecanalsoexist,suchas“automotive/ autonomousdrive”or“automotive/remotefleet management.”Becausethedataisstoredaslinked data,conceptsfromone domainconceptdocument canbereusedinanother. APIendpointmodule ThismodulecomposesAPIspecificationsfrom everydomainconceptdocumentintheknowledge base.ThisAPIspecificationisRESTful,uses symmetricencryption(HTTPS)andcanbecalled Figure 1 Prioritized data streams to meet QoS demands (5G) core network Request to prioritize vehicle data traffic Data traffic prioritization interface Scania bus Ericsson test network at Scania test track Control plane User plane Prioritized video traffic Prioritized control traffic Non-prioritized traffic (e.g. mobile broadband, infotainment) User plane User plane Scania command center Remote driver Ericsson Cloud Network traffic prioritization Internet

7. 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY ✱ 7JANUARY 26, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Figure 2 Architecture for programmable QoS in existing an LTE EPC network Knowledge base API endpoint Ericsson research cloud Generic API call UEUE eNB Domain knowledge definition Domain semantics Third party AF EPC QoS setup Uu Uu Rx S6a S5/S8 S1-MME S1-U S1-MME S1-U UEUE eNB Uu Uu HSS SAPCPGW SGW MME Transformer Gx fromanythirdparty.TheseAPIcallsgettranslated intogenericconceptcallsthataresubsequently senttothetransformermodule.Notethat,in additiontoanAPIcallforsetupofspecializedQoS, thereisanotherAPIcallforteardownofthisQoS. Forexample,whenavehicleisdecommissioned ordoesnotneedtobeteleoperated,therecanbe acalltoteardowntheQoStunnel,sonetwork resourcescanbeallocatedtoUEsinothervehicles ordevices.Figure3providesanoverviewof domain-specificandgenericrequests. Transformermodule Thetransformermoduletranslatesgenericrequests forQoStoRxAARrequests,astheserequestsare specifiedin3GPPTS29.214.TheRxrequestsare sentdirectlytothePCRFnodeinordertosetup the“EPSbearer”(inotherwords,thedatatunnel withtherequestedQoS).Asisthecasewiththe endpointmodule,thetransformermodulecanalso translateateardownrequesttoanRxrequestto reverttothelowest-prioritydefaultbearer (inmostcases,QCI9). CONCEPTSFROM ONEDOMAINCONCEPT DOCUMENTCANBEREUSED INANOTHER

8. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 8 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 Figure 3 Overview of requests Domain specific request Generic request Description of the request GET /vehicle GET /agent Retrieve QoS information for all UEs GET /vehicle/<IP> GET /agent/<IP> Retrieve QoS information for one UE, based on its IP address GET /qos GET /qos Retrieve QoS for all UEs GET /qos/vehicle_control_traffic GET /qos/QCI3 Retrieve all UEs with QCI3 bearer setup POST /qos/ { “source_IP”:<src_IP>, “source_port”:<src_port>, “destination_IP”:<dst_IP>, “destination_port”:<dst_port>, “qos_class”:”vehicle_control_ traffic”, “protocol”:”TCP”, “type”:”vehicle_video_stream” } POST /qos { “source_IP”:<src_IP>, “source_port”:<src_port>, “destination_IP”:<dst_IP>, “destination_port”:<dst_port> “qos_class”:”QCI3”, “protocol”:”TCP”, “max-requested-bandwidth- UL”:”1024, “max-requested-bandwidth- DL”:”100” } Set QoS for UE with IP src_ IP and port src_port toward destination with IP dst_IP and port dst_port. Protocol in this example is TCP but it can also be UDP. DELETE /vehicle { “source_IP”:<src_IP>, “source_port”:<src_port>, “destination_IP”:<dst_IP>, “destination_port”:<dst_port>, “protocol”:”TCP” } DELETE /agent { “source_IP”:<src_IP>, “source_port”:<src_port>, “destination_IP”:<dst_IP>, “destination_port”:<dst_port>, “protocol”:”TCP” } Remove QoS for UE with given source and destination IP and port

9. 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY ✱ 9JANUARY 26, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Testbedresults ToassessQoS,weperformedexperimentsonthe uplinkprioritizedvideostreamusingQCI5inthe presenceofthenetworkloadduetoinfotainment- typebackgroundtrafficusingQCI9.Thetotal measuredavailablebandwidthonthenetwork wasapproximately8.55Mbps.Wetestedseveral networkloadscenariosandmeasuredtheresults againstthreebackgroundtrafficconditions: 〉〉 none(0Mbps) 〉〉 some(4.2Mbpsor49percentoftheavailablebandwidth) 〉〉 extreme(8.55Mbpsor100percentoftheavailable bandwidth) Wemeasuredboththroughputandone-way networkdelayunderthesetrafficconditions. Wealsomeasuredtheratioofpacketslost versuspacketssenttotestthethroughput qualityofthenetworkforthreedifferent qualitiesofvideostreams: 〉〉 excellent(6Mbpsor70percentoftheavailablebandwidth) 〉〉 good(3Mbpsor35percentoftheavailablebandwidth) 〉〉 borderlinedrivable(2Mbpsor23percentoftheavailable bandwidth) Borderlinedrivableistheminimumrequirementto performteleoperation.Weobtainedthepacket Figure 4 Packet loss (in percentage of total packets) in best effort (QCIŁ9) and prioritized (QCI5) bearers 100.000 10.000 1.000 0.100 0.010 0.001 No background traffic (0 Mbps) Some background traffic (4.2Mbps) QCI9 QCI5 No background traffic (0 Mbps) Some background traffic (4.2Mbps) Extreme background traffic (8.55Mbps) Extreme background traffic (8.55Mbps) 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 2Mbps video 3Mbps video 6Mbps video 0.049715 0.045638 0.042681 0.048628 0.045809 0.050838 0.049232 0.046540 0.046033 0.053639 0.051253 0.057156 0.044295 50.7720697 45.764087 47.333316 1.3418724 5.086253 Color interpretation <= 0.08% packet loss: unnoticeable in video >0.08 – 0.5%: ghosting effect 0.5% – 1%: artificial movement/dropped frames 1% – 5%: long pauses 5%+ impossible to follow Percentageofpacketslost

10. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 10 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 Further reading 〉〉 YouTube, Remote bus driving over 5G, November 2016 : https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=lPyzGTD5FtM 〉〉 Ericsson Research blog, 5G teleoperated vehicles for future public transport, June 8, 2017, Berggren, V; Fersman, E; Inam, R; Karapantelakis, A; Mokrushin, L; Schrammar, N; Vulgarakis, A; Wang, K : https://www. ericsson.com/research-blog/5g/5g-teleoperated- vehicles-future-public-transport/ 〉〉 EricssonMobilityReport,June2017: https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility- report/documents/2017/ericsson-mobility-report- june-2017.pdf droprequirementsfromempiricalobservations duringtestdriving.Wetookatotalof160 measurementsforeachexperimentandplotted thegraphsbasedontherespectiveaveragevalue. Measurementsfromthe5G-networktestbed showthatresourceprioritizationcanassure predefinedQoSlevelsformission-critical applications,regardlessofbackgroundtraffic. Figure4illustratesguaranteeduplinkpacketloss foracriticalapplication,inwhichtheacceptable packetlossoflessthanorequalto0.08percentis unnoticeableinthevideostream.Thisistrueeven withextremebackgroundtrafficwhenthesystemis congested–thecriticaltrafficisstillservedwithno performancedegradation. However,asFigure4alsoillustrates,forthe non-prioritizedinfotainmenttraffic(QCI9)the packetlossincreasesheavilywiththeincrease inthebackgroundtraffic,introducinglongpauses andmakingteleoperationimpossibleevenfora lowerlevelofcongestion. Whenwemeasuredtheuplinkdelay,wefound thatitispreserved(remainingatlessthan34ms) forthecriticalvideotrafficevenwhenthesystem exhibitscongestion.Forthenon-prioritizedtraffic, thedelayreachesupto600msduringcongestion. Thenextstepistodeveloptheconceptfora self-serviceportalwherenetworkcustomers couldspecifyQoSrequirementsontheirownterms; forexample,toprioritize4Kvideotrafficfor 40busesinanurbanscenario.Thesoftwarewould thentranslatethisspecificationintoinstructions fornetworkresourceprioritization. Conclusion 5Gattributessuchasnetworkslicingandlow latencywillsoonmakemission-criticalusecases suchassafe,autonomouspublictransportareality. Automatednetworkresourceprioritizationviaa programmableAPIcansupportnetworkQoSfor diverseusecaseswithdifferentconnectivity requirementsonthecellularnetwork.Bydeveloping anAPIthatallowsathirdpartytorequestnetwork resourcesandimplementingitonatestmobile network,wehavedemonstratedhowthetechnology worksinanurbantransport-relatedusecasewith Scania.Theinitialresultsshowthatthroughputand latencyaremaintainedforhigh-prioritystreams regardlessofthenetworkload.

11. 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY ✱ 11JANUARY 26, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Rafia Inam ◆ joined Ericsson Research in 2015. She works as a senior researcher in the area of machine intelligence and automation, and her research interests include 5G management, service modeling, virtualization of resources, reusability of real-time software and ITSs. Inam received her M.S. from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2010. She received her Licentiate and doctoral degrees from Mälardalen University in Västerås, Sweden in 2012 and 2014 respectively. Her paper, “Towards automated service-oriented lifecycle management for 5G networks”, won a best paper award in 2015. Athanasios Karapantelakis ◆ joined Ericsson in 2007 and currently works as a master research engineer in the area of machine intelligence and automation. He holds a B.Sc. in computer science from the University of Crete in Greece and an M.Sc. and Licentiate of Engineering in communication systems from KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. His background is in software engineering. Leonid Mokrushin ◆ is a senior specialist in the area of cognitive technologies. His current focus is on investigating what technological opportunities artificial intelligence may bring to Ericsson by creating and prototyping innovative concepts in the context of new industrial and telco use cases. He joined Ericsson Research in 2007 after postgraduate studies at Uppsala University in Sweden. He holds an M.Sc. in software engineering from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Elena Fersman ◆ is head of machine intelligence and automation at Ericsson Research and an adjunct professor in cyber-physical systems at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. She holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Uppsala University in Sweden and did post- doctoral research at École normale supérieure Paris- Saclay, France, before starting her industrial career. Her current research interests are in the areas of modeling and analysis and of software- and knowledge- intensive intelligent systems applied to 5G and IoT. theauthors Theauthors wouldliketo acknowledge theworkof Keven(Qi)Wang onthisproject duringhisstayat Ericsson. References 1. IEEE,InternationalConferenceonIntelligentTransportationSystems(November2016)–Feasibility AssessmenttoRealiseVehicleTeleoperationusingCellularNetworks–RafiaInam,NicolasSchrammar,Keven Wang,AthanasiosKarapantelakis,LeonidMokrushin,AnetaVulgarakisFeljanandElenaFersman,availableat: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7795920/ 2. IEEE,InternationalConferenceonFutureInternetofThingsandCloud(August2016)–DevOpsforIoT ApplicationsUsingCellularNetworksandCloud–AthanasiosKarapantelakis,HongxinLiang,KevenWang, KonstantinosVandikas,RafiaInam,ElenaFersman,IgnacioMulas-Viela,NicolasSeyvetandVasileios Giannokostas,availableat:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7575883/ 3. EricssonMobilityReport,ImprovingPublicTransportwith5G,November2015,availableat:https://www. ericsson.com/res/docs/2015/mobility-report/emr-nov-2015-improving-public-transport-with-5g.pdf 4. IEEE,ConferenceonEmergingTechnologiesandFactoryAutomation(September2015)–Towardsautomated service-orientedlifecyclemanagementfor5Gnetworks(BestPaper)–RafiaInam,AthanasiosKarapantelakis, KonstantinosVandikas,LeonidMokrushin,AnetaVulgarakisFeljan,andElenaFersman,availableat:http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7301660/

12. ✱ 5G NETWORK PROGRAMMABILITY 12 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 26, 2018 ISSN 0014-0171 284 23-3306 | Uen © Ericsson AB 2018 Ericsson SE-164 83 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 10 719 0000

Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications

Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications

Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances(20)

Similaire à Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications

Similaire à Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications(20)

Plus de Ericsson

Plus de Ericsson(17)

Dernier

Dernier(20)

Ericsson Technology Review: 5G network programmability for mission-critical applications