Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless connectivity

1. Asset monitoring Wireless sensors Non-real-time Soft real-time Mobile robots Automated guided vehicles Hard real-time Time-critical closed-loop control Wi-Fi Low (milliseconds) Low High High (seconds) End-to-end latency Reliability (with load) Wi-Fi MulteFire LTE NR Unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum MulteFire LTE NR ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N | # 0 2 ∙ 2 0 1 9 5GANDSMART MANUFACTURING

2. ✱ 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING 2 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 Industry 4.0 – the fourth industrial revolution – is already transforming the manufacturing industry, with the vision of highly efficient, connected and flexible factories of the future quickly becoming a reality in many sectors. Fully connected factories will rely on cloud technologies, as well as connectivity based on Ethernet Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and wireless 5G radio. JOACHIM SACHS, KENNETH WALLSTEDT, FREDRIK ALRIKSSON, GÖRAN ENEROTH The goal of Industry 4.0 is to maximize efficiency by creating full transparency across all processes and assets at all times. Achieving this requires communication between goods, production systems, logistics chains, people and processes throughout a product’s complete life cycle, spanning everything from design, ordering, manufacturing, delivery and field maintenance to recycling and reuse. The integration of 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in the manufacturing process has great potential to accelerate the transformation of the manufacturing industry and make smart factories more efficient and productive. ■ Today’sstate-of-the-artfactoriesare predominantlybuiltonahierarchicalnetworkdesign thatfollowstheindustrialautomationpyramid,as showninFigure1.Thefourthindustrialrevolution willrequireatransitionfromthissegmentedand hierarchicalnetworkdesigntowardafullyconnected one.Thistransition,incombinationwiththe introductionof5Gwirelesscommunication technology,willprovideveryhighflexibilityin buildingandconfiguringproductionsystemson demand.Theabilitytoextractmoreinformationfrom themanufacturingprocessandfeeditintoadigital representationknownasthe“digitaltwin”[1]enables moreadvancedplanningprocesses,includingplant simulationandvirtualcommissioning.Initiativeslike the5GAllianceforConnectedIndustriesand smart manufacturingWITH 5G WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY BOOSTING

3. 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 3 Automation(5G-ACIA)[2]showthatindustries recognizethisneedfor5Gtechnology. ThelowersectionofFigure1isoftenreferred toastheoperationaltechnology(OT)partofthe manufacturingplant,comprisingboththefield level(industrialdevicesandcontrollers)andthe manufacturingexecutionsystem.Thetopsection istheinformationtechnology(IT)part,madeup ofgeneralenterpriseresourceplanning.For connectivityatfieldlevel,avarietyoffieldbusand industrialEthernettechnologiesaretypicallyused. EthernetandIParewellestablishedcommunication protocolsathigherlevels(ITandthetoppartofOT). TheOTnetworkdomainiscurrentlydominated (>90percent)bywiredtechnologies[3]andisa heavilyfragmentedmarketwithtechnologiessuchas PROFIBUS,PROFINET,EtherCAT,Sercosand Modbus.Currentlydeployedwirelesssolutions (whicharetypicallywirelessLANbasedusing unlicensedspectrum)constituteonlyasmallfraction Figure 1 Hierarchical network design based on the industrial automation pyramid IT domain OT domain Field level Enterprise resource planning Manufacturing execution system GW GWIndustrial controllers Industrial devices Definition of key terms ❭❭ Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) refers to a 5G service category that provides the ability to successfully deliver a message within a specified latency bound with a specified reliability, such as delivering a message within 1ms with a probability of 99.9999 percent. ❭❭ The fourth industrial revolution is considered to be the fourth big step in industry modernization, enabled by cyber-physical systems, digitalization and ubiquitous connectivity provided by 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It is also referred to as Industry 4.0.

4. ✱ 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING 4 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 oftheinstalledbase;theymainlyplayarolefor wirelesslyconnectingsensorswherecommunication requirementsarenon-critical. Today,thefieldlevelconsistsofconnectivity islandsthatareseparatedbygateways(GWs),which helpstoprovidetherequiredperformancewithin eachconnectivityisland.TheGWsarealsoneeded forprotocoltranslationbetweenthedifferent industrialnetworkingtechnologies.However,this segmenteddesignputslimitationsonthe digitalizationoffactories,asinformationwithin onepartofthefactorycannotbeeasilyextracted andusedelsewhere. Onenear-termbenefitofleveragingwireless connectivityinfactoriesisthesignificantreduction intheamountofcablesused,whichreducescost, sincecablesaretypicallyveryexpensivetoinstall, rearrangeorreplace.Inaddition,wireless connectivityenablesnewusecasesthatcannotbe implementedwithwiredconnectivity,suchas movingrobots,automatedguidedvehiclesandthe trackingofproductsastheymovethroughthe productionprocess.Wirelessconnectivityalso makesitpossibletoachievegreaterfloorplanlayout flexibilityanddeployfactoryequipmentmoreeasily. Keymanufacturingindustryrequirements Themanufacturingindustryhasspecific5G requirementsthatdiffersignificantlyfrompublic mobilebroadband(MBB)services.Theseinclude URLLCwithultra-highavailabilityandresilience, whichcanonlybesatisfiedwithadedicatedlocal networkdeploymentusinglicensedspectrum. Theabilitytointegratewiththeexistingindustrial EthernetLANandexistingindustrialnodesand functionsisanotherfundamentalrequirement. Dataintegrityandprivacyarealsocritical,aswellas real-timeperformancemonitoring.Inaddition, 5Gcapabilitiesintermsofpositioning,time synchronizationbetweendevices,securityand networkslicingwillalsobeessentialformany manufacturingusecases. Ultra-reliablelow-latencycommunication Oneofthetwoservicecategoriesofmachine-type communication(MTC)in5G–criticalMTC(cMTC) –isdesignedtomeetcommunicationdemandswith stringentrequirementsonlatency,reliabilityand availability.IntensestandardizationandR&Dwork isongoingtoensure5GNewRadio(NR)technology isabletofullyaddresstheneedforURLLC. WithNRwewillseelarge-scaledeploymentsof advancedantennasystemsenablingstate-of-the-art beamformingandMIMO(multiple-input,multiple- output)techniques,whicharepowerfultoolsfor improvingthroughput,capacityandcoverage[4]. Multi-antennatechniqueswillalsobeimportantfor URLLC,astheycanbeusedtoimprovereliability. ThescalablenumerologyofNRprovidesgood meanstoachievelowlatency,aslargersubcarrier spacing(SCS)reducesthetransmissiontime interval. Tofurtherreducelatencyandincreasereliability, severalnewMAC(mediumaccesscontrol)and Terms and abbreviations cMTC – Critical Machine-type Communication | CN – Core Network | DL – Downlink | GHz – Gigahertz | GW – Gateway | IoT – Internet of Things | kHz – Kilohertz | LTE-M – LTE Machine-type Communication | MBB – Mobile Broadband | mMTC – Massive Machine-type Communication | mmWave – Millimeter Wave | ms – Millisecond | MTC – Machine-type Communication | NB-IoT – Narrowband IoT | NR – New Radio | OT – Operational Technology | RTT – Round-trip Time | SCS – Subcarrier Spacing | TSN – Time-sensitive Networking | UE - User Equipment | UL – Uplink | URLLC – Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication

5. 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 5 PHY(physicallayer)featuresaswellasnewmulti- connectivityarchitectureoptionshavebeenadded tothe5GNRspecificationsin3GPPrelease15,and additionalenhancementsarebeingstudiedin release16.Thegoalinrelease16istoenable0.5-1ms one-waylatencywithreliabilityofupto99.9999 percent.Newcapabilitiesincludefasterscheduling, smallerandmorerobusttransmissions,repetitions, fasterretransmissions,preemptionandpacket duplication[5].Allinall,theyensureNRisequipped withapowerfultoolboxthatcanbeusedtotailorthe performancetothedemandsofeachspecificdevice andtrafficflowonafactoryshopfloor. Theachievableround-triptime(RTT)depends bothonwhichfeaturesandspectrumareused.For example,theRANRTTforamid-banddeployment optimizedforMBBcanbeintheorderof5ms(FDD 15kHzSCSorTDD30kHzwithDL-DL-DL-UL TDDconfiguration).ThecorrespondingRTTfora URLLC-optimizedmillimeterwave(mmWave) deployment(TDD120kHzSCS,DL-ULTDD configuration)canbebelow2ms,thusmatchingthe 3GPPone-waylatencygoal. Thereisatrade-offbetweenlatency,reliability andcapacity,anddifferentschedulingstrategiescan beusedtoachieveacertainlevelofreliabilityand latency.Apacketcanbeencodedwithaverylowand robustcoderate,andjustbetransmittedonce,butif theRTTisshorterthantheapplicationlatency constraint,itcanbemoreefficienttouseahigher, lessrobustinitialcoderateandperform retransmissionsbasedonfeedbackincasetheinitial transmissionfails.Thus,theshortertheRANRTT iscomparedwiththeapplicationlatencyconstraint, thehigherspectralefficiency(capacity)maybe achieved. Licensedspectrumforinterferencecontrol Theavailabilityofspectrumresourcesiskeyto meetingrequirementsoncapacity,bitratesand latency.Toprovidepredictableandreliableservice levelsonthefactoryshopfloor,thespectrum resourcesneedtobemanagedcarefully.The achievableperformancedependsonseveralfactors: ❭❭ the amount of spectrum available ❭❭ which spectrum is used – low band (below 2GHz), mid-band (2-5GHz) or high band/mmWave (26GHz and above) ❭❭ which licensing regime applies ❭❭ whether the spectrum is FDD or TDD ❭❭ which radio access technology is used ❭❭ the coexistence scenarios that apply for the spectrum. Estimatesofspectrumneedsareintherangeoftens tohundredsofmegahertz.Mostnewmid-band spectrumthatiscurrentlybeingallocatedusesTDD, whilelargepartsofthespectrumalreadyallocated tomobileoperatorsareFDD.LatencyforanFDD systemisinherentlylowerthanthatofa correspondingTDDsystem. Mid-bandspectrumiswellsuitedforindoor deploymentssinceitspropagationcharacteristics makeiteasytoprovidegoodcoveragewithalimited setoftransmissionpoints.CoverageatmmWaveis generallyspottier,requiringdenserradiodeployment, butmmWaveisstillagoodcomplementtomid-band forin-factorydeploymentssinceitenables: ❭❭ higher system capacity, as larger bandwidths are available and as advanced antenna systems and beamforming can be implemented in a small form factor suitable for indoor deployment ❭❭ significantly shorter latencies (even though the spectrum is TDD), as a higher numerology with shorter transmission time intervals is used ❭❭ easier management of the coexistence between indoor shop floor networks and outdoor mobile networks, as mmWave radio signals are easier to confine within buildings. MMWAVEISAGOOD COMPLEMENTTOMID- BANDFORIN-FACTORY DEPLOYMENTS

6. ✱ 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING 6 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 Forcriticalapplications,theremustbeguarantees againstuncontrolledinterference,whichimpliesthat licensedspectrumisnecessary.Asillustratedin Figure2,unlicensedtechnologiessuchasWi-Fiand MulteFirecannotguaranteeboundedlowlatency withhighreliabilityastheloadincreases.Thisisdue totheuseoflisten-before-talkback-off,whichdoes notperformwellduringuncontrolledinterference. Unlicensedspectrummaynonethelessberelevant forlesscriticalapplications. Licensedspectrumcanbeprovidedbyoperators aspartofalocalconnectivitysolution,including networkequipment.Operatorsmayalsochooseto leasepartsoftheirspectrumassetslocallyto industrieswithoutprovidingtheconnectivity solution.Anotheremergingoptionisforregulators tosetasidededicatedspectrumforlocallicensingto industries,asisunderconsiderationinsome EuropeancountriessuchasGermanyandSweden on3.7-3.8GHz. IntegrationwithindustrialEthernetandTSN Theintroductionof5Gonthefactoryshopfloorwill happeninsteps.When5Gisaddedtoexisting productionsystems,thevariouspartsofthesystem willbemovedto5Gconnectivityatdifferentstages, dependingontheevolutionplanoftheproduction systemandwherethehighestbenefitsofwireless5G communicationcanbeobtained.Overtime,more partsoftheshopfloorcanbemigratedto5G,inpart duetotheintroductionofnewcapabilitiesinfuture 5Greleases.Eveningreenfieldindustrial deployments,notallcommunicationwillbebased on5G.Theneedforwirelessconnectivitymaynotbe prominentforsomesubsystems,whileothersmay requireperformancelevels(isochronoussub- millisecondlatency,forexample)thatarenot currentlyaddressedby5G.Consequently,alocal industrial5Gdeploymentwillcoexistandrequire integrationwithwiredindustrialLANs.Tothisend, thetransportofEthernettrafficisrequired,and Figure 2 Latency and reliability aspects of spectrum and technology choice Asset monitoring Wireless sensors Non-real-time Soft real-time Mobile robots Automated guided vehicles Hard real-time Time-critical closed-loop control Wi-Fi Low (milliseconds) Low High High (seconds) End-to-end latency Reliability (with load) Wi-Fi MulteFire LTE NR Unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum MulteFire LTE NR

7. 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 7 Ethernettransporthasbeenspecifiedwithinthe release15standardofthe5Gsystem. Aspartoftheongoingindustrialtransformation, thewiredcommunicationsegmentsofindustrial networksareexpectedtoevolvetowardacommon openstandard:EthernetwithTSNsupport[6]. Therefore,a5Gsystemneedstobeabletointegrate withaTSN-basedindustrialEthernet,forwhich 3GPPhasdefineddifferentstudyandworkitemsin release16ofthe5Gstandards. TSNisanextensionoftheIEEE802.3Ethernet andisstandardizedwithintheTSNtaskgroupin IEEE802.1.AprofileforTSNinindustrial automationisbeingdevelopedbytheIEC/IEEE 60802jointproject[7].TSNincludesthemeansto providedeterministicboundedlatencywithout congestionlossesforprioritizedtrafficonan Ethernetnetworkthatalsotransportstrafficoflower priority.TSNfeaturesincludepriorityqueuingwith resourceallocationmechanisms,time synchronizationbetweennetworknodesand reliabilitymechanismsviaredundanttrafficflows. 5Genhancementsincludesupportofredundant transmissionpaths,whichcanbecombinedwiththe TSNfeature‘Framereplicationandeliminationfor reliability’(FRER)thatisstandardizedinIEEE 802.1CB.Oneoftheresourceallocationfeaturesof TSNforboundingthelatencyforperiodiccontrol trafficis‘Time-awarescheduling’(standardizedin IEEE802.1Qbv),forwhichtransmissionqueuesare time-gatedineveryswitchonthedatapathtocreate aprotectedconnection.ThisrequiresallEthernet switchestobetime-synchronizedaccordingtoIEEE P802.1AS-Rev.Featuresthatarebeingdevelopedin 5Gstandardizationtosupporttime-aware transmissionacrossamixedTSN-5Gnetworkareto time-alignthe5GsystemwiththeTSNnetworkand provide5Gtransmissionwithdeterministiclatency. Keepingthingslocal OntopofURLLCperformanceandintegration withindustrialEthernetnetworks,many manufacturersalsorequirefullcontrol(thatis, independentofexternalparties)oftheircriticalOT domainconnectivityinordertofulfillsystem availabilitytargets.Fullcontrolcanbeexpressed asrequirementsonkeepingthingslocal: ❭❭ local data – the ability to keep production- related data locally within the factory premises for security and trust reasons ❭❭ local management – the ability to monitor and manage the connectivity solution locally ❭❭ local survivability – the ability to guarantee the availability of the connectivity solution independently of external factors (for example, shop-floor connectivity must continue uninterrupted even when connectivity to the manufacturing plant is down). Additionalrequirementsandfeaturesofinterest One5Gfeaturethatcouldhavesignificantimportance formanufacturingusecasesispositioning.For3GPP release16,theobjectiveistoachieveindoor positioningaccuraciesbelow3m,butNRdeployed inafactoryenvironmenthasthetechnologypotential tosupportmuchmoreprecisepositioning.Thereare severalaspectswhichallcontributetobetter positioningaccuracy: ❭❭ the wide bandwidths of mid- and high-band spectrum enable better measurement accuracy ❭❭ beam-based systems enable better ranging and angle-of-arrival/departure estimation ❭❭ the higher numerology of NR implies shorter sampling intervals and hence improved positioning resolution ❭❭ dense and tailored deployments with small cells and large overlaps improve accuracy and, together with beam-based transmissions, provide more spatial variations that can be exploited for radio frequency fingerprinting. In5Grelease16,anewrequirementisbeing introduced,wherebythe5Gsystemwillbeableto synchronizedevicestoamasterclockofoneormore timedomains[8].Onereasonforthisisthatseveral

8. ✱ 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING 8 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 industrialapplicationsrequiretime-synchronized actionsofmultiplemachines.Thiscanbea collaborativecommontaskperformedbymultiple industryrobots,wherethecontrolofthedifferent robotsneedstobecoordinatedintime.NRin release16willsupplythecapabilityforabasestation toprovideprecisetimingreferencestodevicesdown tomicrosecondprecision.Itwillalsomakeitpossible torelatethistimereferencetothereferenceclocksof oneormoretimedomainsusedinanindustrial system.Thetimealignmentofthe5Gsystemwith theexternalindustrialLANisalsoabasistoenable TSNtime-scheduledcommunicationovera combined5G-TSNnetwork. Securityincellularnetworkshasmaturedwith everygenerationtoenableconfidential communicationservices,userprivacy, authenticationofusersfornetworkaccessand accountability,andauthenticationofthenetworkso usersknowtheyareconnectedtoalegitimate network.Toaddressnewusecasesandthe evolvingthreatlandscape,5Gincludesnewsecurity featuresthatbenefitindustrialdeployments[9]. Examplesincludeimprovedconfidentialityof user-planedataachievedbyboththeencryptionand integrityprotectionofdatatopreventeavesdropping andmodificationasitpassesthroughthe5Gsystem. With5G,industrialnetworksgainadditionaloptions fordeviceauthenticationsupportingbothSIM- basedandcertificate-basedauthentication.Lastly, 5GstandardspreventIMSI(InternationalMobile SubscriberIdentity)catchingattacks,astheuser’s ordevice’slong-termidentifierisnevertransmitted overtheradiointerfaceincleartext[10]. 5G’snetworkslicingcapabilitiesenablethe provisionofadedicatedslicebothlocallyandin wideareanetworks,enhanceservicedifferentiation includingisolationofthecriticaltrafficfromother servicetypesandenablesegmentationintosecurity zonesasrequiredfortheOTdomain. 5Gconnectivitysolutionforthefactoryshopfloor Alocal,on-premises4G/5Gconnectivitysolution thatuseslicensedspectrumsuchastheoneshownin Figure3isthebestwaytomeettherequirementsof themanufacturingindustry.Thissolutioncan Figure 3 5G manufacturing solution architecture Local cloud infrastructure Local management system Core user plane OT management system 4G/5G indoor radio system Core control plane Industry LAN (e.g. TSN) Core control plane Industrial devices Industrial controller Factory OT domain Factory IT domain 4G/5G connectivity solution Wide area network Industry LAN (e.g. TSN) Demilitarized zone Public internet Industrial deviceUE UE

9. 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 9 supportcMTC,MBBandmassiveMTC(mMTC) usecases,anditcaneasilybeintegratedwithmobile operator-providedwideareanetworks. WhilecMTCaddressesthecritical communicationneedsofthemanufacturing industry,mMTC,alsoincludedin5G,isideal forsensorcommunication.NarrowbandInternet ofThings(NB-IoT)andLTEmachine-type communication(LTE-M)areexamplesofmMTC solutionsthatweredevelopedfor4Gandremain wellequippedtosupporttheneedsofthe manufacturingindustryforalongtime. MBBandmMTCbasedon4Gand5Gprovide theshop-floorconnectivityrequiredbyindustrial sensors,cameras,smartphones,tabletsand wearablestosupportusecaseslikedataacquisition, predictivemaintenance,human-machine interactionandaugmentedreality.Beyondfactories, therearealsowide-areausecaseslikesmartlogistics thatwillrelyontheMBBandmMTCservices suppliedbymobileoperator-providednetworks. Networkoperatorsareinanexcellentpositionto leveragetheirspectrumassets,wideareanetwork infrastructureandknow-howtoaddresstheneeds ofthemanufacturingindustry.Alternatively,the solutioncanbedeployedbytheindustriesthemselves orbythirdpartiesusingleasedordedicatedspectrum. Theoptimallocalconnectivitysolutionrequires awell-planned4G/5Gindoorradiosystemusing licensedspectrumtoenableultra-reliablelow- latencyperformance.Thevirtualizationofcore network(CN)functionsandsupportofcontroland user-planeseparationenablesflexibleCN deployments.TheCNuserplaneneedstobe deployedinthefactory,notonlytoprovideURLLC butalsohighavailability,localsurvivability,security andprivacy.Therequirementsonfulllocalcontrol wouldindicatethatCNcontrolfunctionsneedtobe deployedon-premises,butdependingonthe specificsoftherequirements,suchashowlong survivabilitydurationisrequired,itmaybepossible tousemorecost-efficientsolutionswheresomeof thecontrolfunctionsareprovidedfromacentral location,suchasamobilenetworkoperator’sCN. Aneasy-to-uselocalmanagementsystemis requiredtomonitorandmanagetheend-to-end connectivity,includinglocalnetworkinfrastructure andconnecteddevices.Thelocalmanagementuse casesincludebothsoftwaremanagementandfault, performanceandconfigurationmanagement.The managementsystemalsoneedstointegratewith otherelementsoftheOTsystemsandtheindustry ITsystems.Alow-latencycloudinfrastructureis requiredbothfor5Gnetworkfunctionsand industrialapplications,andallpiecesneedtobe connectedusinganintegratedlocaltransport infrastructure. TheresultingsolutioncanprovidebothIPand EthernetconnectivitytoindustrialdevicesandGWs ontheshopfloor,withperformancetailoredtoeach device’sindividualneeds.Theintegrationbetween the5GinfrastructureandtheindustrialEthernet domainextendsbeyondsimpleuser-plane forwardingofEthernetframestoincludeintegration withthetimesynchronization,schedulingand resilienceschemesusedintheindustrialEthernet domain,usingTSNfeatures,forexample. Conclusion 5Gisaprimeenablingtechnologytofacilitatethe industrialtransformationtoIndustry4.0,providing wirelessconnectivityinandaroundthefactory basedonaglobalstandardwithglobaleconomyof scale.Itcanconnectavarietyofindustrialdevices withdifferentserviceneeds,includingindustrial sensors,videocamerasoradvancedcontrolpanels withintegratedaugmentedreality.5Gcanalso providedeterministicultra-reliablelow-latency communicationtobringwirelessconnectivityto demandingindustrialequipment,likeindustrial controllersandactuators. 5GINCLUDESNEW SECURITYFEATURES THATBENEFITINDUSTRIAL DEPLOYMENTS

10. ✱ 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING 10 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 References 1. Ericsson Technology Review, Industrial automation enabled by robotics, machine intelligence and 5G, February 15, 2018, Sabella, R.; Thuelig, A.; Carrozza, M.C.; Ippolito, M., available at: https://www.ericsson. com/en/ericsson-technology-review/archive/2018/industrial-automation-enabled-by-robotics-machine- intelligence-and-5g 2. 5G-ACIA, 5G for Connected Industries and Automation, available at: https://www.5g-acia.org/ 3. HMS Industrial Networks, 2018, available at: https://www.hms-networks.com/press/2018/02/27/ industrial-ethernet-is-now-bigger-than-fieldbuses 4. Ericsson white paper, Advanced antenna systems for 5G networks, Von Butovitsch, P.; Astely, D.; Furuskär, A.; Göransson, B.; Hogan, B; Karlsson, J; Larsson, E, available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/ white-papers/advanced-antenna-systems-for-5g-networks 5. Proceedings of the IEEE, Adaptive 5G Low-Latency Communication for Tactile Internet Services, September 5, 2018, Sachs, J.; Andersson, L. A. A.; Araújo, J.; Curescu, C.; Lundsjö, J.; Rune, G.; Steinbach, E.; Wikström, G., available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8454733 6. Technical report, OPC UA TSN: A new Solution for Industrial Communication, Bruckner, et al., available at: https://www.automationworld.com/sites/default/files/opc_ua_tsn_whitepaper_1.pdf 7. IEC/IEEE 60802 joint project webpage, IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN Profile for Industrial Automation, available at: https://1.ieee802.org/tsn/iec-ieee-60802-tsn-profile-for-industrial-automation/ 8. 3GPP, “Service requirements for cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains,” technical specification TS 22.104, January 2019, available at: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp//Specs/archive/22_ series/22.104/22104-g00.zip 9. Ericsson white paper, 5G security – enabling a trustworthy 5G system, March 28, 2018, Norrman, K.; Nakarmi, P. K.; Fogelström, E, available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/white-papers/5g-security--- enabling-a-trustworthy-5g-system 10. Ericsson Blog, 3GPP release 15 – an end to the battle against false base stations, January 18, 2019, Nakarmi, P. K.; Ben Henda, N.; Tsiatsis, V., available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2019/1/3gpp- release15 A5G-connectedfactoryisbasedonalocal5G radionetworkusinglicensedspectrum.Itcaneither beprovidedasaservicebyamobilenetwork operator,oritcanbeoperatedstandalonebyafactory ownerorsystemintegratorinlocallyleasedor dedicatedspectrum.Alocalcorenetworkenables low-latencyconnectivity,fulfillingstrictrequirements onavailability,localsurvivability,datasecurityand privacy.Theintegrationofa5Gsystemwithwired industrialLANequipment–whichinfuturewill mainlybebasedonTSN–ismandatory.Further5G enhancementsprovideadditionalvaluetoindustrial serviceslikepreciseindoorpositioning,andtime synchronizationforindustrialenddevices.

11. 5G AND SMART MANUFACTURING ✱ FEBRUARY 20, 2019 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 11 Further reading ❭❭ Ericsson Smart Wireless Manufacturing, available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/internet-of-things/ solutions/smart-wireless-manufacturing ❭❭ Ericsson Consumer & IndustryLab Insight Report, 5G business value: A case study on real-time control in manufacturing, April 2018, available at: https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/reports/5g_for_ industries_report_blisk_27062018.pdf ❭❭ Ericsson Mobility Report, Realizing smart manufacturing through IoT, June 2018, available at: https:// www.ericsson.com/en/mobility-report/reports/june-2018/realizing-smart-manufacturing ❭❭ Ericsson Blog, 5G meets Time Sensitive Networking, December 2018, available at: https://www.ericsson. com/en/blog/2018/12/5G-meets-Time-Sensitive-Networking ❭❭ 5G-ACIA white paper, 5G for Connected Industries and Automation, November 22, 2018, available at: https://www.5g-acia.org/index.php?id=5125 theauthors Joachim Sachs ◆ is principal researcher at Ericsson corporate research in Stockholm, where he coordinates research activities on 5G for industrial IoT solutions and cross- industry research collaborations. He joined Ericsson in 1997 and has contributed to the standardization of 3G, 4G and 5G networks. He holds a Dr-Ing. from Technical University Berlin, Germany, and was a visiting scholar at Stanford University in the US in 2009. Kenneth Wallstedt ◆ is director of technology strategy in Ericsson’s CTO office, where he focuses on the company’s radio and spectrum management strategy. He joined Ericsson in 1990 and since then he has held various leading positions in Ericsson’s research, development and market units in Canada, Sweden and the US. He holds an M.Sc. in electrical engineering from KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Fredrik Alriksson ◆ is a research engineer at DevelopmentUnitNetworks, where he coordinates strategic technology and concept development within IoT & New Industries. He joined Ericsson in 1999 and has worked in R&D with architecture evolution covering a broad set of technology areas including RAN, Core, IMS and VoLTE. HeholdsanM.Sc.inelectrical engineering from KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Göran Eneroth ◆ is a product development leader at Development Unit Networks, where he leads strategic technology and concept development within IoT & New Industries. He joined Ericsson in 1983 and has held a variety of leading positions in Ericsson’s R&D units, as well as in standardization and industry collaborations. He holds an M.Sc. in electrical engineering from KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Theauthorswould liketothank thefollowing peoplefortheir contributions tothisarticle: JonathanOlsson, JariVikberg,Juan- AntonioIbanez, KurtEssigmann, LisaBoströmand FilipMestanov.

Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless connectivity

Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless connectivity

Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless connectivity

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Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless connectivity