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Elaboration Questions for the Career Research Essay
Here are the elaboration questions you can use.
· You need to use at least 7 per quote but can change them as
needed for the topic of the paragraph.
· You don't need to use the same questions for every quote.
According to the quote, what specifically happens in this job
field?
What is this quote saying (about this career)?
How does this quote support your topic sentence?
How can this help in the future (answer this question later in the
elaboration)
How can this help the community grow and have a positive
learning experience?
How can this career help the community/culture/society?
How can this career choice affect personal relationships?
How can this career improve your lifestyle?
How can this career positively influence/affect your life?
How can this career bring you joy?
Based on this topic, what will happen if you choose this career?
How can this career help you grow?
From my other classes. Feel free to use:
What is this quote saying about the topic sentence?
How and why does this benefit help in your life?
Why is this quote relevant to the topic sentence?
How will stability from this career benefit you in the future?
How will this career help you succeed in the area of life you are
focused on?
How does this benefit affect your peers positively?
How does this relate to the next quote?
Why will picking this career promote stability in your life?
How will you get job satisfaction from the career you chose?
Which aspect of life does this benefit help? How and why?
How does salary (or another topic) help you choose the career?
How long can you work in this career/field? Why? How will
this help?
How will this lead to positive change in the area of life you are
focusing on?
How this benefit give you an advantage in the career/field? How
will this help?
How will this increase the quality of life for your family?
How and why will this career lead to positive change in your
life?
How else can this help?
How does benefit/career help others? What changes will i t make
for others and why?
Why would this career give you self satisfaction?
Based on the quote and the topic sentence, how will this career
help you succeed?
How will this career help your financial needs?
What skills will this career give you and how will that help
you?
How will it help you if you stay in this career for a long time?
How will this career help your reputation or gain respect among
peers?
Considering the demographics you are serving how will you
benefit from the career? How will they benefit from your
career?
How does this quote support the topic sentence?
How does this quote relate to the career?
How does this quote inform the reader of your point? What does
it mean?
Based on the quote, how does the career help you improve?
According to the quote, how would this help you in the career?
According to the quote, why is this a good career choice?
According to the quote, how does the career benefit you?
How will this career help your personal relationships?
How can this career positively affect your family?
How can this career help society, culture, or the community?
How does this career help your personal growth?
Who benefits from this career? How?
How will this career help you in the future?
How can this career change your way of thinking?
How can this career improve your quality of life?
How will your career keep you satisfied?
How will the demand for this career help you choose the career?
How will this career affect the (female) community?
How does this career help the environment?
How can this career help you grow your connections?
How can this career help students succeed in and out of the
classroom?
How will this career help you in your daily activities?
How will this profession make people’s lives more efficient?
How will this career help you grow your creativity?
How will this career improve your health?
How will this career improve future technology?
How will the work environment influence personal growth?
Apache Sunrise Ceremony
1- http://www.webwinds.com/yupanqui/apachesunrise.htm
2- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-DLSEO5wv4
3- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1Cx_9YDQEc
Yaqui Easter ceremony
https://www.brink.com/wonder/yaqui-easter/
https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/index.php/yaqui-ceremonies
Sun Dance
1- Sun Dance in Encyclopedia
http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.rel.046
2- WISDOMKEEPERS Transmissions & Ceremonies Lakota
Elders Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnZEm6tEDk0
[1:17:29]
Sun Dance video
3- The Sacred Sundance: The Transfer of a Ceremony
https://www.nfb.ca/film/sacred_sundance/
[1:09:29]
4- http://aifg.arizona.edu/film/indians-plains-sun-dance-
ceremony
Know that this film is a bit antiquated. The language is clearly
from an outsiders perspective and also very dated.
[:10:11]
Sundance continued
5- http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2012/07/sundance-2012-four-
days-for-tunkashila.html
Extra:
http://solar-center.stanford.edu/AO/connections.html
Term Paper 2
Suggested questions to answer – not required questions to
answer. There are also only suggested number of pages. The
course is teaching American Indian religion and philosophy – so
demonstrate that you’ve done the work to have an intelligent
and academic perspective. In other words, what have you
learned?
American Indian Religion & Philosophy
Ceremony
Critique and Analyze the material, then Support your position.
- Introduction
· In general, what are the purposes for American Indian
ceremonies? What might they all have in common?
· Are any American Indian ceremonies similar to what exists in
other cultures?
- Function
· Choose one specific ceremony covered in this course. What is
the primary function of this ceremony? What is involved?
· Using the same ceremony from above, what are the observable
and unobservable functions of the ceremony? (How might the
ceremony/activity(ies) provide a function in the family or the
community?)
- Application
· Choose one or more ceremonies. Give examples of how the
ceremony is significant or relevant in todays’ times? Reflect on
todays challenges or challenges for their community
environment.
· Describe or interpret how the origin stories (the four in
iLearn) might give us information about the people and their
environment.
- Scope
· Describe how people are involved in their ceremony (either as
an individual, or as a group; you can describe a specific
ceremony, the preparation of the ceremony, or how it is
conducted).
· What do you consider to be the purpose or expected outcome
of their ceremonies? You can choose a general theme or a case-
by-case study.
- Conclusion
· What do you now understand about American Indian religion
and philosophy?
· Compare your knowledge of American Indian religion and
philosophy to another major religious practice and/or
philosophy.
NOTE: Use terms from the, Definitions for key terms (1 and 2),
found in iLearn.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL Glossary
Animism - a belief that natural phenomena such as rocks, trees,
thunder, or celestial bodies have life or divinity.
Anthropocentric - the idea that humans are the most important
beings in the universe.
balanced reciprocity - is a direct exchange where the two parties
involved seek to arrive at a mutually acceptable price or
exchange for goods or services.
class stratification - where members of a society are ranked
from higher to lower based on wealth, prestige, position, or
education.
colonialism - forced change in which one culture, society, or
nation dominates another.
comparative methods - analyzing data about cultures to learn
and explain patterns of similarity and difference.
cultural relativism - understanding the ways of other cultures
and not judging these practices according to one's own cultural
ways.
cultural transmission - how culture is passed on through
learning from one generation to another. Also referred to as
enculturation or socialization.
culture - The learned patterns of behavior and thought that help
a group adapt to it's surroundings.
deviance - to not follow the norms of society.
enculturation - the process of learning one's own culture, also
called socialization.
ethnocentrism - judging other cultures by the standards of your
own, which you believe to be superior.
ethnography - description of a culture, usually based on the
method of participant observation.
extinction - when a culture dies out. Often the people die out
too. Some may become peasants or pass into contemporary
society.
fieldwork - living among a group of people for the purpose of
learning about their culture.
hegemonic - the use of power, usually by those controlling the
meta or master narrative against the other
holistic - no dimension of culture can be understood in
isolation, cultures are integrated wholes.
humanism - concern for human welfare, dignity and values.
ideal - what people think the situation should be.
imperialism - economic control gained through the corporate
organization of nation states.
information society - a society integrated by complex
communication networks that rapidly develop and exchange
information.
kinesics - body, facial, hand, and arm movements that are used
to communicate.
matriarchy - where a mother figure and women have authority.
matrilineal - descent traced exclusively through the female line.
metaphor - application of a word or phrase to an object or
concept in order to suggest a comparison.
modernization - the process by which cultures are forced to
accept traits from outside.
multiculturalism - stressing the importance of different cultures,
races, and ethnicities.
oligarchy - the ruling class. Usually a small group of wealthy
individuals.
one-world culture - a popular belief that the future will bring
development of a single homogeneous world culture through
links created by modern communication, transportation, and
trade.
origin story - description of how the culture came into being.
pacification - extending the authority of national government
over formerly autonomous people whether by force or
persuasion.
patriarchy - where a father figure and males have authority.
patrilineal - tracing kinship, inheritance, power through the
male line.
personalness - refers to how well a person knows the other with
whom an exchange is being made. Personal means that the other
is well known, where as impersonal reflects lack of knowledge
about the other. See reciprocity.
power - the ability to influence the actions of others.
qualitative methods - rich descriptions of cultural situations
obtained from interviewing, participant observation, and
collection of oral and textual materials. Ethnographies are
reports from qualitative research.
quantitative methods - numerical tabulations and statistical
comparisons made possible by systematic surveys, observations,
or analysis of records. Data are used to test hypotheses and
identify the strength of patterns observed using qualitative
methods.
reciprocity - a mutual or cooperative interchange of favors or
privileges, especially the exchange of rights or privileges of
trade between individuals or groups as in the transfer of goods
or services between two or more individuals or groups. Also see
balanced, generalized, and negative reciprocity.
religion - a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to
supernatural power.
sacred - things and actions set apart as religious or spiritual
which are entitled to reverence.
science - systematically acquired knowledge that is verifiable.
secular - things not regarded as religious or spiritual.
social stratification - arranging the members of a society into a
pattern of superior and inferior ranks.
subsistence - the way by which a culture obtains its food.
syncretism - blending traits from two different cultures to form
a new trait. Also called fusion.
theory - several related propositions that explain some domain
of inquiry. Also called a school or paradigm.
urbanization - the process by which more and more people come
to live in cities.
values - what people think is right and wrong, good and bad,
desirable and undesirable.
wealth - the net gain in material well-being from economic
activity. Wealth is measured according to the items of value in a
given culture.
acculturationThe process by which a culture is transformed, due
to the massive adoption of cultural traits from another society.
[Culture
Change: Glossary of Terms
www.anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary. htm]
ancestral landsLands utilized by Indian tribes in their
migrations and in their hunting/fishing; frequently referred to in
their oral histories, and still connected to tribes and their
cultures today. These lands may or may not be on reservations.
AssimilationThe absorption of an individual or minority group
of people into another society or group. This is achieved by
learning and adopting the cultural traditions of the society to
which assimilation occurs. It is also often hastened by
intermarriage and by deemphasizing cultural and or biological
differences.
[Culture Change: Glossary of Terms
anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary.htm]
Assimilation PeriodAt the end of the treatymaking period in
1871, the U.S. Congress began a policy aimed at narrowing
tribal and individual Indigenous rights and encouraging
Indigenous Americans to move from reservations. Assimilation,
allotment, and U.S. citizenship for Indigenous Americans
became official policy goals and continued until the late 1920s.
[Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in Historical
Chronology by the
Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of
Energy, available online]
bandCommonly, bands were hunter-gatherers in the past. Bands
usually have no permanent leaders; decisions are based on
building consensus. Leadership tends to be situational, arising
for short periods of time.
[www.digitalhistory.uh.edu.historyonline.indian
sglossary.cfm]
BIAThe Bureau of Indian Affairs, a U.S. federal government
agency.
bias A highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgment;
prejudice. [Webster’sNinth Collegiate Dictionary]
blood quantumBlood Quantum is the total percentage of your
blood that is tribal native due to bloodline. All of the tribal
nations use Blood Quantum as a requirement for membership.
Usually this is detailed on a Certificate of
Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB) Card issued by the U.S.
government. Additionally, many of the tribal nations have other
requirements for membership.
[www.americanindiansource.com]
clanTwo or more lineages claiming descent from a common
ancestor.
[Digital History; www.digitalhistory.uh.edu.history
online.indiansglossary.cfm]
cross-cultural settingA setting where one must set aside what
the standard for “normal” is within one’s own culture, and try to
understand the reasons something is accepted as normal in
another culture (according to that culture's standard). There are
aspects of culture that are fundamental but subtle, and important
to grasp if one is to function effectively within the new cultural
context.
[Building Bridges: A PeaceCorps Classroom Guide to Cross
CulturalUnderstanding, pp. 30, 38]
cultureA system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life
that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people. It
includes customs, language, and material artifacts. These are
transmitted from generation to generation, rarely with explicit
instructions.
[Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide to
Cross Cultural Understanding, pp. 9, 14]
discriminationThe act of distinguishing differences between
people and showing
favoritism or prejudicial rejection of them.
[anthro.Palomar.edu/tutorials/cglossary.htm]
diversityThe condition of being different.
[Webster’s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary]
embedded valuesThe visible and invisible values of the author,
as shown in his/her published work. For example, an author who
writes about American Indians using his/her own traditional
values to make judgments and assertions about American
Indians. [MT SS 1]
ethnic groupOf, or relating to, a group of people classed
according to common national, tribal, cultural backgrounds.
[Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary]
first-person point of viewA character tells the story; the reader
learns only what the character knows, thinks, and feels.
Referring to the speaker or the writer of the utteran
heritageSomething passed down from one generation of people
to the next generation. Something transmitted or acquired by a
predecessor.
[Webster’s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary]
historical perspectiveHistory is a story and most often related
through the subjective experience of the teller. Histories are
being rediscovered and revised. History told from an Indian
perspective conflicts with what most of mainstream history tells
us.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU
6, 2005]
indigenousReferring to the native population of an area.
[Culture Change: Glossary of Terms
www.anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary.htm]
information qualityThe quality of the information obtained,
based on accuracy, relevance, fact or fiction; also relies on
factors including primary source information, secondary source
information, point of view, and embedded values of the author.
[MT SS 1]
invisible aspects of cultureThose which are beneath the surface,
frequently influencing and cause visible aspects of culture.
[Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide ToCross
Cultural Understanding, pp. 9, 14, 38-41]
oral historyEach tribe has a history that can be traced to the
beginning of time. Many of these histories will be told only
orally, as they have been passed down through generations.
These histories are as valid as any other mythology or belief.
Some tribes may only tell certainstories during certain times of
the year, andthis knowledge should be respected.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana
Indians, EU 3, 2005]
oral traditionA tribe’s traditional beliefs and legends that have
been passed from generation to generation by word. These
histories and traditions may be private, to be used and
understood only by members of that particular tribe.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 3,
2005]
over-generalizeGeneralize to an excessive degree, so that a
particular characteristic or aspect is regarded as applicable to
every person of a group. [Webster’s Ninth CollegiateDictionary]
point of viewThe standpoint from which something is
considered or valued. An author might write in the first-person
point of view or in the third-person point of view. Synonyms
include: angle, attitude, frame of reference, opinion,
orientation, outlook, perspective, position, private opinion,
slant, standpoint, two cents worth, viewpoint, way of thinking
[from Roget’s Thesaurus of Phrases, 2001]
prejudiceTo judge before hearing or before full and sufficient
examination (to prejudge). Also, an irrational attitude of
hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their
supposed characteristics.
[Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary]
primary sourcePrimary resources provide firsthand evidence of
historical events. They are, generally, unpublished materials
such as manuscripts, photographs, maps, artifacts, audio and
video recordings, oral histories, postcards, and posters. For
example, a treaty between the U.S. government and a tribe is a
primary resource.
[UCLA Institute on Primary Sources, available on Internet]
propaganda techniquesMethods - not based in fact - used to
make persuasive arguments. Critical readers identify these
techniques so that they can identify when unclear thinking has
occurred, or when an argument deliberately appeals to emotion.
Such techniques include: appeal to ignorance, bandwagon,
overgeneralization, circular thinking, either/or (looking at
something as if it only has two sides), loaded (emotionally
charged) words, oversimplification, using a “straw man”—
exaggerating or oversimplifying so that something appears
ridiculous.
[Adapted from Great Source Education Group’s
Reader’sHandbook: A student Guide for Reading andLearning,
2002]
reasoned judgmentRelies on factual information which supports
the belief being made. When making a reasoned judgment, one
might use words such as believe and probably. These words
indicate that a judgment is being made.
reservationsLand reserved by the tribes for their own use,
through treaties and was not “given” to them.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 1,
2005]
ritualThe established form of a ceremony, a certain way of
doing something; an act that is customarily repeated.
[Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary]
secondary sourceSecondary materials, such as textbooks,
synthesize and interpret primary materials. A grade 6 textbook
in history is an example of a secondary source.
[UCLA Institute on Primary Sources, available on Internet]
self-determination“… Indigenous Nations possess certain
sovereign powers to exercise government, enter into
agreements, and develop and protect natural resources.”
[Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in
HistoricalChronology by the Office of Environmental
Management, U.S. Department of Energy, available online]
sovereign powersBefore colonization, Indian tribes possessed
complete sovereignty. Tribes are now classified as domestic,
dependent nations. Tribes have the power to define their own
membership, structure, and operate their own tribal
governments, regulate domestic relations, settle disputes,
manage their property
and resources, raise tax revenues, regulate businesses, and
conduct relations with other governments. It also means that the
U.S. government is obligated to protect tribal lands and
resources, protect the tribes' right to self-government, and
provide social, medical, educational and economic development
services necessary for the survival and advancement of tribes.
[Essential Understandings Regarding Montana Indians, EU 7,
2005]
sovereigntyThe supreme power from which all political powers
are derived. It is “inherent”—it cannot be given to one group by
another. Sovereignty ensures self-government, cultural
preservation, and a peoples’ control of their future. Sovereignty
affirms the political identity of Indian Nations—they are not
simply a racial or ethnic minority.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 7,
2005]
stereotypeAn oversimplified conception of a group of people in
which all individuals in the group are labeled and often treated
based on certain perceived group characteristics.
[www.ahla.com/diversity_glossary]
suffrageThe right to vote.
[Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary]
terminationTermination was designed to produce rapid, forced
assimilation. Under termination, the trust relationship between
Indigenous Americans and the U.S. government would gradually
decrease and eventually dissolve. Economic development on
reservations was ignored, and Indigenous people were
encouraged to seek a life off the reservation.
[Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in Historical
Chronology by the
Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of
Energy, available online]
third-person point of viewThe story or narrative is told by a
narrator outside the story or narrative; this narrator makes
observations. Referring to one that is neither the speaker nor
writer of the utterance … or the one to whom that utterance is
addressed.
[Webster’s NinthNew Collegiate Dictionary]
toleranceRespecting beliefs and actions which differ from one’s
own beliefs and ideas. Respecting what other people/cultures
value and do is a way to help them develop both the selfesteem
and the feelings of integrity that will enhance their learning.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2,
2005]
traditional IndiansThose American Indians who show
characteristics of American Indian ways of being and belief. A
continuum exists between traditional and nontraditional
members of tribes. All have a variety of backgrounds,
differences of skin color, dress, behavior, along with deeper and
subtler differences of values and ways of being and learning.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2,
2005]
treatyAn agreement or arrangement made by negotiation. A
contract in writing between two or more political authorities (as
states or sovereigns) formally signed by representatives duly
authorized and usually ratified by the lawmaking authority of
the state.
[Webster’sNinth New Collegiate Dictionary]
tribal membershipOne’s official identity with a particular tribe
depends on that tribe’s definition and requirements for
membership.
[Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2,
2005]
urban IndianAn American Indian living off the reservation in an
urban setting.
Lei 1
Zilin Lei
English 1A
Leyton
April 20, 2020
Career Research Body Paragraph
The construction industry is a fast-developing industry in
recent years. The development
of the construction industry has effectively promoted the
improvement of people's quality of life.
At the same time, all aspects of construction have also been
greatly improved, which has a
positive impact on the development of the city. Architecture is
closely related to people's lives.
In architecture, the most direct impact on people's lives is
architectural design. If there are
problems in architectural design, people's lives and life safety
will be affected. Therefore, we
must pay attention to architectural design, consider the design
of buildings from people's needs
for life, and clearly understand the aspects that architectural
design can have on human life, to
effectively improve people's quality and level of life.
The building itself is an engineering substance. Decorate your
own building structure
through design means, make the building present a unique
appearance, make people's body
pleasant to the eyes, ensure people's sensory experience, and
meet the needs of various people. In
other industrial design, architectural design is obviously
different in concept and principle. In the
process of architectural design, the principles followed are the
principles of safety, economy,
practicality and beauty. The products produced need to be able
to maintain a certain degree of
adaptability to human life and reflect the progress and
development of society to a certain extent.
In addition, construction is also a product with market value.
According to the article,
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Is this where the body paragraph starts? I am not sure what you
are arguing here and how this is an argument for pursuing a
career as an architect.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
I am confused. You should start with your third body paragraph
but this doesn't look like a body paragraph.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Once you write a clear topic sentence, you should have only 1-2
transitional sentences here.
Lei 2
“Architectural design education: in varietate unitas”, “Hector
Guimard used the shapes of
flowers in his designs for entrances to the metro stations in
Paris. Eero Saarinen shaped the
terminal for JFK International airport New York like a bird
ready to fly away. "Through design,
economical architectural design has always been the focus of
most architectural designers.
Architectural design is closely related to people's lives. With
the continuous development of
society and the improvement of people's living standards, it is
necessary to update the
architectural design to meet people's needs, to achieve a certain
new development in architectural
design. With new developments in architectural design, people's
quality of life has been
improved to meet people's needs for comfort in life.
relationship. Many building products have
multiple single designs, but their functions are complex. The
appearance of the building is
reduced. Despite their alternative practicality, they cannot
satisfy people's sensory needs.
Therefore, their economic value is relative. It is necessary to
pay attention to the design of
buildings, to adapt the buildings to people's lives, to satisfy
people's pursuit of beauty, to realize
the economic value of buildings and improve people's quality of
life.
The architectural design is full of artistry, giving people a
visual enjoyment. People's
requirements for aesthetics are gradually improving, and in
terms of vision, people generally
have a sense of rapid elimination, have a strong acceptance of
new things, and instantly forget
the things they admire in the early stage. When people observe
a thing for a long time, they will
make the vision fatigue. Therefore, people are not willing to
watch the same thing for a long
time, but constantly change things to appreciate. In the article,
“The 15 Most Famous Buildings
in the World”, “Leaving a mark into the world long after their
builders are gone, buildings that
have stood the passing of the centuries keep on fascinating our
minds.” It is like many Ancient
buildings have a strong classical flavor. When people gradually
become visually tired of the
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Because the topic sentence is not clear, I am not sure what point
you are proving here. You seem to be taking about a lot of
different topics.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
I think I see a point here, that architecture gives people visual
enjoyment.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
But I get lost here; it almost seems like you are contradicting
yourself. You want to have 1-2 transitional sentences that
develop your topic sentence.
Lei 3
luxury of modern buildings, people will be more willing to
appreciate buildings with a classic
flavor. It can be seen from this that architectural design must be
able to have different
appreciation values, so that people will not produce visual
fatigue, and the current cultural and
artistic characteristics must be fully integrated in the building,
so that people can always
appreciate the building will have different feelings. The full
integration of artistic features in
architectural design will further deepen people's visual
enjoyment and significantly improve
people's quality and level of life. The realization of intelligent
building design greatly facilitates
human life. The application and popularization of various high-
tech products in the real life of
human society has promoted people's lives to be more
convenient, safer and more energy-saving.
According to the article, “What is a Smart Building?”, “Smart
buildings go far beyond saving
energy and contributing to sustainability goals. They extend
capital equipment life and impact
the security and safety of all resources – both human and
capital. They enable innovation by
creating a platform for accessible information. "Traditional
building products ignore the
intelligent and innovative design concept, which results in a
single function of building products
that cannot meet the development needs of people's lives.
Therefore, architectural designers
should fully realize the intelligent and innovative design
concepts, so that building products can
save energy, reduce consumption, and be safe and comfortable.
It can fully combine various
modern building technologies such as solar energy, energy
saving, ecology, etc., to realize the
mutual integration of intelligent and ecological buildings. For
example, some intelligent building
materials have automatic breathing function, which can absorb
and release water vapor and heat,
automatically adjust indoor humidity and temperature, and play
a role in energy saving.
Intelligent buildings have many functions, can meet people's
life needs to the greatest extent, and
can adapt to the development of human life. The architectural
design realizes greening and
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
This is about functionality, not visual enjoyment so now I am
more lost.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Again, I get lost. The quote is about buildings that no longer
exist so I am having a hard time connecting it to your topic
sentence. Then I get more lost because you keep talking about
being visually tired and different kinds of architecture and I get
confused.
Lei 4
allows humans to live a healthy life. According to the article,
“SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
MATERIALS: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW”
“Sustainable and green building is the
future of construction. Not only does it help to protect our
environment, building greenly can
actually reduce the cost of building operation over time. "At
present, construction pollution has
become an important research issue of globalization, and it has
posed a serious threat to people's
healthy lives. Therefore, the development of architectural
design must achieve green innovation,
using new green environmental protection materials and green
design concepts, so that people
can live comfortably, safely, and healthily in houses. The
greening of buildings is also an
inevitable trend of social development. It allows people to live
in a healthy and comfortable
social environment and improves people’s quality of life.
In summary, there is a close relationship between architectural
design and human life.
Construction design will not only affect the way of human life,
but also make people’s living
conditions improve to a certain extent, making people’s lives
more dynamic and more dynamic.
It can also improve the quality of people’s lives. It can be
concluded that in the process of
designing buildings, human elements must be fully considered
to make people’s lives more
comfortable, and appropriate architectural design should be
adopted reasonably. Improve
people's living standards as much as possible, thereby
maximizing the value of buildings and
improving people's living comfort.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Review the requirements for the conclusion on the essay
assignment and make sure to fulfill all of them.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Remember that you only need two quotes per paragraph and
every paragraph needs to focus on one idea/topic.
Lei 5
Works Cited
Van Dooren, E. J. G. C.1 E.J.G.C, Van Merriënboer, Boshuize n,
Van Dorst, Asselbergs,
“Architectural design education: in varietate unitas.” CCSF
Library, Jun 2018, web-b-
ebscohost-
com.ccsf.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=18a9a55e -
fdac-47dc-
a72c86af98f61d14%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc
3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#
AN=129629809&db=ehh.
“The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World” LUXATIC,
luxatic.com/the-15-most-famous-
buildings-in-the-world/.
“What is a Smart Building?” BUILDING EFFECIENCY
INITIATIVE,April 5, 2011,
buildingefficiencyinitiative.org/articles/what-smart-building
“SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS: EVERYTHING
YOU NEED TO KNOW” DOZR
Hub, December 17, 2019, dozr.com/blog/sustainable-building-
materials/
Lei 1
Zilin Lei
English 1A
Leyton
April 13, 2020
Career Research Body Paragraph
After entering society, each of us will have the confusion of
choosing a
career, we don't know which career is best for us. If a young
man has nothing
to do and has no proper occupation, his life will be worthless. If
a person
chooses a career that suits his own development, he can make
continuous
progress at work, can learn knowledge and skills from it, and
has a promising
future, then this career is a good career. Architects have existed
for many
centuries, and the profession of architects has always existed
since ancient
times. This means that architects have been in demand since
ancient times, and
many buildings are inseparable from architects, such as the
world-famous
Egyptian pyramids, The Statue of Liberty in the United States,
and the Eiffel
Tower in France. In the article, “The 15 Most Famous Buildings
in the World”,
“Leaving a mark into the world long after their builders are
gone, buildings that
have stood the passing of the centuries keep on fascinating our
minds.” This
quote saying these all need to be completed by architects,
Architects are very
important to architecture. Without them, these possible
buildings may not exist
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Your font and margins are too big. You need to use 12 point
font and have one inch margins. Review Module 2D for correct
MLA formatting.
Lei 2
for that long, or disappear from our consciousness very early.
Now that you see
these famous buildings still exist, you can find the architect’s
work and be
surprised by it. According to the article "The Employment
Market for
American Architects", "There are currently an estimated
128,800 architects in
the United States. It is estimated that between 2016 and 2026
During the
period, the architect job market will grow by 4.2%.” this quote
supports my
topic sentence is the demand for architects will increase, so
more jobs will be
created, employment of architects is projected to grow 1 percent
over the next
ten years, slower than the average for all occupations, architects
are expected to
be needed to make plans and designs for the construction and
renovation of
homes, schools, healthcare facilities, and other structures,
particularly in the
area of sustainable design. Becoming an architect also requires
a lot of
knowledge. You need to complete the architect's course and
pass the exam in
order to be a qualified architect. Article “Architect’s
Occupation, Salary and
Education Information”, “Most architects have passed 5 years.
Of Bachelor’s
degree in architecture. Many people have a master’s degree in
architecture,
which may take an additional 1-5 years." Many buildings
require architects.
Without an architect, many buildings will become weak.
Architects will design
and build according to the actual situation to make buildings
more reasonable
and usable. This is the role of architects. According to the
article,
“Architectural design education: in varietate unitas”, “Hector
Guimard used the
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Lei 3
shapes of flowers in his designs for entrances to the metro
stations in Paris.
Eero Saarinen shaped the terminal for JFK International airport
New York like
a bird ready to fly away.” I want more people to understand the
industry of
architects, because building a house requires many steps to
complete, and there
are many things to consider. When a house is completed, you
will see your
results great sense of accomplishment. I chose to be an architect
because I like
painting and traveling. Whenever I go to other places, I will pay
attention to the
local architecture. Because the style is different, it will make
people fascinated,
and I can do build more buildings in the future they like. I have
been studying
architectural design for 4 years. I always hope that I can
become an architect.
For this reason, I have been pursuing this goal. I want to apply
the knowledge I
have learned to future buildings. I want to let me build
buildings become more
usable and firmer, so that people can be more at ease and
comfortable, so I
choose to be an architect, and that an architect will suit me.
Architects will bring people a more convenient life. For
example, the
construction of sidewalks allows people to pass safely, and the
construction of
public toilets can make the environment cleaner. These all
require architects to
design and build. In the article, “Architecture future: How
buildings will begin
to make our lives better”, “Dreaming up compelling ways to
shape them offers
building and landscape architects an opportunity to remain vital
— and brings
them closer to the people they serve, grounding them in a world
that rises
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
I am very very confused. I don't know why your introduction is
so long. It seems that maybe you combined it with a body
paragraph, but I can't tell where?
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
I am not sure how this quote relates to giving people a
convenient life. You may want to change your quote or revise
your topic sentence.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
According to
Lei 4
increasingly into clouds.” this quote say Architecture is closely
related to our
daily life. The buildings we see come from different architects.
They can bring
convenience to our lives, make us closer, and make us live in a
comfortable
environment. There are also architects who can establish a good
relationship
with many people, because, in cooperation, architects need to
communicate
with others to complete, so that architects can better understand
the needs of
others and can design and build them for the desired effect.
Architects can also
bring us a lot of joy. For example, there are more opportunities
to travel, visit
buildings in different places, and study their buildings. Time is
freer, and you
can set your own time to complete things. These are the reasons
to become an
architect. You can learn more about the profession of architects
through books,
movies or articles, and I believe that more outstanding
architects will build
more outstanding buildings in the future. You should choose to
become an
architect, because many buildings require an architect to design,
including
safety, applicability and beautificati on. There are several
reasons for this, one
of the reasons you should choose to become an architect is that
design can turn
people's fantasies into reality based on what people think in
their hearts.
Another reason you should choose to become an architect is that
you can create
great and outstanding buildings. The third reason you should
choose to be an
architect is that design can create a better life. The last reason
you should
choose to become an architect is that you can have more job
opportunities.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Again, how is this related to convenience?
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
Delete, you never need to say this.
Alexandria Leyton
64890000000001170
I am really confused. This started out looking like a body
paragraph about convenience but then went all over the place,
talking about different topics so I am not sure what I am reading
:(
Lei 5
Judging from the information I have seen in the article, I
believe that the
profession of an architect will be very promising, because
architecture has
always existed in daily life or in history, and there will be
architecture where
there are people. We cannot do without architecture, including
We live in
houses, schools, hospitals, so the profession of architects will
not disappear,
only the demand for architects will increase. Therefore, loving
life and living
environment, becoming an architect can change a beautiful life
so that everyone
can enjoy the convenience and comfort brought by architects,
and for this goal,
strive to become an architect, hoping to be an architect in the
future Bring some
well-designed and well-built houses so that more people can
enjoy them.
Lei 6
Works Cited
Van Dooren, E. J. G. C.1 E.J.G.C, Van Merriënboer, Boshuizen,
Van Dorst,
Asselbergs, “Architectural design education: in varietate
unitas.” CCSF
Library, Jun 2018, web-b-ebscohost-
com.ccsf.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=18a9a55e -
fdac-47dc-
a72c86af98f61d14%40sessionmgr103&bda ta=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc
3QtbGl2ZQ
%3d%3d#AN=129629809&db=ehh.
“The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World” LUXATIC,
luxatic.com/the-15-most-
famous-buildings-in-the-world/.
RAY MARK RINALDI, “Architecture future: How buildings
will begin to make our
lives better.” The Denver Post, December 24, 2014 at 8:37 a.m.
www.denverpost.com/2014/12/24/architecture-future-how-
buildings-will-
begin-to-make-our-lives-better/.
“The job market for architects in the United States.”
CareerExplorer, 2021,
www.careerexplorer.com/careers/architect/job-market/.
“Architects Career, Salary and Education Information.”
Collegegrad, 2021,
https://collegegrad.com/careers/architects.

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Elaboration Questions for the Career Research EssayHere are the

  • 1. Elaboration Questions for the Career Research Essay Here are the elaboration questions you can use. · You need to use at least 7 per quote but can change them as needed for the topic of the paragraph. · You don't need to use the same questions for every quote. According to the quote, what specifically happens in this job field? What is this quote saying (about this career)? How does this quote support your topic sentence? How can this help in the future (answer this question later in the elaboration) How can this help the community grow and have a positive learning experience? How can this career help the community/culture/society? How can this career choice affect personal relationships? How can this career improve your lifestyle? How can this career positively influence/affect your life? How can this career bring you joy? Based on this topic, what will happen if you choose this career? How can this career help you grow? From my other classes. Feel free to use: What is this quote saying about the topic sentence? How and why does this benefit help in your life? Why is this quote relevant to the topic sentence? How will stability from this career benefit you in the future? How will this career help you succeed in the area of life you are focused on? How does this benefit affect your peers positively? How does this relate to the next quote? Why will picking this career promote stability in your life? How will you get job satisfaction from the career you chose? Which aspect of life does this benefit help? How and why? How does salary (or another topic) help you choose the career?
  • 2. How long can you work in this career/field? Why? How will this help? How will this lead to positive change in the area of life you are focusing on? How this benefit give you an advantage in the career/field? How will this help? How will this increase the quality of life for your family? How and why will this career lead to positive change in your life? How else can this help? How does benefit/career help others? What changes will i t make for others and why? Why would this career give you self satisfaction? Based on the quote and the topic sentence, how will this career help you succeed? How will this career help your financial needs? What skills will this career give you and how will that help you? How will it help you if you stay in this career for a long time? How will this career help your reputation or gain respect among peers? Considering the demographics you are serving how will you benefit from the career? How will they benefit from your career? How does this quote support the topic sentence? How does this quote relate to the career? How does this quote inform the reader of your point? What does it mean? Based on the quote, how does the career help you improve? According to the quote, how would this help you in the career? According to the quote, why is this a good career choice? According to the quote, how does the career benefit you? How will this career help your personal relationships? How can this career positively affect your family? How can this career help society, culture, or the community? How does this career help your personal growth?
  • 3. Who benefits from this career? How? How will this career help you in the future? How can this career change your way of thinking? How can this career improve your quality of life? How will your career keep you satisfied? How will the demand for this career help you choose the career? How will this career affect the (female) community? How does this career help the environment? How can this career help you grow your connections? How can this career help students succeed in and out of the classroom? How will this career help you in your daily activities? How will this profession make people’s lives more efficient? How will this career help you grow your creativity? How will this career improve your health? How will this career improve future technology? How will the work environment influence personal growth? Apache Sunrise Ceremony 1- http://www.webwinds.com/yupanqui/apachesunrise.htm 2- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-DLSEO5wv4 3- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1Cx_9YDQEc Yaqui Easter ceremony https://www.brink.com/wonder/yaqui-easter/ https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/index.php/yaqui-ceremonies Sun Dance
  • 4. 1- Sun Dance in Encyclopedia http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.rel.046 2- WISDOMKEEPERS Transmissions & Ceremonies Lakota Elders Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnZEm6tEDk0 [1:17:29] Sun Dance video 3- The Sacred Sundance: The Transfer of a Ceremony https://www.nfb.ca/film/sacred_sundance/ [1:09:29] 4- http://aifg.arizona.edu/film/indians-plains-sun-dance- ceremony Know that this film is a bit antiquated. The language is clearly from an outsiders perspective and also very dated. [:10:11] Sundance continued 5- http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2012/07/sundance-2012-four- days-for-tunkashila.html Extra: http://solar-center.stanford.edu/AO/connections.html Term Paper 2 Suggested questions to answer – not required questions to answer. There are also only suggested number of pages. The course is teaching American Indian religion and philosophy – so
  • 5. demonstrate that you’ve done the work to have an intelligent and academic perspective. In other words, what have you learned? American Indian Religion & Philosophy Ceremony Critique and Analyze the material, then Support your position. - Introduction · In general, what are the purposes for American Indian ceremonies? What might they all have in common? · Are any American Indian ceremonies similar to what exists in other cultures? - Function · Choose one specific ceremony covered in this course. What is the primary function of this ceremony? What is involved? · Using the same ceremony from above, what are the observable and unobservable functions of the ceremony? (How might the ceremony/activity(ies) provide a function in the family or the community?) - Application · Choose one or more ceremonies. Give examples of how the ceremony is significant or relevant in todays’ times? Reflect on todays challenges or challenges for their community environment. · Describe or interpret how the origin stories (the four in iLearn) might give us information about the people and their environment. - Scope · Describe how people are involved in their ceremony (either as
  • 6. an individual, or as a group; you can describe a specific ceremony, the preparation of the ceremony, or how it is conducted). · What do you consider to be the purpose or expected outcome of their ceremonies? You can choose a general theme or a case- by-case study. - Conclusion · What do you now understand about American Indian religion and philosophy? · Compare your knowledge of American Indian religion and philosophy to another major religious practice and/or philosophy. NOTE: Use terms from the, Definitions for key terms (1 and 2), found in iLearn. ANTHROPOLOGICAL Glossary Animism - a belief that natural phenomena such as rocks, trees, thunder, or celestial bodies have life or divinity. Anthropocentric - the idea that humans are the most important beings in the universe. balanced reciprocity - is a direct exchange where the two parties involved seek to arrive at a mutually acceptable price or exchange for goods or services. class stratification - where members of a society are ranked from higher to lower based on wealth, prestige, position, or education. colonialism - forced change in which one culture, society, or nation dominates another. comparative methods - analyzing data about cultures to learn and explain patterns of similarity and difference. cultural relativism - understanding the ways of other cultures and not judging these practices according to one's own cultural
  • 7. ways. cultural transmission - how culture is passed on through learning from one generation to another. Also referred to as enculturation or socialization. culture - The learned patterns of behavior and thought that help a group adapt to it's surroundings. deviance - to not follow the norms of society. enculturation - the process of learning one's own culture, also called socialization. ethnocentrism - judging other cultures by the standards of your own, which you believe to be superior. ethnography - description of a culture, usually based on the method of participant observation. extinction - when a culture dies out. Often the people die out too. Some may become peasants or pass into contemporary society. fieldwork - living among a group of people for the purpose of learning about their culture. hegemonic - the use of power, usually by those controlling the meta or master narrative against the other holistic - no dimension of culture can be understood in isolation, cultures are integrated wholes. humanism - concern for human welfare, dignity and values. ideal - what people think the situation should be. imperialism - economic control gained through the corporate organization of nation states. information society - a society integrated by complex communication networks that rapidly develop and exchange information. kinesics - body, facial, hand, and arm movements that are used to communicate. matriarchy - where a mother figure and women have authority. matrilineal - descent traced exclusively through the female line. metaphor - application of a word or phrase to an object or concept in order to suggest a comparison. modernization - the process by which cultures are forced to
  • 8. accept traits from outside. multiculturalism - stressing the importance of different cultures, races, and ethnicities. oligarchy - the ruling class. Usually a small group of wealthy individuals. one-world culture - a popular belief that the future will bring development of a single homogeneous world culture through links created by modern communication, transportation, and trade. origin story - description of how the culture came into being. pacification - extending the authority of national government over formerly autonomous people whether by force or persuasion. patriarchy - where a father figure and males have authority. patrilineal - tracing kinship, inheritance, power through the male line. personalness - refers to how well a person knows the other with whom an exchange is being made. Personal means that the other is well known, where as impersonal reflects lack of knowledge about the other. See reciprocity. power - the ability to influence the actions of others. qualitative methods - rich descriptions of cultural situations obtained from interviewing, participant observation, and collection of oral and textual materials. Ethnographies are reports from qualitative research. quantitative methods - numerical tabulations and statistical comparisons made possible by systematic surveys, observations, or analysis of records. Data are used to test hypotheses and identify the strength of patterns observed using qualitative methods. reciprocity - a mutual or cooperative interchange of favors or privileges, especially the exchange of rights or privileges of trade between individuals or groups as in the transfer of goods or services between two or more individuals or groups. Also see balanced, generalized, and negative reciprocity. religion - a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to
  • 9. supernatural power. sacred - things and actions set apart as religious or spiritual which are entitled to reverence. science - systematically acquired knowledge that is verifiable. secular - things not regarded as religious or spiritual. social stratification - arranging the members of a society into a pattern of superior and inferior ranks. subsistence - the way by which a culture obtains its food. syncretism - blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. Also called fusion. theory - several related propositions that explain some domain of inquiry. Also called a school or paradigm. urbanization - the process by which more and more people come to live in cities. values - what people think is right and wrong, good and bad, desirable and undesirable. wealth - the net gain in material well-being from economic activity. Wealth is measured according to the items of value in a given culture. acculturationThe process by which a culture is transformed, due to the massive adoption of cultural traits from another society. [Culture Change: Glossary of Terms www.anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary. htm] ancestral landsLands utilized by Indian tribes in their migrations and in their hunting/fishing; frequently referred to in their oral histories, and still connected to tribes and their cultures today. These lands may or may not be on reservations. AssimilationThe absorption of an individual or minority group of people into another society or group. This is achieved by learning and adopting the cultural traditions of the society to which assimilation occurs. It is also often hastened by intermarriage and by deemphasizing cultural and or biological
  • 10. differences. [Culture Change: Glossary of Terms anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary.htm] Assimilation PeriodAt the end of the treatymaking period in 1871, the U.S. Congress began a policy aimed at narrowing tribal and individual Indigenous rights and encouraging Indigenous Americans to move from reservations. Assimilation, allotment, and U.S. citizenship for Indigenous Americans became official policy goals and continued until the late 1920s. [Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in Historical Chronology by the Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, available online] bandCommonly, bands were hunter-gatherers in the past. Bands usually have no permanent leaders; decisions are based on building consensus. Leadership tends to be situational, arising for short periods of time. [www.digitalhistory.uh.edu.historyonline.indian sglossary.cfm] BIAThe Bureau of Indian Affairs, a U.S. federal government agency. bias A highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgment; prejudice. [Webster’sNinth Collegiate Dictionary] blood quantumBlood Quantum is the total percentage of your blood that is tribal native due to bloodline. All of the tribal nations use Blood Quantum as a requirement for membership. Usually this is detailed on a Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB) Card issued by the U.S. government. Additionally, many of the tribal nations have other requirements for membership. [www.americanindiansource.com]
  • 11. clanTwo or more lineages claiming descent from a common ancestor. [Digital History; www.digitalhistory.uh.edu.history online.indiansglossary.cfm] cross-cultural settingA setting where one must set aside what the standard for “normal” is within one’s own culture, and try to understand the reasons something is accepted as normal in another culture (according to that culture's standard). There are aspects of culture that are fundamental but subtle, and important to grasp if one is to function effectively within the new cultural context. [Building Bridges: A PeaceCorps Classroom Guide to Cross CulturalUnderstanding, pp. 30, 38] cultureA system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people. It includes customs, language, and material artifacts. These are transmitted from generation to generation, rarely with explicit instructions. [Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide to Cross Cultural Understanding, pp. 9, 14] discriminationThe act of distinguishing differences between people and showing favoritism or prejudicial rejection of them. [anthro.Palomar.edu/tutorials/cglossary.htm] diversityThe condition of being different. [Webster’s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary] embedded valuesThe visible and invisible values of the author, as shown in his/her published work. For example, an author who writes about American Indians using his/her own traditional
  • 12. values to make judgments and assertions about American Indians. [MT SS 1] ethnic groupOf, or relating to, a group of people classed according to common national, tribal, cultural backgrounds. [Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary] first-person point of viewA character tells the story; the reader learns only what the character knows, thinks, and feels. Referring to the speaker or the writer of the utteran heritageSomething passed down from one generation of people to the next generation. Something transmitted or acquired by a predecessor. [Webster’s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary] historical perspectiveHistory is a story and most often related through the subjective experience of the teller. Histories are being rediscovered and revised. History told from an Indian perspective conflicts with what most of mainstream history tells us. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 6, 2005] indigenousReferring to the native population of an area. [Culture Change: Glossary of Terms www.anthro.palomar.edu/change/glossary.htm] information qualityThe quality of the information obtained, based on accuracy, relevance, fact or fiction; also relies on factors including primary source information, secondary source information, point of view, and embedded values of the author. [MT SS 1] invisible aspects of cultureThose which are beneath the surface, frequently influencing and cause visible aspects of culture. [Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide ToCross
  • 13. Cultural Understanding, pp. 9, 14, 38-41] oral historyEach tribe has a history that can be traced to the beginning of time. Many of these histories will be told only orally, as they have been passed down through generations. These histories are as valid as any other mythology or belief. Some tribes may only tell certainstories during certain times of the year, andthis knowledge should be respected. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 3, 2005] oral traditionA tribe’s traditional beliefs and legends that have been passed from generation to generation by word. These histories and traditions may be private, to be used and understood only by members of that particular tribe. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 3, 2005] over-generalizeGeneralize to an excessive degree, so that a particular characteristic or aspect is regarded as applicable to every person of a group. [Webster’s Ninth CollegiateDictionary] point of viewThe standpoint from which something is considered or valued. An author might write in the first-person point of view or in the third-person point of view. Synonyms include: angle, attitude, frame of reference, opinion, orientation, outlook, perspective, position, private opinion, slant, standpoint, two cents worth, viewpoint, way of thinking [from Roget’s Thesaurus of Phrases, 2001] prejudiceTo judge before hearing or before full and sufficient examination (to prejudge). Also, an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics. [Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary]
  • 14. primary sourcePrimary resources provide firsthand evidence of historical events. They are, generally, unpublished materials such as manuscripts, photographs, maps, artifacts, audio and video recordings, oral histories, postcards, and posters. For example, a treaty between the U.S. government and a tribe is a primary resource. [UCLA Institute on Primary Sources, available on Internet] propaganda techniquesMethods - not based in fact - used to make persuasive arguments. Critical readers identify these techniques so that they can identify when unclear thinking has occurred, or when an argument deliberately appeals to emotion. Such techniques include: appeal to ignorance, bandwagon, overgeneralization, circular thinking, either/or (looking at something as if it only has two sides), loaded (emotionally charged) words, oversimplification, using a “straw man”— exaggerating or oversimplifying so that something appears ridiculous. [Adapted from Great Source Education Group’s Reader’sHandbook: A student Guide for Reading andLearning, 2002] reasoned judgmentRelies on factual information which supports the belief being made. When making a reasoned judgment, one might use words such as believe and probably. These words indicate that a judgment is being made. reservationsLand reserved by the tribes for their own use, through treaties and was not “given” to them. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 1, 2005] ritualThe established form of a ceremony, a certain way of doing something; an act that is customarily repeated. [Webster’s NinthCollegiate Dictionary]
  • 15. secondary sourceSecondary materials, such as textbooks, synthesize and interpret primary materials. A grade 6 textbook in history is an example of a secondary source. [UCLA Institute on Primary Sources, available on Internet] self-determination“… Indigenous Nations possess certain sovereign powers to exercise government, enter into agreements, and develop and protect natural resources.” [Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in HistoricalChronology by the Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, available online] sovereign powersBefore colonization, Indian tribes possessed complete sovereignty. Tribes are now classified as domestic, dependent nations. Tribes have the power to define their own membership, structure, and operate their own tribal governments, regulate domestic relations, settle disputes, manage their property and resources, raise tax revenues, regulate businesses, and conduct relations with other governments. It also means that the U.S. government is obligated to protect tribal lands and resources, protect the tribes' right to self-government, and provide social, medical, educational and economic development services necessary for the survival and advancement of tribes. [Essential Understandings Regarding Montana Indians, EU 7, 2005] sovereigntyThe supreme power from which all political powers are derived. It is “inherent”—it cannot be given to one group by another. Sovereignty ensures self-government, cultural preservation, and a peoples’ control of their future. Sovereignty affirms the political identity of Indian Nations—they are not simply a racial or ethnic minority. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 7,
  • 16. 2005] stereotypeAn oversimplified conception of a group of people in which all individuals in the group are labeled and often treated based on certain perceived group characteristics. [www.ahla.com/diversity_glossary] suffrageThe right to vote. [Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary] terminationTermination was designed to produce rapid, forced assimilation. Under termination, the trust relationship between Indigenous Americans and the U.S. government would gradually decrease and eventually dissolve. Economic development on reservations was ignored, and Indigenous people were encouraged to seek a life off the reservation. [Deloria 1985, Cooper 1990, Pevar 1992, as stated in Historical Chronology by the Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, available online] third-person point of viewThe story or narrative is told by a narrator outside the story or narrative; this narrator makes observations. Referring to one that is neither the speaker nor writer of the utterance … or the one to whom that utterance is addressed. [Webster’s NinthNew Collegiate Dictionary] toleranceRespecting beliefs and actions which differ from one’s own beliefs and ideas. Respecting what other people/cultures value and do is a way to help them develop both the selfesteem and the feelings of integrity that will enhance their learning. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2, 2005] traditional IndiansThose American Indians who show
  • 17. characteristics of American Indian ways of being and belief. A continuum exists between traditional and nontraditional members of tribes. All have a variety of backgrounds, differences of skin color, dress, behavior, along with deeper and subtler differences of values and ways of being and learning. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2, 2005] treatyAn agreement or arrangement made by negotiation. A contract in writing between two or more political authorities (as states or sovereigns) formally signed by representatives duly authorized and usually ratified by the lawmaking authority of the state. [Webster’sNinth New Collegiate Dictionary] tribal membershipOne’s official identity with a particular tribe depends on that tribe’s definition and requirements for membership. [Essential Understanding Regarding Montana Indians, EU 2, 2005] urban IndianAn American Indian living off the reservation in an urban setting. Lei 1 Zilin Lei English 1A
  • 18. Leyton April 20, 2020 Career Research Body Paragraph The construction industry is a fast-developing industry in recent years. The development of the construction industry has effectively promoted the improvement of people's quality of life. At the same time, all aspects of construction have also been greatly improved, which has a positive impact on the development of the city. Architecture is closely related to people's lives. In architecture, the most direct impact on people's lives is architectural design. If there are problems in architectural design, people's lives and life safety will be affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to architectural design, consider the design of buildings from people's needs for life, and clearly understand the aspects that architectural design can have on human life, to effectively improve people's quality and level of life. The building itself is an engineering substance. Decorate your own building structure through design means, make the building present a unique
  • 19. appearance, make people's body pleasant to the eyes, ensure people's sensory experience, and meet the needs of various people. In other industrial design, architectural design is obviously different in concept and principle. In the process of architectural design, the principles followed are the principles of safety, economy, practicality and beauty. The products produced need to be able to maintain a certain degree of adaptability to human life and reflect the progress and development of society to a certain extent. In addition, construction is also a product with market value. According to the article, Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Is this where the body paragraph starts? I am not sure what you are arguing here and how this is an argument for pursuing a career as an architect. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 I am confused. You should start with your third body paragraph but this doesn't look like a body paragraph. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Once you write a clear topic sentence, you should have only 1-2 transitional sentences here.
  • 20. Lei 2 “Architectural design education: in varietate unitas”, “Hector Guimard used the shapes of flowers in his designs for entrances to the metro stations in Paris. Eero Saarinen shaped the terminal for JFK International airport New York like a bird ready to fly away. "Through design, economical architectural design has always been the focus of most architectural designers. Architectural design is closely related to people's lives. With the continuous development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, it is necessary to update the architectural design to meet people's needs, to achieve a certain new development in architectural design. With new developments in architectural design, people's quality of life has been improved to meet people's needs for comfort in life. relationship. Many building products have multiple single designs, but their functions are complex. The appearance of the building is reduced. Despite their alternative practicality, they cannot
  • 21. satisfy people's sensory needs. Therefore, their economic value is relative. It is necessary to pay attention to the design of buildings, to adapt the buildings to people's lives, to satisfy people's pursuit of beauty, to realize the economic value of buildings and improve people's quality of life. The architectural design is full of artistry, giving people a visual enjoyment. People's requirements for aesthetics are gradually improving, and in terms of vision, people generally have a sense of rapid elimination, have a strong acceptance of new things, and instantly forget the things they admire in the early stage. When people observe a thing for a long time, they will make the vision fatigue. Therefore, people are not willing to watch the same thing for a long time, but constantly change things to appreciate. In the article, “The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World”, “Leaving a mark into the world long after their builders are gone, buildings that have stood the passing of the centuries keep on fascinating our minds.” It is like many Ancient buildings have a strong classical flavor. When people gradually
  • 22. become visually tired of the Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Because the topic sentence is not clear, I am not sure what point you are proving here. You seem to be taking about a lot of different topics. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 I think I see a point here, that architecture gives people visual enjoyment. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 But I get lost here; it almost seems like you are contradicting yourself. You want to have 1-2 transitional sentences that develop your topic sentence. Lei 3 luxury of modern buildings, people will be more willing to appreciate buildings with a classic flavor. It can be seen from this that architectural design must be able to have different appreciation values, so that people will not produce visual fatigue, and the current cultural and
  • 23. artistic characteristics must be fully integrated in the building, so that people can always appreciate the building will have different feelings. The full integration of artistic features in architectural design will further deepen people's visual enjoyment and significantly improve people's quality and level of life. The realization of intelligent building design greatly facilitates human life. The application and popularization of various high- tech products in the real life of human society has promoted people's lives to be more convenient, safer and more energy-saving. According to the article, “What is a Smart Building?”, “Smart buildings go far beyond saving energy and contributing to sustainability goals. They extend capital equipment life and impact the security and safety of all resources – both human and capital. They enable innovation by creating a platform for accessible information. "Traditional building products ignore the intelligent and innovative design concept, which results in a single function of building products that cannot meet the development needs of people's lives. Therefore, architectural designers
  • 24. should fully realize the intelligent and innovative design concepts, so that building products can save energy, reduce consumption, and be safe and comfortable. It can fully combine various modern building technologies such as solar energy, energy saving, ecology, etc., to realize the mutual integration of intelligent and ecological buildings. For example, some intelligent building materials have automatic breathing function, which can absorb and release water vapor and heat, automatically adjust indoor humidity and temperature, and play a role in energy saving. Intelligent buildings have many functions, can meet people's life needs to the greatest extent, and can adapt to the development of human life. The architectural design realizes greening and Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 This is about functionality, not visual enjoyment so now I am more lost. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Again, I get lost. The quote is about buildings that no longer exist so I am having a hard time connecting it to your topic sentence. Then I get more lost because you keep talking about being visually tired and different kinds of architecture and I get
  • 25. confused. Lei 4 allows humans to live a healthy life. According to the article, “SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW” “Sustainable and green building is the future of construction. Not only does it help to protect our environment, building greenly can actually reduce the cost of building operation over time. "At present, construction pollution has become an important research issue of globalization, and it has posed a serious threat to people's healthy lives. Therefore, the development of architectural design must achieve green innovation, using new green environmental protection materials and green design concepts, so that people can live comfortably, safely, and healthily in houses. The greening of buildings is also an inevitable trend of social development. It allows people to live in a healthy and comfortable social environment and improves people’s quality of life. In summary, there is a close relationship between architectural
  • 26. design and human life. Construction design will not only affect the way of human life, but also make people’s living conditions improve to a certain extent, making people’s lives more dynamic and more dynamic. It can also improve the quality of people’s lives. It can be concluded that in the process of designing buildings, human elements must be fully considered to make people’s lives more comfortable, and appropriate architectural design should be adopted reasonably. Improve people's living standards as much as possible, thereby maximizing the value of buildings and improving people's living comfort. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Review the requirements for the conclusion on the essay assignment and make sure to fulfill all of them. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Remember that you only need two quotes per paragraph and
  • 27. every paragraph needs to focus on one idea/topic. Lei 5 Works Cited Van Dooren, E. J. G. C.1 E.J.G.C, Van Merriënboer, Boshuize n, Van Dorst, Asselbergs, “Architectural design education: in varietate unitas.” CCSF Library, Jun 2018, web-b- ebscohost- com.ccsf.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=18a9a55e - fdac-47dc- a72c86af98f61d14%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc 3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d# AN=129629809&db=ehh. “The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World” LUXATIC, luxatic.com/the-15-most-famous- buildings-in-the-world/. “What is a Smart Building?” BUILDING EFFECIENCY INITIATIVE,April 5, 2011, buildingefficiencyinitiative.org/articles/what-smart-building “SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW” DOZR
  • 28. Hub, December 17, 2019, dozr.com/blog/sustainable-building- materials/ Lei 1 Zilin Lei English 1A Leyton April 13, 2020 Career Research Body Paragraph After entering society, each of us will have the confusion of choosing a career, we don't know which career is best for us. If a young man has nothing to do and has no proper occupation, his life will be worthless. If a person chooses a career that suits his own development, he can make continuous progress at work, can learn knowledge and skills from it, and has a promising
  • 29. future, then this career is a good career. Architects have existed for many centuries, and the profession of architects has always existed since ancient times. This means that architects have been in demand since ancient times, and many buildings are inseparable from architects, such as the world-famous Egyptian pyramids, The Statue of Liberty in the United States, and the Eiffel Tower in France. In the article, “The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World”, “Leaving a mark into the world long after their builders are gone, buildings that have stood the passing of the centuries keep on fascinating our minds.” This quote saying these all need to be completed by architects, Architects are very important to architecture. Without them, these possible buildings may not exist Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170
  • 30. Your font and margins are too big. You need to use 12 point font and have one inch margins. Review Module 2D for correct MLA formatting. Lei 2 for that long, or disappear from our consciousness very early. Now that you see these famous buildings still exist, you can find the architect’s work and be surprised by it. According to the article "The Employment Market for American Architects", "There are currently an estimated 128,800 architects in the United States. It is estimated that between 2016 and 2026 During the period, the architect job market will grow by 4.2%.” this quote supports my topic sentence is the demand for architects will increase, so more jobs will be created, employment of architects is projected to grow 1 percent over the next ten years, slower than the average for all occupations, architects are expected to be needed to make plans and designs for the construction and
  • 31. renovation of homes, schools, healthcare facilities, and other structures, particularly in the area of sustainable design. Becoming an architect also requires a lot of knowledge. You need to complete the architect's course and pass the exam in order to be a qualified architect. Article “Architect’s Occupation, Salary and Education Information”, “Most architects have passed 5 years. Of Bachelor’s degree in architecture. Many people have a master’s degree in architecture, which may take an additional 1-5 years." Many buildings require architects. Without an architect, many buildings will become weak. Architects will design and build according to the actual situation to make buildings more reasonable and usable. This is the role of architects. According to the article, “Architectural design education: in varietate unitas”, “Hector Guimard used the
  • 32. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Lei 3 shapes of flowers in his designs for entrances to the metro stations in Paris. Eero Saarinen shaped the terminal for JFK International airport New York like a bird ready to fly away.” I want more people to understand the industry of architects, because building a house requires many steps to complete, and there are many things to consider. When a house is completed, you will see your results great sense of accomplishment. I chose to be an architect because I like painting and traveling. Whenever I go to other places, I will pay attention to the local architecture. Because the style is different, it will make people fascinated, and I can do build more buildings in the future they like. I have been studying architectural design for 4 years. I always hope that I can become an architect.
  • 33. For this reason, I have been pursuing this goal. I want to apply the knowledge I have learned to future buildings. I want to let me build buildings become more usable and firmer, so that people can be more at ease and comfortable, so I choose to be an architect, and that an architect will suit me. Architects will bring people a more convenient life. For example, the construction of sidewalks allows people to pass safely, and the construction of public toilets can make the environment cleaner. These all require architects to design and build. In the article, “Architecture future: How buildings will begin to make our lives better”, “Dreaming up compelling ways to shape them offers building and landscape architects an opportunity to remain vital — and brings them closer to the people they serve, grounding them in a world that rises Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170
  • 34. I am very very confused. I don't know why your introduction is so long. It seems that maybe you combined it with a body paragraph, but I can't tell where? Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 I am not sure how this quote relates to giving people a convenient life. You may want to change your quote or revise your topic sentence. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 According to Lei 4 increasingly into clouds.” this quote say Architecture is closely related to our daily life. The buildings we see come from different architects. They can bring convenience to our lives, make us closer, and make us live in a comfortable environment. There are also architects who can establish a good relationship with many people, because, in cooperation, architects need to communicate with others to complete, so that architects can better understand the needs of
  • 35. others and can design and build them for the desired effect. Architects can also bring us a lot of joy. For example, there are more opportunities to travel, visit buildings in different places, and study their buildings. Time is freer, and you can set your own time to complete things. These are the reasons to become an architect. You can learn more about the profession of architects through books, movies or articles, and I believe that more outstanding architects will build more outstanding buildings in the future. You should choose to become an architect, because many buildings require an architect to design, including safety, applicability and beautificati on. There are several reasons for this, one of the reasons you should choose to become an architect is that design can turn people's fantasies into reality based on what people think in their hearts. Another reason you should choose to become an architect is that you can create
  • 36. great and outstanding buildings. The third reason you should choose to be an architect is that design can create a better life. The last reason you should choose to become an architect is that you can have more job opportunities. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Again, how is this related to convenience? Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 Delete, you never need to say this. Alexandria Leyton 64890000000001170 I am really confused. This started out looking like a body paragraph about convenience but then went all over the place, talking about different topics so I am not sure what I am reading :( Lei 5 Judging from the information I have seen in the article, I believe that the profession of an architect will be very promising, because architecture has always existed in daily life or in history, and there will be
  • 37. architecture where there are people. We cannot do without architecture, including We live in houses, schools, hospitals, so the profession of architects will not disappear, only the demand for architects will increase. Therefore, loving life and living environment, becoming an architect can change a beautiful life so that everyone can enjoy the convenience and comfort brought by architects, and for this goal, strive to become an architect, hoping to be an architect in the future Bring some well-designed and well-built houses so that more people can enjoy them.
  • 38. Lei 6 Works Cited Van Dooren, E. J. G. C.1 E.J.G.C, Van Merriënboer, Boshuizen, Van Dorst, Asselbergs, “Architectural design education: in varietate unitas.” CCSF Library, Jun 2018, web-b-ebscohost- com.ccsf.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=18a9a55e - fdac-47dc- a72c86af98f61d14%40sessionmgr103&bda ta=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc 3QtbGl2ZQ %3d%3d#AN=129629809&db=ehh. “The 15 Most Famous Buildings in the World” LUXATIC, luxatic.com/the-15-most- famous-buildings-in-the-world/. RAY MARK RINALDI, “Architecture future: How buildings will begin to make our lives better.” The Denver Post, December 24, 2014 at 8:37 a.m. www.denverpost.com/2014/12/24/architecture-future-how- buildings-will- begin-to-make-our-lives-better/.
  • 39. “The job market for architects in the United States.” CareerExplorer, 2021, www.careerexplorer.com/careers/architect/job-market/. “Architects Career, Salary and Education Information.” Collegegrad, 2021, https://collegegrad.com/careers/architects.