Promoting Net Neutrality through multi stakeholder
capacity building and dialogue
Capacity Building Seminar

Excel Asama
Internet Society NGL, ICT Expert,
Netsquared Ambassador for Africa
#excelasama
Net Neutrality: definitions and
generalities of the concept
The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Net Neutrality issues and networks worldwide
(legal, technical and social)
Jul 18, 2014: Hotel Lewat
Aug 08, 2014: Ayaba Hotel Bamenda

Presentation planPresentation plan
Net Neutrality: definitions and
generalities of the concept
The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Net Neutrality issues and networks worldwide
(legal, technical and social)

Introduction & historical background
The Federal Communications
Commission is an independent agency of
the United States government, created by
Congressional statute to regulate interstate
and international communications by radio,
television, wire, satellite, and cable in all 50
states, the District of Columbia and U.S.
territories.

Introduction & historical background
The STING from the FCC and the debate
on Internet Governance both in the US
congress and abroad
FCC wants network owners (Verizons,
Comcasts, etc.) to create Internet "fast
lanes" for companies that pay them
more.

For Internet activists, this directly violated the principle of net neutrality

Introduction & historical background
The Net Neutrality debate has recently
come to the forefront of the Internet
Governance debate in the US.
Legislations are currently under
discussion in the US Congress and other
parts of the world

Net neutrality is the idea that any network traffic—
movies, web pages, MP3s, pictures—can move from
one place (our servers) to any other place
(readers' computers phones) without "discrimination."
Definitions and generalities of the
concept

Net neutrality is the idea that any
network traffic—movies, web pages,
MP3s, pictures—can move from one
place (our servers) to any other place
(readers' computers phones) without
"discrimination."
Definitions and generalities of the
concept

Definitions and generalities of the
concept
Net neutrality (also network neutrality or Internet neutrality) is
the principle that Internet service providers and governments
should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating
or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform,
application, type of attached equipment, and modes of
communication
Wikipedia

Definitions and generalities of the
concept
Network neutrality (or open inter-working) means that you are in control of
where you go and what you do online. Companies that provide Internet services
should treat all lawful Internet content in a neutral manner. It is the founding
principle of the Internet and what allows the Internet to be the largest and most
diverse platform for expression in recent history.
source: Internet Society

Definitions and generalities of the
concept
Lawful contents

Definitions and generalities of the
concept
Fundamentally, net
neutrality is about equal
access to the Internet.

Definitions and generalities of the concept
1 UNIVERSALITY AND EQUALITY:
All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights, which must be respected,
protected and fulfilled in the online environment.
2 RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE:
The Internet is a space for the promotion, protection and fulfillment of human rights
and the advancement of social justice. Everyone has the duty to respect the human
rights of all others in the online environment.
3 ACCESSIBILITY:
Everyone has an equal right to access and use a secure and open Internet.
4 EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATION:
Everyone has the right to seek, receive, and impart information freely on the Internet
without censorship or other interference. Everyone also has the right to associate
freely through and on the Internet, for social, political, cultural or other purposes.

Definitions and generalities of the
concept
5 PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION:
Everyone has the right to privacy online. This includes freedom from
surveillance, the right to use encryption, and the right to online anonymity.
Everyone also has the right to data protection, including control over
personal data collection, retention, processing, disposal and disclosure.
6 LIFE, LIBERTY AND SECURITY:
The rights to life, liberty, and security must be respected, protected and
fulfilled online. These rights must not be infringed upon, or used to infringe
other rights, in the online environment.
7 DIVERSITY:
Cultural and linguistic diversity on the Internet must be promoted, and
technical and policy innovation should be encouraged to facilitate plurality
of expression.

Definitions and generalities of the concept
LOI N°2010/013 DU 21 DECEMBRE 2010
REGISSANT LES COMMUNICATIONS
ELECTRONIQUES AU CAMEROUN
Article 36

Definitions and generalities of the concept
LOI N°2010/013 DU 21 DECEMBRE 2010
REGISSANT LES COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONIQUES AU CAMEROUN
Article 36.- (1) Il est institué par la présente loi, une Agence de
Régulation des Télécommunications, ci-après désignée
« l'Agence, » dotée de la personnalité juridique, de l’autonomie financière
et décisionnelle.
(2) L'Agence prévue à l'alinéa 1 ci-dessus assure pour le
compte de l’Etat, la régulation, le contrôle et le suivi des activités des
opérateurs et exploitants du secteur des Télécommunications et des
Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication. Elle veille
également au respect du principe d'égalité de traitement des usagers
dans toutes les entreprises de communications électroniques.

Definitions and generalities of the concept
LOI N°2010/013 DU 21 DECEMBRE 2010
REGISSANT LES COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONIQUES AU CAMEROUN
A ce titre, elle a entre autres pour missions :
-de veiller à l'application des textes législatifs et réglementaires en matière des
Télécommunications et des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication ;
-de s'assurer que l'accès aux réseaux ouverts au public s'effectue dans des conditions
objectives, transparentes et non discriminatoires ;
-de garantir une concurrence saine et loyale dans le secteur des Télécommunications
et des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication ;
- de sanctionner les manquements des opérateurs à leurs
obligations ainsi que les pratiques anticoncurrentielles ;

Introduction & historical background
Imagine a situation?

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Traffic Shaping
An abuse by some Internet service providers to slow down
certain types of traffic, like BitTorrent traffic. Other ISPs slow
down their customers’ connections if they download too much
data in a month.
I)

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Traffic Shaping
How to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your InternetHow to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your Internet
ConnectionConnection
.
I)
The Glasnost project provides web-based tests that can identify
whether different types of traffic are being rate-limited (slowed
down). For example, run the BitTorrent test and Glasnost will test
whether your ISP is slowing down your BitTorrent transfers. Glasnost
can also run tests to detect whether Flash video, eMule, Gnutella,
Email, HTTP, SSH, or Usenet are being throttled or blocked by your
ISP. Each test takes about eight minutes to run.

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Traffic Shaping
How to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your InternetHow to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your Internet
ConnectionConnection
.
I) Open the following link in any browser with java options
to run the test
http://broadband.mpi-sws.org/transparency/glasnost.php

Traffic Shaping
How to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your InternetHow to Test if Your ISP is Throttling Your Internet
ConnectionConnection
.
http://broadband.mpi-sws.org/transparency/glasnost.php
-
2)
3)
Select test to
run

Test results
Click here for
detailed results

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
II)
Practical work on network
probing (shaping)

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Deep packet Inspection (DPI)
In a nutshell, deep packet inspection is a type of data processing
that looks in detail at the contents of the data being sent, and re-
routes it accordingly. It can be used for perfectly innocuous
reasons, like making sure that a feed of data is supplying content
in the right format, or is free of viruses. Or it can be used for more
nefarious motives, like eavesdropping and censorship. Between
those two extremes is a grey area of data mining and privacy
violation, and it's these aspects that are raising hackles in some
parts of the web.
II)

The different forms of Net Neutrality
abuse and how to detect them
Deep packet Inspection (DPI)
In a nutshell, deep packet inspection is a type of data
processing that looks in detail at the contents of the data
being sent, and re-routes it accordingly. It can be used for
perfectly innocuous reasons, like making sure that a feed of data
is supplying content in the right format, or is free of viruses. Or it
can be used for more nefarious motives, like eavesdropping and
censorship. Between those two extremes is a grey area of data
mining and privacy violation, and it's these aspects that are
raising hackles in some parts of the web.
II)

Computers collect information that you send and receive into
"packets", which have a label on them (called a "header")
that describes what they are, who they're from and where they're
going, just like a letter flowing through a postal network.
Let me show you the header of an email
“Complete header” and trace Route
Deep packet Inspection (DPI)
How it works

NDT (Network Diagnostic Test)
Test your connection speed and recieve
sophisticated diagnosis of problems
limiting speed
NPAD diagnoses a range of common
performance issues affecting the last network
mile and end-users' systems.
Neubot (the network neutrality bot) is a free-software Internet bot,
developed and maintained by the Nexa Center for Internet and Society, that
gathers network performance data useful to investigate network neutrality
MobiPerf is an open source application for measuring network performance
on mobile platforms. You can measure your network's throughput and
latency, as well as other useful network metrics. MobiPerf also performs
measurements at regular intervals in the background.
http://www.mobiperf.com.
www.neubot.org

Search neutrality: Net Neutrality
•Dont tell me what to search
•Dont tell me where to go and what to do
online

Thank you
Excel Asama
Internet Society NGL, ICT Expert,
Netsquared Ambassador for Africa
#excelasama