1. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy Basics
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Richard Mawa Michael

2. • Introduction
▫ What is cybersecurity?
• Skill Building
▫ Recognizing a secure website
▫ Making passwords strong and memorable
▫ Recognizing and avoiding online scams
• Tips and Tricks
• Practice
Today’s Agenda
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3. 3
Introduction
Why do we need to be safe when
we’re online?
• Because we share personal information that we want
to keep private to avoid online attacks from cyber
criminals.
• Fraudsters may try to gain access to our personal
data or information so that they can restrict, steal,
or delete.

4. 4
Cybersecurity:
Personal data should not be
accessed by others. .
Our devices should work properly
and be free from malware.
Introduction (continued)
Cybersecurity is all about the safety of information—our identity, our personal data, and our financial assets—when
we’re online.
For people like you and me, cybersecurity means that 1) your personal data is only accessible to you or others you
authorize, and that 2) our devices—laptops, desktop computers, mobile phones, tablets—work properly and are free
from malware. Malware is malicious software. It can take many shapes—from viruses that infect your favorite
devices to spyware and adware that track your online activities.

5. Secure Websites
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Why do we need secure website
for our online activities?
• So that if you enter your personal information, you
want to keep your information safe.
• A secure website always keeps its users accounts
safe as a way of maintaining its reputation.

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Secure Websites contain https not just http.
HTTPS stand for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure. It's a way to securely send your data from
a browser to a website. It encrypts both data
entered in to a users device and data going from
the website to the browser

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Insecure websites usually contains the HTTP
layer only as seen below.

8. Personal Accounts
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What kinds of online accounts have
you created? Personal where all your
information/data is fully encrypted or
public accounts where all information
about you is publicly displayed.
Why would someone create an
account on a website?
• You create a personal account for communication,
online banking, e-services, learning/research, etc.

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Secure Websites (continued)
It’s important to keep your account secure
on any website

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Activity # 1

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ACTIVITY #1: Secure Websites
Use a Web browser to browse to a website you might use for shopping, banking, social
media, or something else that interests you.
If you don’t have your own computer, follow along with the instructor.
Website visited: ___________________________________________________________
Is the website I visited secure? ______ yes ______ no
How did you determine that the website is secure?
1. ___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________

12. Strong Passwords
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A strong password is one that is hard to guess and keeps
you safe in the Cyberspace.

13. Strong Passwords (continued)
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How do you come up with a password? Think of
something unique and strong.
How do you make it strong and secure? Avoid using
common dictionary names, your device names even
don't create your password from your name.

14. Common Requirements
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Can usually include:
• Numbers
• Uppercase and lowercase
letters
• Symbols or characters
such as ~ ! # @ $ %

15. Tips for Strong Passwords
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Don’t use common words like “password”
Don’t include personal information
Don’t use the same password on multiple accounts and sites
Don’t share with others—keep them private

16. Tips for strong passwords and phrase passes
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Make the password longer
Use short phrases that are easier to remember:
“cowshelpmakecheese”
Hard to
remember

17. Keeping Track of Passwords
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How do you remember your
passwords?
1. Include your password elsewhere in your Notebook
2. Use Password manager to store your passwords eg
last pass

18. 1. Notebook
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Store in a safe and
secure place
Instead of writing the actual password, write something that
helps you remember what the password is.

19. 2. Password Software provide applications that you
can install in your devices to store your passwords
safely for example last pass.
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20. Use passphrase rather than password.
It is easier to create a passphrase rather than a password because it is
generally in the form of a sentence rather than a word.
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cowshelpmakecheese

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Activity # 2

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23. 23
Using the password requirements in the Sign Up form above, create a
strong password that meets the criteria.

24. 24
Phishing
Online Fraud and Scams.
Social Engineering

25. Phishing is when a malicious party sends a
fraudulent email disguised as being from a
legitimate, trusted source.
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26. Spear phishing.
While phishing and spear phishing both use emails to
reach the victim,spear phishing emails are customized
to a specific person. The attacker researches the
Target's interests before sending the email.
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27. Social Engineering is an access attack that attempts to
manipulate individuals into performing actions or
divulging confidential information.
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28. Online Fraud and Scams (continued)
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What are some examples you’ve
experienced?
How can you help to stay safe from
fraudsters? to stay safe avoid responding to urgent problems
from unknown people that requires immediate network
access.

29. Tips to Recognize Scams
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Have you heard of the person or organization?
Can you tell who the email message is from?
Does the email have mistakes?
Are they asking for your information?
Are they trying to rush you into a quick action?
Is it too good to be true?

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Have you heard of the person or organization?

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Can you tell who the message is from?

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Are they asking for your information?

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Does the email have mistakes?

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Are they trying to rush you into a quick action?

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Is it too good to be true?

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Activity # 3

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What are four things in this email that indicate a scam?

38. Dos and Don’ts to Avoid Scams
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Give any personal information
Reply to or engage with the fraudster
Click any links or buttons
Download any files or attachments
Be skeptical
Read emails carefully
Look up information on your own
Don’t
Do

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Don’t give any personal information.

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Don’t reply to or engage with the fraudster.

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Don’t click any links or buttons.

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Don’t download any files or attachments.

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Do be skeptical.

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Do read emails carefully.

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Do look up information on your own.

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Activity # 4

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53. Questions
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Anything you want to ask or clarify
before we end?

54. Today you . . .
▫ learned about cybersecurity.
▫ built skills to:
● recognize a secure website.
● make passwords strong and memorable.
● recognize and avoid online scams.
▫ discovered useful tips to help you stay safe online.
Congratulations!
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55. Thank you for coming!
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