GLEAM-i, an interactive tool to assess GHG emissions in the livestock sector

2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
GLEAM-i
An interactive tool to assess GHG emissions
and mitigation potential in the livestock sector
Anne Mottet
Livestock Policy Officer
Rubén Martínez
Livestock analyst
http://www.fao.org/gleam

AGA provides support to countries for
developing sustainable livestock policies
Produce disaggregated assessments
Carry out economic analyses
Engage in multi-stakeholder initiatives on
methods and practice change
Pierre Gerber, Henning Steinfeld, Benjamin Henderson, Carolyn Opio, Anne Mottet, Tim Robinson,
Alessandra Falcucci, Giuseppe Tempio, Rubén Martinez, Michael MacLeod (SRUC), Theun Vellinga
(WUR)…

Countries report
about GHG
emissions
3
Manure
management
0.34 Gt
Enteric
fermentation
1.95 Gt
IPCC, 2014

GLEAM - Global Livestock Environment Assessment Model
A GIS tool initially developed to improve the understanding of GHG emissions in livestock
supply chains, extended to natural resource use efficiency: feed, land use, nitrogen…
• Life Cycle Assessment modelling, all steps of production, all major sources of emissions
• Computes livestock production and IPCC Tier 2 emissions at local level (cells on a map)
• Can generate averages and ranges at different scales
• Allows for scenario analysis and assessment of mitigation options
• Developed at FAO, in collaboration with other partners

• IPCC (2006) Tier 2 requires the animal population to be categorized into
distinct cohorts (types, weights, phase of production…)
But data on animal herd structure generally not available
 GLEAM herd module : 6 cohorts
Key production parameters:
mortality, fertility, growth and replacement
rates, age or weight at which animals transfer
between categories (e.g. age at first
parturition); duration of key periods (e.g.
gestation), and the ratio of breeding females
to males.

• Calculation of animal energy requirement for each cohort (system module)
IPCC (2006) Tier 2 (Equations 10.3 to 10.13)
Gross energy requirement = maintenance + lactation and pregnancy + animal activity +
weight gain and production.
IPCC (2006) does not include equations for calculating the energy requirement of pigs or
poultry
Equations derived from NRC (1998) for pigs, Sakomura (2004) for chickens
• Calculation of feed intake, total feed emissions and land use
Feed intake of each animal category (in kg DM/day) animal’s energy requirement / average
energy content of the ration (feed module)
 GLEAM feed module

• Calculation of CH4 emissions arising enteric fermentation (Tier 2)
IPCC (2006) provides default enteric methane conversion factor, Ym (% of
gross energy converted to methane)
GLEAM has specific Ym to reflect the wide-ranging diet quality and feeding
characteristics globally:
𝑌 𝑚 𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 = 9.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
𝑌 𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑝 = 9.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
𝑌 𝑚 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑏<1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 7.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
where DE = feed digestibility of the ration
CH4 emission factor:
𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4 = 365 ∙ 𝐺𝐸 ∙ 𝑌 𝑚 100 55.65

• CH4 emissions arising during manure management (Tier 2)
Volatile solids excretion rates: Equation 10.24 IPCC (2006)
Proportion of the volatile solids converted to CH4 during manure management:
Equation 10.23 IPCC (2006)
CH4 conversion factor: IPCC (2006, Table 10A-7)
Proportion of manure managed in each system: official statistics (such as the Annex
1 countries’ National Inventory Reports to the UNFCC), other literature sources and
expert judgement. IPCC systems challenging.
• N2O emissions arising during manure management (Tier 2)
N excretion : Equation 10.31 IPCC (2006) as the difference between intake and
retention. N-intake depends on the feed dry matter intake and the N content per kg
of feed.
Rate of conversion of excreted N to N2O: IPCC (2006) default emission factors for
direct N2O (Table 10.21, IPCC 2006) and indirect via volatilization (Table 10.22, IPCC
2006) + variable leaching rates, depending on the AEZ

FAO, 2013
EGG
EGGS
Diversity in livestock production systems is
a challenge for GHG emissions reporting
and an opportunity for mitigation

The sector could cut down its emissions by 30%
with already available technologiesand practices
while maintaining or improving production

Source: GLEAM
Feed digestibility for dairy cattle

Methane conversion factor for dairy cattle
Source: GLEAM

• Calculate emissions from livestock supply chains at national, regional, global levels and
by species and type of production systems
• Ex-ante assessment of technical interventions in the livestock sector (e.g. vaccination
campaigns, feed quality improvements etc.)
• Support the design of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (e.g. productivity
gains in dairy production in Kenya)
• Support the formulation of investment proposals for CSA (e.g. Ecuador, Niger, Zambia,
Malawi, with GCF formulation)
• Cost-benefit assessment of mitigation options: Mitigation Abatements Cost Curves
(spatially explicit)
GLEAM - Applications

GLEAM-i (interactive)
• Publicly available, user-friendly tool for
calculating emissions using IPCC Tier 2
methods in a single Excel file
• Designed to support governments,
project planners and civil society
organizations
• Can be used in the preparation of
national inventories and in ex-ante
evaluation of projects with interventions
in livestock

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GLEAM-i, an interactive tool to assess GHG emissions in the livestock sector

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GLEAM-i, an interactive tool to assess GHG emissions in the livestock sector