1.
IPR in 2021
Jacques Folon
www.folon.com
Partner Edge Consulting
Maître de conférences
Université de Liège
Chargé de cours
ICHEC Brussels
Professeur invité
Université de Lorraine
ESC Rennes
IACE Tunis
IAM OUagadougou
http://www.nyls.edu/institute_for_information_law_and_policy/conferences/visualizing_law_in_the_digital_age/

2.
Some IPR Criticisms
2
http://pyersedandridge.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/website-home-page-critique-550x322.jpg

3.
80% of the French Internet Users
do consider that Pyracy is not
theft
3

4.
5
COPYRIGHT LENGHT INCREASES

5.
6
IPR is outdated
Beaumarchais created
the first copyright society
in 1777
FRANCE IS
THE
« DROIT D’AUTEUR»
COUNTRY

6.
IS IPR a property like any other one?
• No, it is limited in time
7

7.
• No, it creates a temporary monopoly position
8
IS IPR a property like any other one?

8.
IPR limits research
9

9.
IPR limits art
10

10.
What is the purpose of IPR?
• It allows the possibility for an author to
live
• It gives various type of protection
11

11.
Février 2008
IDEAS
Ideas are not protected
works. They are not
subject to property and
are free as far as they
are not proposed in an
external way
(CA Paris 12 sept
1989)

12.
IPR
• Inventions
– Patents
– GMO
– IT Chips
• Signs
– Trade mark
– Names
– Geographical protection
• Esthetical objects & design
– Design
• Copyright, droit d’auteur & neighboring
rights
13

13.
« Droit d’auteur »
Original
• « shows the personality of the author »
• Plagiarism is not original
Concretization
• Ideas are not protected
• A minimum of concretization is enough
• L’œuvre est protégée dès sa création ,
sans procédure particulière
• two criteria needed
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet

14.
15
Questions to raise before using
protected works
• Are these protected works?
• Are we authorized to use them?
• Do we have a written agreement?
=> what are the basic principles?

15.
16
Basic principles
• Exclusive right
• 70 Years after author’s death
• Preliminary authorization
• transfer of rights
• forbidden by law !!
Crédit image: http://www.tetedequenelle.fr/2010/03/droit-dauteur-mal-tourne/

16.
17

17.
18
Categories
« Droit d’auteur »
« copyright system »
creative commons
assignment of rights
Public domain

18.
What is protected ?
Text
Conferences
theatre
choreography
circus
movie
paintings
music
photo
maps
architecture
software
design
fashion

19.
20
Membership of collective societies
• SACD - SACEM - SAIF
• SGAE - GEMA…
• SOFAM
• …
Authors assign their rights to
• Publishers (books, press, etc.)
• Producteurs (musique, cinéma)
Author’s keep some rights
• Reproduction (xerox copy)
• Representation
Contract
Trough
mandate
they keep
moral right
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
Various assignments or representation

20.
21
Protection of the work
• Official declaration in the copyright
system
• Nothing for « droit d’auteur »

21.
25
The Author
Copyright system the producer
Droit d’auteur: the individual

22.
24
Patrimonial rights
Patrimonial rights could be assigned to a third party
trout a contract, against payment or for free
reproduction
adaptation
communication to the public
translation
representation
Crédit image: http://www.moneyandfinanceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Money-transfer-sending-money.jpg

23.
27
reproduction right
•A copy of the work
•Xerox copy
•3D printing
•Recording
•copy of a film
•etc.
• IFFRO and copy

24.
27
The fact that one buys an object does not
means that he/she automatically owns the
copyrights
118

25.
Copyright protection does not vary following
• the nature of the work (music,
sculpture, etc.)
• its form (digital, 3D or 2D, etc.)
• Its beauty or its price

26.
29
Moral right
Only in some
countries
end of the work
could not be seazed
Paternity
respect
destruction
honor & reputation
120

27.
Exceptions
31
Quotations
legal licences
reprography
family
news
communication as minor element
fair use
public domain

28.
FAIR USE
– the usage of the work may be accepted
depending on
• the usage (education
• the type of work
• size and quantities of use
• consequences on the market share
33

29.
35
Neighboring rights
categories that help the author or created
specific rights
performing artists
producers
broadcasters
database producers
duration 70 years

30.
Various type of remuneration
• Proportionnal
• Assignment of rights
• Collective organisations
• individual negociations
• Employee
• Legal licence

31.
Which authorization for internet use?
• Reproduction rights
• Communication to the public
• ! each use s/b authorized
• Do not forget moral right
• assignment of right s/b in writing

32.
To whom may we ask the
authorization?
• Author
• Performing artists
• Neighboring rights
• Broadcasters
• Rightsowners
• Collective organizations may help

33.
Assignment of rights
(Droit d’auteur)
• in writing
• Strict interpretation
• S/B precise
– which right
– remuneration
– how long
– for which territory
• Difference with the copyright system

34.
IPR and ICT
44

35.
46

36.
Open source software
47

37.
48

38.
Other licences

39.
« What »
No
authorization
needed as far
as you respect
the licence
A contract is needed for an
additional use (commercial by
instance)
Example
Creative Commons
4 criteria 6 liences

40.
What is new
• individual rights management
• Preliminary authorization
• usage pre-defined

41.
the most popular is CC invented by
Lawrence Lessig
philosophy oh the library of Alexandria
Free as a free speech not as a free beer

42.
• 4 criteria :
– atribute)
– no derivative
– Share-alike
– Non commercial (nc)

43.
Now you know how to handle
droit d’auteur, copyright &
neighboring rights
don’t forget it !
58

44.
TRADEMARKS
An image, a graphic design
a word, an image
useful to recognize products
forbid confusion with other products
Duration 10 years renewable
by country and for EU

45.
CONDITIONS
not forbid by law
no confusion
new means nothing similar already protected
DISTINCTIVE <> GENERIC, USUAL OU
DESCRIPTIVE
Third party could refuse (ex:Apple)

46.
Trademarks, domain names &
user names in social media
200 millions domain names
2 billions user names
google search identifies user names
crédit image: http://www.them.pro/files/images/domain-names-extensions.jpg

47.
No coordination
=
CONFLIT
source FREDERIC BOURGUET
http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=noms+de+domaine
trademarks usernames

48.
64
Some conflicts
• pre-existing trademark (Milka)
• idem but reasons (armani)
• trademark created after a domain name
78

49.
Trademark is important
• important since the beginning !
• Part of the e-reputation
• Allows to refuse other trademarks
requests
• need to follow what happens on line

50.
Design & models
Protects appearance if
it is new
it is specific
Duration 25 years
http://lyc-stpaulnotredame-72.ac-nantes.fr/IMG/jpg/Philippe_Starck_1949-_-_Presse-Agrume_1_.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRLU6-6-PHFcb9sXL9Vmx10ANW5L_gBg2a6RL2f79VbD5dxkQFlMg

51.
Patents

52.
Promotes research by giving during a
limited time (20 years) a monopoly to a
person or a company who invent a product
a process that is new

53.
In order to receive a patent 4 conditions :
– new technical effect
– industrial consequences
– new (unknow by the public)
– Innovative (as expert decide)

54.
71
Why did Google bought Motorola ?

55.
Right on his/her image
72

56.
Basic principles
• International treaties
• privacy means also right to his image
• principally no need for a damage
• Preliminary authorization needed
• duration 20 years after the individual’s death

57.
How ?
Prior authorization requested
Exceptions:
–person with a public status - even temporary (only during
public life)
–consent for a shooting does not mean consent for usage
the person needs be identified (>< crowd)

58.
Internet: digital far west ?
76

59.
77
First court case

60.
@
OPTE Project Map of the Internet – CC-BY
78
•Peer to peer
•drugs
•counterfeits products
•Diffamation
Virtual world– real world
National law - internet

61.
INTERNET LAW ?
•There is no internet law
•digital is not different
•new usages & international level
•Digital influence the legal framework
79

62.
Digital influence
80
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/ecriture-web-et-dimension-juridique
•Cut & paste
•multimedia (voice, music, video, )
•co-working
•immediate publication
•re-use, re-create, re-publish
•a work has an independent life

63.
Digital and the law
Laws do exist but are not
respected
New problems that are not
covered by existing laws
Who is responsible? (creator,
hosted, telecom operator,…)
Applicable law ?
83

64.
Google Book Search
•US law vs. French law
• French stops Google
•Finally agreements
84

65.
• more & more influence of the terms &
conditions
Applicable law is a complex matter

66.
88
Is it legal ???

67.
Is a tweet
a protected work?

68.
Where is the limit?
• What happens after your death?
emails
social media ?
virtual goods
e-reputation
CC-BY-NC-ND Henning
97
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet

69.
Where is the limit ?
98
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
Theft in videogames ?

70.
WHERE IS THE LIMIT?
ARE AVATARS BECOMING LEGAL
ENTITIES ?
Sur Second Life
99

71.
CURATION : ILLEGAL ?
100

72.
http://www.scoop.it/t/any-need-for-reinventing-copyright-droit-d-auteur-intellectual-property-news
101
AUTHOR ?
A few lines
Photo Share… legally?

73.
102

74.
Jacques Folon
Jacques.folon@ichec.be

75.
104
Q & A
Crédit image: http://jillsbooks.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/hellooooo-anybody-out-there/raise-your-hand-2/