Intellectual property & digital business
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Lecture given @ ICHEC during my class of "strategy for digital business"
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Intellectual property & digital business
- 1. IPR IPR & Digital business Jacques Folon President gdprfolder.eu GDPR Director Edge Consulting DPO Professor ICHEC Brussels Maître de conférences Université de Liège Visiting professor Université de Lorraine ESC Rennes
- 4. 80% of the French Internet Users do consider that Pyracy is not theft 4
- 7. 7 IPR is outdated Beaumarchais created the first copyright society in 1777 FRANCE IS THE « DROIT D’AUTEUR» COUNTRY
- 8. IS IPR a property like any other one? • No, it is limited in time 8
- 9. • No, it creates a temporary monopoly position 9 IS IPR a property like any other one?
- 12. What is the purpose of IPR? • It allows the possibility for an author to live • It gives various type of protection 12
- 13. Février 2008 IDEAS Ideas are not protected works. They are not subject to property and are free as far as they are not proposed in an external way (CA Paris 12 sept 1989)
- 14. IPR • Inventions – Patents – GMO – IT Chips • Signs – Trade mark – Names – Geographical protection • Esthetical objects & design – Design • Copyright, droit d’auteur & neighboring rights 14
- 15. « Droit d’auteur » Original • « shows the personality of the author » • Plagiarism is not original Concretization • Ideas are not protected • A minimum of concretization is enough • two criteria needed Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
- 16. 16 Questions to raise before using protected works • Are these protected works? • Are we authorized to use them? • Do we have a written agreement? => what are the basic principles?
- 17. 17 Basic principles •Exclusive right •70 Years after author’s death •Preliminary authorization •transfer of rights •forbidden by law !! Crédit image: http://www.tetedequenelle.fr/2010/03/droit-dauteur-mal-tourne/
- 18. 18
- 19. 19 Categories « Droit d’auteur » « copyright system » creative commons assignment of rights Public domain
- 20. What is protected ? Text Conferences theatre choreography circus movie paintings music photo maps architecture software design fashion
- 21. 21 Membership of collective societies • SACD - SACEM - SAIF • SGAE - GEMA… Authors assign their rights to • Publishers (books, press, etc.) • Producteurs (musique, cinéma) Author’s keep some rights • Reproduction (xerox copy) • Representation Contract Trough mandate they keep moral right Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet Various assignments or representation
- 22. 22 Protection of the work •Official declaration in the copyright system •Nothing for « droit d’auteur »
- 23. 25 The Author Copyright system the producer Droit d’auteur: the individual
- 24. 24 • The author has the exclusive right – to make a copy or accept reproduction – communication to the public – translation – adaptation – sales • Duration in EU: 70 years after the author’s death Crédit image: http://www.rtbf.be/culture/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/AFPgoncourt1.jpg
- 25. 25 Patrimonial rights Patrimonial rights could be assigned to a third party trout a contract, against payment or for free reproduction adaptation communication to the public translation representation Crédit image: http://www.moneyandfinanceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Money-transfer-sending-money.jpg
- 26. 27 reproduction right •A copy of the work •Xerox copy •3D printing •Recording •copy of a film •etc. • IFFRO and copy
- 27. 27 Contracts the author is the weak party strict interpretation assignment of right clause
- 28. 28 The fact that one buys an object does not means that he/she automatically owns the copyrights 118
- 29. Copyright protection does not vary following •the nature of the work (music, sculpture, etc.) •its form (digital, 3D or 2D, etc.) •Its beauty or its price
- 30. 30 Moral right Only in some countries end of the work could not be seazed Paternity respect destruction honor & reputation 120
- 32. Exceptions 32 Quotations legal licences reprography family news communication as minor element fair use public domain
- 33. Triple test • Exceptions may apply: – only for limited cases – if they do not limit exploitation – if not against rightsowners
- 34. FAIR USE – the usage of the work may be accepted depending on • the usage (education • the type of work • size and quantities of use • consequences on the market share 34
- 35. 35
- 36. 36 Neighboring rights categories that help the author or created specific rights !performing artists !producers !broadcasters !database producers !duration 70 years
- 37. Various type of remuneration • Proportionnal • Assignment of rights • Collective organisations • individual negociations • Employee • Legal licence
- 38. Which authorization for internet use? • Reproduction rights • Communication to the public • ! each use s/b authorized • Do not forget moral right • assignment of right s/b in writing
- 39. To whom may we ask the authorization? • Author • Performing artists • Neighboring rights • Broadcasters • Rightsowners • Collective organizations may help
- 40. Collective organizations • Contracts with rights owners • Reciprocal agreements • Contracts with users – internet – TV • Documentation • Distribution
- 41. Assignment of rights (Droit d’auteur) • in writing • Strict interpretation • S/B precise – which right – remuneration – how long – for which territory • Difference with the copyright system
- 42. Sub contractors (droit d’auteur) • in writing • Strict interpretation • S:B precise – which right – remuneration – how long – for which territory • Difference with the copyright system
- 43. What if no assignment? • The author keeps his rights • Negociation at the end of the contract • legal action from the author possible
- 44. What is not protected ? • laws • political speeches (with exceptions) • some public documents
- 45. IPR and ICT 45
- 46. 46
- 48. 48
- 49. Other licences
- 51. « free » licences • origin; open source world • « copyleft » • Philosophy : positive exploitation in order to authorize copy, distribution, re-use, modification, in order to increase share, creation and the creation of common goods
- 52. What is new • individual rights management • Preliminary authorization • usage pre-defined
- 53. the most popular is CC invented by Lawrence Lessig philosophy oh the library of Alexandria Free as a free speech not as a free beer
- 54. • 4 criteria : – atribute) – no derivative – Share-alike – Non commercial (nc)
- 55. • Six licences : – By – By-nd – By-nc-nd – By-nc – By-nc-sa – By-sa
- 56. • The licence follow the work
- 58. Now you know how to handle droit d’auteur, copyright & neighboring rights don’t forget it ! 58
- 59. TRADEMARKS An image, a graphic design a word, an image useful to recognize products forbid confusion with other products Duration 10 years renewable by country and for EU
- 60. CONDITIONS not forbid by law no confusion new means nothing similar already protected DISTINCTIVE <> GENERIC, USUAL OU DESCRIPTIVE Third party could refuse (ex:Apple)
- 62. Trademarks, domain names & user names in social media 200 millions domain names 2 billions user names google search identifies user names crédit image: http://www.them.pro/files/images/domain-names-extensions.jpg
- 63. No coordination = CONFLIT source FREDERIC BOURGUET http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=noms+de+domaine trademarks usernames
- 64. !64 Some conflicts • pre-existing trademark (Milka) • idem but reasons (armani) • trademark created after a domain name 78
- 65. Usernames easy to obtain no control used by search engines crédit image: http://www.saadkamal.com/social-media/change-facebook-username/
- 66. Trademark is important • important since the beginning ! • Part of the e-reputation • Allows to refuse other trademarks requests • need to follow what happens on line
- 67. Design & models Protects appearance if it is new it is specific Duration 25 years http://lyc-stpaulnotredame-72.ac-nantes.fr/IMG/jpg/Philippe_Starck_1949-_-_Presse-Agrume_1_.jpg https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRLU6-6-PHFcb9sXL9Vmx10ANW5L_gBg2a6RL2f79VbD5dxkQFlMg
- 68. Patents
- 69. Promotes research by giving during a limited time (20 years) a monopoly to a person or a company who invent a product a process that is new
- 70. In order to receive a patent 4 conditions : – new technical effect – industrial consequences –new (unknow by the public) –Innovative (as expert decide)
- 71. 71 Why did Google bought Motorola ?
- 72. Right on his/her image 72
- 73. Basic principles • International treaties • privacy means also right to his image • principally no need for a damage • Preliminary authorization needed • duration 20 years after the individual’s death
- 74. How ? Prior authorization requested Exceptions: – person with a public status - even temporary (only during public life) – consent for a shooting does not mean consent for usage the person needs be identified (>< crowd)
- 75. Remember authorization is also needed for • Artwork • Buildings and monument (Eiffel tower) • Houses • trademarks • design • For pictures two authorizations needed – photographer – subject (individual or not) • discussion for journalists: right of information >< right of image
- 76. Internet: digital far west ? 76
- 78. Legal questions on Internet ? OPTE Project Map of the Internet – CC-BY 78 •Peer to peer •drugs •counterfeits products •Diffamation Virtual world– real world National law - internet
- 79. INTERNET LAW ? •There is no internet law •digital is not different •new usages & international level •Digital influence the legal framework 79
- 80. Digital influence 80Source: http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/ecriture-web-et-dimension-juridique •Cut & paste •multimedia (voice, music, video, ) •co-working •immediate publication •re-use, re-create, re-publish •a work has an independent life
- 81. We are in a cut & paste civilisation Will Lion. Copy Culture. CC-BY-NC-NC Each use of a digital work implies a copy
- 82. 82 Big change •Collaborative creation •Collective intelligence •Use of hyperlinks
- 83. Digital and the law Laws do exist but are not respected New problems that are not covered by existing laws Who is responsible? (creator, hosted, telecom operator,…) Applicable law ? 83
- 84. Google Book Search •US law vs. French law • French stops Google •Finally agreements 84
- 85. • more & more influence of the terms & conditions Applicable law is a complex matter
- 86. 86 Did you read them ?
- 88. 88 Is it legal ???
- 89. Is a tweet a protected work?
- 91. some examples
- 92. 3D Printers 92
- 93. Myth of 30 seconds 93
- 94. Another myth 94
- 95. How to suppress copyrights 95
- 96. It’s quite confusing • wording not really understood (copyright, free, free for use,…) • many new laws and regulations • and everything could be copied in one clic
- 97. Where is the limit? • What happens after your death? "emails "social media ? "virtual goods "e-reputation CC-BY-NC-ND Henning 97 Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
- 98. Where is the limit ? 98Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet Theft in videogames ?
- 99. WHERE IS THE LIMIT? ARE AVATARS BECOMING LEGAL ENTITIES ? Sur Second Life 99
- 100. Another example: IS CURATION ILLEGAL ? 100
- 101. http://www.scoop.it/t/any-need-for-reinventing-copyright-droit-d-auteur-intellectual-property-news 101 AUTHOR ? A few lines Photo Share… legally?
- 102. 102
- 104. 104 Q & A Crédit image: http://jillsbooks.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/hellooooo-anybody-out-there/raise-your-hand-2/