cell and cell organelle

2. component Animal cell Plant cell
Cell
membrane
Present Present
Cell wall ………….. …………….
…………. Present Absent
Plastids ……………. …………….
………… Present Present
Vacuole ……………. …………….
Golgi complex ……………….
.
……………….

3. Cell wall:
 found around cells of
algae fungi and plant
 Elastic and strong coat
around cell membrane.
 It composed of
carbohydrates, like
cellulose and pectin.
 Protect the cell by
preventing entry of
excess water in cell.

4. PLASMA MEMBRANE/ CELL MEMBRANE
 Thin fragile and elastic
covering that separates
the cell components
from outer environment
 Protein molecules are
embedded in two layers
of phospholipids.
 Selective permeable
membrane

5.  Activity is that consumes cellular energy
1) Endocytosis: to engulf food .
2) Exocytose: to excrete waste material.
Process those that don’t consume
cellular energy.
1) Diffusion: entry or exit of small
molecules like o2, co2 .

6. 1) Osmosis: travelling of water from
highier to lower level through selective
permeable membrane
 It is physical process with 3 posibilities
1) Isotonic: same proportion of water
2) Hypertonic: cell has less water than
outside medium
3) Hypertonic: cell has more water than
outside medium

8. CYTOPLASM:
 Fluid present between the
plasma membrane and
nucleus.
 Many cell organelles are
suspended in cytoplasm.
 “ the part of cytoplasm
other than organelles is
the cytosole”
 It stores vital substance
like amino acid , glucose
vitamins etc.

9. CELL ORGANELLES
 They are organ of the cell.
 Each organelles has its own lipoprotein
membrane. Except nucleus and chloroplast.

10. NUCLEUS:(ACTIVITY TAKEN BY TEACHER)
 The dark , round spot seen under the
microscope while observing the onion
peeling stain with iodine in the nucleus of the
cell.
 It covers double layered membrane with
small pores.
 Pores allow to the massages of material in
an out of the nucleus.
 It has one nucleolus and a network of
chromatin fibers . It is thin and thread like
structure.

11. Take cross
sction
products

12. Function:
 Control all metabolic activity of the cell
and cell division.
 It involves in transmission of hereditary
character from parents to offspring.

13. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM;-
 The organelles which conduct various
substances inside the cell is called
endoplasmic reticulum.
 Net like structure.
 It is connected to nucleus from inner side to
plasma membrane from outer side.
 It has ribosome granules on its outer surface.
 Function: it is frame work that supports
cells.
 Conduction of protein.

15. GOLGI COMPLEX
 It is made up of 5-8 hollow and flat sac placed
parallel to each other .
 These sac are called “ cisternea”
 It is field with different enzymes.
 Proteins come in from ER are enclosed In
vesicles, which come toward Golgi complex
via cytoplasm.
 It passes through cisternea , chemical
modification through enzyme.

17. Function :
1) It is secretary organ of the cell.
2) It modifies sorts and pack material
synthesized in the cell .
3) It helps in formation of cell wall
,plasma membrane , lysosome .
4) It produces vacuoles and secretary
vesicles.

18. LYSOSOME:
 Due to various metabolic
activities in the cell , organic
waste is generated.
 Lysosomes digests the
waste .
 It is simple and single
membrane bound sac filled
with digestive enzyme.

20. FUNCTION
1) Immune system – it destroys viruses and
Bactria that attack the cell.
2) Demolition squads – it is destroys worn
out cellular organelles and organic debris.
3) Suicide bag.
4) During starvation , lysosomes digest stored
protein, fats.

21. MITOCHONDRIA:
 Each cell requires energy and this energy is
produced in mitochondria.
 Under microscope is seen that a double
membrane structure.
 The outer membrane is porous .
 Inner membrane is deeply folded , these fold
are called ‘ cristae’.
 Inner cavity is filled with pertinacious jell like
matrix containing ribosome , phosphate
granules and DNA.

23.  i.e. it can produced its own protein.
 With the help of enzymes mitochondria
oxidise carbohydrates and fats in the cell.
 The energy released in these process is
stored in the mitochondria in the form of ATP.
FUNCTION:
1) To produces energy – rich compound- ATP.
2) Synthesis of protein, CARBOHYDRATE,
LIPIDS ETC.By using the enrgy in ATP

24. VACUOLES
 It is storage sac for the solid and liquid
contain.
 They don't have any typical size and shape.
 The structure of vacuole changes according
to the need of cell.
 It is bounded by single membrane.

25. function:-
1) To maintain osmotic pressure of
the cell
2) To store metabolic by product and
end products .
3) In the animal cell thev store waste
product and food ,while in amoeba
it stores food before digestion .

26. PLASTIDS:
The organelles which gives red ,yellow,
orange ,or blue color is present only in
the plant cell- it is called as plastid .