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www.krishi.info
PRECISION FARMING
Past – Present - Future
www.krishi.info
About Precision Farming
• Precision agriculture (PA) also called Satellite farming (SF) OR Site specific crop management (SSCM).
• Based on : observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops.
• Identifies critical factors where yield is limited by controllable factors and determines intrinsic variability.
• Record variations in crop or soil properties within a field which forms the basis for taking management
decisions.
www.krishi.info
Why do we need Precision Farming
• Increased Land degradation.
• Depletion of Water resources.
• Reduced availability of labour.
• Better management of large scale crops.
• Socio economic need for enhanced productivity
• Minimum use of land, water and time.
• To reduce environment pollution due to use of fertilizers and chemicals.
• Alleviate poverty by enhancing quality of life and attaining food security.
• Need for a technology enabled revolution to convert 2/3rd of the arable rain fed land for greater
productivity.
www.krishi.info
Challenges on Implementing PF
• Lack of technical knowledge and technological expertise.
• Small plots or clusters of land.
• Higher costs in fetching PF systems.
• Poor penetration to Internet availability.
• Illiteracy rate high in the country.
www.krishi.info
How is it done?
Remote and In-field Sensing
Satellite Imagery
Aerial Photography
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
In-field Infrared
Chlorophyll Meters
Crop Height Monitoring
www.krishi.info
Satellite Imagery
• Spectral imagery from satellite.
• Not available to every one due to legal regulations or protected by law.
• Cost for purchasing the images from satellite service providers is high.
• Not precise and real time data not available.
• Images will be shot at different times.
• Outdated images will be provided – real time capturing not feasible.
• Distortion may happen due to clouds or other factors.
• Moving satellites from time to time and from place to place with
respect to requirements is not feasible.
• Targets cannot be locked for multiple locations using satellite.
• Data cannot be fetched as and when required by farmers.
• Cost of establishment and maintenance for regular is too high.
www.krishi.info
Photogammetry with UAV
• Real time geographic area modelling- terrain can be
modelled on a computer as such.
• Aerial surveying provides data related to:
Degradation / Erosion of soil
Extend of pollution
Data on growth / degradation of crops
• Deriving the geographic pattern in 2D/3D for terrain
analysis and planning.
• Simulated video generation from terrain analysis for
crop investigative purposes.
• Flood detection, crop cultivation and management,
accident recreation etc. can be done.
www.krishi.info
• Comparatively lower cost with respect to satellite
imagery.
• Flight chart can be configured manually in
accordance with the needs.
• Anytime change in flight paths.
• Concentrating a particular area for any number of
time and for many hours/days possible.
• No limits or separate access fee required compared
to satellite feeds.
• No Govt. orders or sanctions required.
• Effective use of Artificial intelligence makes data
delivery in real time.
• Real time monitoring of data and maps.
• Generates Orthomosaic and 3D models for extraction
of data outputs.
www.krishi.info
SIFT Feature Extraction
• SIFT – Scale Invariant Feature Transform is an algorithm to
detect and describe local features in images.
• It describes an object by taking points on it and then use
those characteristics to locate the object from a group of
moving objects.
• Used in :
Object recognition,
Robotic mapping,
Navigation,
Image stitching for mapping,
3D modelling,
Gesture recognition,
Video tracking,
Match moving etc.
www.krishi.info
• Image stitching – means combining multiple
photos with overlapping fields to produce a
panoramic HD/3D view.
• Applied in MEDICAL IMAGING.
• Video Tracking - Locating a moving object and
tracking its course using a camera.
www.krishi.info
RANSAC Outlier Detection
• Estimates parameters of a mathematical model from a
set of observed data which contains a model parameter.
• A model parameter will be established and the result of
aerial observation will be cross checked with this model
to find erroneous measurements or incorrect hypothesis.
www.krishi.info
• Used to solve LDP(Location Determination
Problem) where the use is to determine the
points in space that project on to an image into
a set of landmarks with known locations.
www.krishi.info
AFFINE Transformation Technique
Affine transformation is used to correct for geometric
distortions or deformations that occur with non-ideal
camera angles.
www.krishi.info
GEMS & Multispectral Imaging
• State of the art air-vehicle
camera for collecting
visible and near infrared
imagery for precision
agriculture
www.krishi.info
To bring a change ?
• Co-operative movement in agriculture.
• Co-operative markets.
• Farmer Clubs.
• Pilot projects.
• Intrinsic research and adaptation of technical knowhow from other countries.
• Government initiation and promotion for smart technology on field.
• On field training and trainers on pan country scene.
• Regulations in Rules and Acts. (Use of Drones and Satellite Imagery is prohibited)
www.krishi.info
Advantages
• Increase in productivity using frontier technologies without damaging the quality of land and water
• Pan nation wide techno-green revolution as the need of the hour.
www.krishi.info

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Precision Farming / Satellite Farming (SSCM)

  • 2. PRECISION FARMING Past – Present - Future www.krishi.info
  • 3. About Precision Farming • Precision agriculture (PA) also called Satellite farming (SF) OR Site specific crop management (SSCM). • Based on : observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. • Identifies critical factors where yield is limited by controllable factors and determines intrinsic variability. • Record variations in crop or soil properties within a field which forms the basis for taking management decisions. www.krishi.info
  • 4. Why do we need Precision Farming • Increased Land degradation. • Depletion of Water resources. • Reduced availability of labour. • Better management of large scale crops. • Socio economic need for enhanced productivity • Minimum use of land, water and time. • To reduce environment pollution due to use of fertilizers and chemicals. • Alleviate poverty by enhancing quality of life and attaining food security. • Need for a technology enabled revolution to convert 2/3rd of the arable rain fed land for greater productivity. www.krishi.info
  • 5. Challenges on Implementing PF • Lack of technical knowledge and technological expertise. • Small plots or clusters of land. • Higher costs in fetching PF systems. • Poor penetration to Internet availability. • Illiteracy rate high in the country. www.krishi.info
  • 6. How is it done? Remote and In-field Sensing Satellite Imagery Aerial Photography Electrical Conductivity (EC) In-field Infrared Chlorophyll Meters Crop Height Monitoring www.krishi.info
  • 7. Satellite Imagery • Spectral imagery from satellite. • Not available to every one due to legal regulations or protected by law. • Cost for purchasing the images from satellite service providers is high. • Not precise and real time data not available. • Images will be shot at different times. • Outdated images will be provided – real time capturing not feasible. • Distortion may happen due to clouds or other factors. • Moving satellites from time to time and from place to place with respect to requirements is not feasible. • Targets cannot be locked for multiple locations using satellite. • Data cannot be fetched as and when required by farmers. • Cost of establishment and maintenance for regular is too high. www.krishi.info
  • 8. Photogammetry with UAV • Real time geographic area modelling- terrain can be modelled on a computer as such. • Aerial surveying provides data related to: Degradation / Erosion of soil Extend of pollution Data on growth / degradation of crops • Deriving the geographic pattern in 2D/3D for terrain analysis and planning. • Simulated video generation from terrain analysis for crop investigative purposes. • Flood detection, crop cultivation and management, accident recreation etc. can be done. www.krishi.info
  • 9. • Comparatively lower cost with respect to satellite imagery. • Flight chart can be configured manually in accordance with the needs. • Anytime change in flight paths. • Concentrating a particular area for any number of time and for many hours/days possible. • No limits or separate access fee required compared to satellite feeds. • No Govt. orders or sanctions required. • Effective use of Artificial intelligence makes data delivery in real time. • Real time monitoring of data and maps. • Generates Orthomosaic and 3D models for extraction of data outputs. www.krishi.info
  • 10. SIFT Feature Extraction • SIFT – Scale Invariant Feature Transform is an algorithm to detect and describe local features in images. • It describes an object by taking points on it and then use those characteristics to locate the object from a group of moving objects. • Used in : Object recognition, Robotic mapping, Navigation, Image stitching for mapping, 3D modelling, Gesture recognition, Video tracking, Match moving etc. www.krishi.info
  • 11. • Image stitching – means combining multiple photos with overlapping fields to produce a panoramic HD/3D view. • Applied in MEDICAL IMAGING. • Video Tracking - Locating a moving object and tracking its course using a camera. www.krishi.info
  • 12. RANSAC Outlier Detection • Estimates parameters of a mathematical model from a set of observed data which contains a model parameter. • A model parameter will be established and the result of aerial observation will be cross checked with this model to find erroneous measurements or incorrect hypothesis. www.krishi.info
  • 13. • Used to solve LDP(Location Determination Problem) where the use is to determine the points in space that project on to an image into a set of landmarks with known locations. www.krishi.info
  • 14. AFFINE Transformation Technique Affine transformation is used to correct for geometric distortions or deformations that occur with non-ideal camera angles. www.krishi.info
  • 15. GEMS & Multispectral Imaging • State of the art air-vehicle camera for collecting visible and near infrared imagery for precision agriculture www.krishi.info
  • 16. To bring a change ? • Co-operative movement in agriculture. • Co-operative markets. • Farmer Clubs. • Pilot projects. • Intrinsic research and adaptation of technical knowhow from other countries. • Government initiation and promotion for smart technology on field. • On field training and trainers on pan country scene. • Regulations in Rules and Acts. (Use of Drones and Satellite Imagery is prohibited) www.krishi.info
  • 17. Advantages • Increase in productivity using frontier technologies without damaging the quality of land and water • Pan nation wide techno-green revolution as the need of the hour. www.krishi.info