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History
 Ferrara Ring




Paulo Ferrara, MD, PhD
Leonardo Torquetti, MD, PhD
HISTORY

1950 - Barraquer, J., Intracorneal implants for high myopia

1966 - Blavatskaya - Corneal rings from corneal tissue

1986 - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings

1987 - Fleming - Adjustable rings

1991 - Nosé, W - Single piece rings for low myopia

1991- Ferrara, P., Single piece rings for high myopia

1996 - Ferrara, P. - Ring segments for Keratoconus

1997 - Colin, J.- Ring segments for Keratoconus
HISTORY




1950 - Barraquer J

Rings implanted for correction of high

myopia
HISTORY




1986 - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings

Rings implanted through a small pocket.
HISTORY




1987 - Fleming

Adjustable rings - corneal

steepening and flattening

adjusted by the ring.
HISTORY


1986 - Ferrara, P - Ferrara Rings

Questions to be answered:

Optical zone?

Shape?

Surgical technique?

Depth?

Tolerance and stability?
                                    Pocket incision
HISTORY




1991 - Ferrara Ring

Microkeratectomy incision




                                 Single piece ring
HISTORY




Single piece ring
HISTORY




1994 - Ferrara Ring

Tunnel incision




                      Tunnelization instruments
HISTORY
HISTORY
HISTORY
HISTORY



  The coincidence of the incision and the ring
impaired the healing process and led to extrusion
                in several cases.




     The full ring is “splitted” in 2 segments
HISTORY
HISTORY



1995 - Ferrara Ring

Low predictability for myopia

New indication:

Keratoconus patients intolerant

to contact lens
HISTORY



1996 - Ferrara Ring

First nomogram for keratoconus

Improvement of the design,

including the holes at the tip of

segments.
HISTORY




2000 - Ferrara Ring

Use of asymetric segments and

single segments
HISTORY



2002 - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on spherical

equivalent.




2006 - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on topographic

astigmatism
HISTORY




2006 - Ferrara Ring

Launching of the yellow ring

to reduce halos and glare/
HISTORY




2009 - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on corneal

asphericity.
Developed BY
             Dr. Leonardo Torquetti
Shares and Comments are well come.

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History of Ferrara Rings

Editor's Notes

  1. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  2. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  3. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  4. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  5. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  6. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  7. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  8. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  9. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  10. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  11. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  12. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  13. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  14. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  15. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  16. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.
  17. The rings were first designed in 1950 by J. Barraquer in Colombia. Since then, there was a continuous improvement in its shape and design. It was initially indicated for myopia correction. In 1996, Dr Paulo Ferrara from Brazil began to use the rings for the keratoconus treatment which remains as the main indication for the ring implantation.