A presentation about Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalysis and the Defense Mechanisms

1. Disciplines and Ideas in the
Social Sciences
John Floyd Flores
Louie Jay Faduga
Dave Galila

2. PSYCHOANALYSIS

3. What is
?PSYCHOANALYSIS

4.  Greek psykhe (psyche) "mental"
the human soul, spirit, or mind.
 Greek Analysis,
the separating of any material or abstract entity into
its constituent elements
ETYMOLOGY
What is
?PSYCHOANALYSIS

5. According to our book:
• a theory of how the mind works
• a treatment modality
According to EncyclopediaBritannica.com
• a highly influential method of treating mental disorders,
shaped by psychoanalytic theory and is sometimes
described as “depth psychology.”
What is
?PSYCHOANALYSIS

6. PSYCHOANALYSIS
SIGMUND FREUD
(1856—1939)

7. SIGMUND FREUD
(1856—1939)
NAME
Sigmund Freud
OCCUPATION
Psychiatrist, Scholar
BIRTH DATE
May 6, 1856
DEATH DATE
September 23, 1939
EDUCATION
University of Vienna
PLACE OF BIRTH
Frepiiberg, Moravia, Austrian Emre
PLACE OF DEATH
London, England
ORIGINALLY
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, which is
now known as the Czech Republic, on May 6,
1856. Freud developed psychoanalysis, a method
through which an analyst unpacks unconscious
conflicts based on the free associations, dreams
and fantasies of the patient. His theories on child
sexuality, libido and the ego, among other topics,
were some of the most influential academic
concepts of the 20th century.

8. SIGMUND FREUD
(1856—1939)

9. PSYCHOANALYSIS
History
The idea of psychoanalysis first started to receive serious attention under
Sigmund Freud, who formulated his own theory of psychoanalysis in Vienna in
the 1890s.
Freud realized that there were mental processes that were not conscious, whilst
he was employed as a neurological consultant at the Children's Hospital, where
he noticed that many aphasic children had no apparent organic cause for their
symptoms. He then wrote a monograph about this subject. In 1885, Freud
obtained a grant to study with Jean-Martin Charcot, a famed neurologist, at
the Salpêtrière in Paris.

10. Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud
believed that people could be cured by making conscious
their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight.
The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions
and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious. It is only
having a cathartic (i.e. healing) experience can the person be helped
and "cured".
PSYCHOANALYSIS

11. The THREE Levels of
Consciousness:
1. Conscious
• The conscious consists of what someone is aware of at any
particular point in time.
• It includes what you are thinking about right now, whether it is
in the front of you mind or the back. If you are aware of it then
it is in the conscious mind.
Example:
Right now as you are reading about the three levels of consciousness you
could be thinking about what is being said in the text and that your eyes are
tired from staring at this screen. In the back of your mind, however, you might
be thinking

12. The THREE Levels of
Consciousness:
2. Pre-conscious
• The preconscious contains information that is just below the surface of
awareness.
• It can be retrieved with relative ease and usually can be thought of as
memory or recollection.
Example:
Right now think of your middle name. That is an example of preconscious
memory. Similar example could be what is your mom's birthday, when did it last
rain, and how long does it take to drive to the mall.

13. The THREE Levels of
Consciousness:
2. Unconscious
• The preconscious contains information that is just below the surface of
awareness.
• It can be retrieved with relative ease and usually can be thought of as
memory or recollection.
Example:
Right now think of your middle name. That is an example of preconscious
memory. Similar example could be what is your mom's birthday, when did it last
rain, and how long does it take to drive to the mall.

14. The 3 structure of
Personality
The ICEBERG
theory of
Personality

15. The 3 structure of
Personality
From these investigations he was led to a new conception of the structure of
personality: the id, ego, and superego.
Id - unconscious reservoir of
drives and impulses derived
from the genetic background
and concerned with the
preservation
and propagation of life.

16. The 3 structure of
Personality
Ego - is the psychological
component of the
personality that is
represented by our
conscious decision-making
process.

17. The 3 structure of
Personality
Superego - is the social
component of
our personality
and conscience .

18. The id
ego and
super ego

19. The 3 structure of
Personality

20. “Unexpressed emotions will never
die. They are buried alive and will
come forth in uglier days.”
- Sigmund Freud

21. Defense
mechanisms

22. In order to deal with conflict and problems in life, Freud
stated that the ego employs a range of defense
mechanisms. Defense mechanisms operate at an
unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e.
anxiety) or make good things feel better for the individual.
Defense
mechanisms

23. 1 Denial
• Protecting oneself from unpleasant reality by
refusing to receive it.
• most basic

24. • Unconsciously preventing painful dangerous thoughts from
entering awareness
• Repression is an unconscious mechanism employed by the
ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from
becoming conscious.
• Thoughts that are often repressed are those that would
result in feelings of guilt from the superego.
• Pushes stressful or painful thoughts into subconsious.
2 Repression

25. 2 Repression

26. •Substituting a different target to impulses when original
would be dangerous or unacceptable.
•The target can be a person or an object that can serve as a
symbolic substitute.
3 Displacement

27. • Attributing ones one’s own feelings, short comings, or
unacceptable impulses on others
• Blame others people for you’re your failure.
4 Projection

28. 5 REACTION FORMATION
• Preventing dangerous impulses from being expressed in
behavior by exaggerating opposite behavior
• Denial on your actual feelings on a opposite
action

29. • retreating to an earlier level of development or earlier less
demanding habits or situations.
6 Regression

30. • Justify your behavior by giving reasonable and rational but
false reasons for it.
7 Rationalization

31. • working off unmet desire or unacceptable impulses in
activities that are constructive
• frustrates us (fighting, breakups, family problems)
8 Sublimation

32. • counteracting real or imagined weaknesses by
emphasizing desirable traits or seeking in the areas
weakness
• a person tries to make up for his weaknesses by
developing strengths in other areas
9 compensation

33. • rather than deal with the painful associated emotion, a
person distance oneself from impulse event or behavior by
reasoning to block emotional distress
10 intellectualization

34. • Performing an extreme behavior in order to express
thoughts or feelings the person feels uncapable of
otherwise expressing.
11 acting out

35. • A person looses tract of time or person and instead finds another
representation of their self in order to continue in the moment.
• separate out of memories that we don’t want or cant deal with in
trauma.
12 dissociation

36. • this is a lesser form of dissociation wherein parts of oneself is
separated from awareness of other parts and behaving as if one has
separate set of value.
• unconscious psychological defense mechanism used to avoid
cognitive/mental discomfort & anxiety caused by conflicting values,
emotions, beliefs, etc. within.
EXAMPLE:
Soldiers shove any guilt associated with killing
people within the combat.
13 Compartmentalization

37. • Unconscious form of forgetting wherein one deliberately
escape or move away from the problem.
14 Suppression

38. • everything in the world is seen as all good or bad with
noting between.
15 Splitting
Example :
Seeing all good is greedy.

39. • Focusing on funny aspects of painful situation because one
would not like to face the real problem or the pain involve if
one will face the problem.
16 humor

40. • handling your own pain by helping others
17 Altruism

41. • the attempt to take back an unconscious behavior or
thought truth is unacceptable or hurtful
18 Undoing

42. Thank You