GSDI President, Dr David Coleman's presentation at the Joint International Conference onGeospatial Theory, Processing Modeling and ApplicationsToronto, 6 October 2014.
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David Coleman: Challenging Traditional Models, Roles and Responsibilities in Evolving Spatial Data Infrastructures
1. Challenging Traditional Models,
Roles and Responsibilities in
Evolving Spatial Data
Infrastructures
Dr. David J. Coleman, President
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
http://www.gsdi.org
Joint International Conference on
Geospatial Theory, Processing Modeling and
Applications
2. Key Subjects of
Presentation
Roots and Canada’s role in public-sector
SDI Development
SDI Initiatives at the Global Level
Indoor SDI – The Future is Now…
Lessons learned and challenges for the
future
4. Spatial Data Infrastructure
from http://www.gsdi.org
Critical mass of processes, policies,
standards, enabling technologies,
mechanisms and key datasets
required to make geospatial data readily
available to the growing community of end-users.
5. Evolution of the “Driving
Visions” of SDI
1960s and 1970s: Vision of creating jurisdiction-wide large,
centralized LIS and GIS “Data Banks” based on a common spatial
referencing framework
1980’s: Shift from large central databases to decentralized
networks of systems
SDI in the early 1990s: Recognizing and addressing
technological, operational and institutional aspects of geospatial
data collection, management, discovery and dissemination in a
coordinated manner.
SDI’s today: Supporting location-based services in the mass
market and spatially enabled workflows in government & industry.
6. 1st-Generation Spatial
Data Infrastructure
Programs
Concept developed in late 1970’s and
refined through 1980s and early 1990s
Evolved from earlier systematic surveying
& mapping programs
Emphasis on data discovery & distribution
Began in earnest in the US circa 1992
Followed quickly by Canada, Australia, the
EEC, the UK and many others
7. SDI: Early Principles
Data collected once and used many times
Seamless databases across boundaries
Recognition of both Basic Framework Data and
Value Added Data
Equitable sharing of SDI Costs, Services &
Responsibilities
(in some countries) Creation of value-added
products & services in support of industry
development From CGII Vision Report, Geoplan Consultants, Nov. 1996
8. Non-Government “SDI”
Commercial suppliers of online
geospatial data and services (e.g.,
Google, DigitalGlobe, Bing,
Nokia/Navteq, Esri and many others)
Open source suppliers like
OpenStreetMap
NGOs providing crowdsourced detail
and updates in response to (e.g.,)
Disaster Response and Citizen Science
9. A Changing Marketplace
Today…
Corporate consolidation and reorientation of government
programs
Commoditization and “mass customization” of location-based
services
Challenges to traditional geomatics approaches and suppliers
around the world
Evolving expectations of users re: capability, performance,
transparency, simplicity and reliability
“Big Data” demands changing our views of how we manage,
process, analyze and visualize data.
10. SDIs – The New
Generation
New Waves of geospatial data creation – both active
and passive
Increased operational use of geospatial data: sensor
networks and geospatially-enabled workflows
Increased strategic use of geospatial data by large
public & private organizations to detect patterns and
predict behaviour
Widespread and growing expectations of high
accuracy, currency of information and rapid response
times
11. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(from Pomfret /UNGGIM, 2014)
• Tremendous potential for
geospatial community, but…
• Number of legal concerns
- In-air collisions
- Personal injuries
- Privacy
• Number of countries re-examining laws & policies
• Impact could be much broader implications than
simply UAVs.
Image courtesy of LandScope Engineering
18. Global Initiative headquartered in China
Influenced by 1986 Vision of a “Digital Earth”
proposed by VP Al Gore and modified since.
International Executive Committee
Eight major “Digital Earth” international
symposia held since 1999
19. The GSDI Association
Advancing a Spatially-Enabled World
Our Vision: A world where everyone can
readily discover, access and apply geographic
information to improve their daily lives.
The GSDI Association
Advancing a Spatially-Enabled World
Our Vision: A world where everyone can
readily discover, access and apply geographic
information to improve their daily lives.
20. Wiki Version.
PDF versions now
available in
English, Spanish,
Chinese, Polish
and Albanian
21. GSDI Small Grants
Program
GSDI Small Grants Program to support
training & software (http://www.gsdi.org/sic1)
Cooperating with URISA GIS Corps to
provide services to some countries
Cooperating with International Center for
Land Policy Studies and Training Seminar on
GIS &Land Management (Chinese Taipei)
Great causes looking for more assistance!
30. Evolving SDIs
“Mass Customized”
and Indoor SDI
(Today)
“Private Sector” SDI
(2000s)
Traditional Public Sector SDI (1990s)
Similar Evolution Patterns as Traditional SDI, BUT
•Accelerating Technology Development
•Built atop in-place standards
•Increasingly sophisticated user community already possessing the
necessary technology for other reasons
•Based on market-based values & principles
•Much less emphasis on governance & consensus
•Reliance on Users to provide data “infills” and updates.
31. “Authoritative” SDI
Programs 1995-2014:
Looking Back…
Public infrastructure indeed laid the framework
for private sector initiatives, but…
Mapping Emphasis and Library/Bookstore Metaphor
limited the vision
Emphasis on widespread, mass-market use of
government mapping files has not taken hold.
Mixed successes in government-government and
government-industry partnerships
Except in a few examples, did not predict the ultimate
influence of integrated, real-time location-based
services
32. SDI Programs 1995-2014:
Key Accomplishments
Provided basis of defensible
forecasting of customer
demand for government data
S uppo rt e d I mpor t a nt
S t a nd a rd s a nd
Provided I nt e r private o pe ra b companies ilit y E ffor t s
with
more consistent & comprehensive
Important Sharing of
Lessons Learned
information on which to base their
Raised levels of user
Allowed own services.
public comparison
of different approaches to on-line
discovery & downloads
expectations
Changed the workflows,
efficiency and turnaround of
government tasks & services
33. SDI: Revisiting Early
Principles
Data: “Collect once, Use many times” – Still
necessary in an age of cheap and transparent location
determination?
Governance: Need for new models needed to
enable more rapid response to evolving user demands.
Financing: Consumers demand “free data”, but
willing to pay for services in several different ways…
Public and Private SDIs: Where are they
separate? Where are they necessary? Where do they
34. SDI: Examples of New
Research Directions
Accommodating and extending the use of
“unconventional” data collection platforms
Integrating output from indoor sensors with customer
service, security, business intelligence and point of
sale systems to support operational and strategic
services
Foreground and Background (or conscious and
unconscious) use of SDIs
Nature and resolution of governance & institutional
Issues in private SDIs (especially indoor SDIs)
One of GSDI’s earliest examples was the SDI Cookbook prepared collaboratively by multiple partners. While this is now available in multiple languages, we are pleased to see other organizations like UNECA and PC-IDEA improve on this with more extensive efforts tied to specific regions.
Since its launch in 2003, the GSDI Small Grants Program has supported more than 100 projects across the globe. Historically, the program has been sponsored through a partnership between the GSDI Association, the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee, and the GISCorps of URISA.
From the 2011-2012 Call for Proposals , 17 projects were supported beginning in 2012 and concluding in 2013. The full range of projects can be seen at http://www.gsdi.org/sic1 along with the final reports submitted by the beneficiaries.
This is a great cause, and the Association is actively seeking new funding to support the program for 2013 and beyond.
Through Societal Impacts Committee vice-Chair,
Jeremy Shen (Chinese Taipei), GSDI was able to provide a free training opportunity for three candidates from Latin
America to attend the International Center for Land Policy Studies and Training (ICLPST) training seminar on
Geographical Information Systems and Land Management in Taipei in September 2012. The same opportunity was
offered again in 2013, sponsoring another three members of IGS or GSDI to attend the 2013 training seminar.