2. SUMARY
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION
REP RAP
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES
2
3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? INTRODUCTION
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • 1980 – Industrial 3D printers in order to rapid
REP RAP
prototyping and research
CHOSEN MODEL
• 2003 – Growth of the 3D Printer and reduction of
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION the cost → more accessible to consumers
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
• 2010 – RepRap project can do a 3D printer
INSTALLATION
replicable : ↓↓ cost
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 3
4. INTRODUCTION
Overall objective:
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT • Develop metal parts from rapid prototyping using the
FABRICATION combination of RP with lost-wax casting
REP RAP
Means used:
CHOSEN MODEL
• Buy 3D printer
MECHANICAL
• Build 3D printer
CONSTRUCTION
• Print a polymers parts
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING • Study of the wax and the temperature to be used
SOFTWARE • Make a nozzle to print with wax
INSTALLATION • Adapt other parts
• Printing with wax (not enough time to do the job)
CONCLUSION
• Improve wax printer (not enough time to do the job)
PERSPECTIVES 4
5. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? WHAT IS A 3-D PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • Its is the printout of real objects from 3D drawings
REP RAP
• How to do this?
CHOSEN MODEL
• This is done in layers, the virtual 3D object is cut into layers
MECHANICAL 2D and it is printed layer by layer
CONSTRUCTION
• It’s used in traditional rapid prototyping
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
• Advantages: speed, ↓ cost, possibility of color
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
• Fields: jewelry, footwear, design, architecture, engineering,
CONCLUSION
automotive, aerospace, dental, education and many others
PERSPECTIVES 5
6. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • Methods of 3D printing:
• Molten polymer deposition like fused filament
REP RAP
fabrication
CHOSEN MODEL • Granular materials deposition, like selective laser
sintering
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION • Photopolymerization, like digital light processing
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
• Chosen Fused filament fabrication for its low cost,
practicality, possibility several studies
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 6
7. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
FUSED FILAMENT
PRINTER? FABRICATION
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION Thermoplastic is liquefied and extruded by a nozzle that
follows a path defined by software
REP RAP
• The object is printed from the bottom up trough an
CHOSEN MODEL extruder nozzle
MECHANICAL • Layers ≈ 0,04 mm thick
CONSTRUCTION
• The nozzle of the extruder can move in the 3D in
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING relation to base and it’s heated to melt the extruder
material.
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
• The machine is controlled by a numerical mechanism.
CONCLUSION • Can be used different kinds of materials, with different
properties of strength and melt temperature.
PERSPECTIVES 7
8. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • Advantages:
• FFF provides tools for procedure of product
REP RAP
development and realization of the rapid feedback
of the design.
CHOSEN MODEL
• Low geometrical limitation.
MECHANICAL • Limitations:
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
• Materials – polymers and ceramics.
MOUNTING • Rare metals parts
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
• The RepRap Project is an initiative that proposes this
kind of printer with replicability and in a low cost: reason
CONCLUSION
for the choice
PERSPECTIVES 8
9. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? REP RAP
FUSED FILAMENT
• Replicating Rapid-prototyper:
FABRICATION
• Print all parts in plastics and requires electronics, motors, metal rods.
REP RAP • Use a free software → Open Source designs
• Copyleft attitude → the author impose restrictions: copies, distribution
CHOSEN MODEL
and modification, but same rights in the all versions
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
• Why?
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING • Diffusion of knowledge
SOFTWARE • Collaboration in developing technology
INSTALLATION
• There is already one association in Saint-Etienne linked to the Ecole de Art
CONCLUSION et Design (ESADSE) that uses a 3D printer → Le Garage
PERSPECTIVES 9
10. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? Chosen Model
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • We choose a mendel model and bought a printed
prototype
REP RAP
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 10
11. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
• Our assembled prototype
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
REP RAP
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 11
12. INTRODUCTION
• Reference axes of the machine
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
REP RAP
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
• The plate can move in the Y-axis
• The X-axes can move the extrusion nozzle
CONCLUSION by the x direction and can move up and
down the Z-axis
PERSPECTIVES 12
13. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D • Axe x
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
REP RAP
• Axe y
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
• Axe z
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 13
14. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
A 3-D
PRINTER? Mechanical Construction
FILAMENT
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
FABRICATION Assembly plan
REP RAP
MODEL
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 14
15. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER?
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
REP RAP
CHOSEN MODEL
MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 15
16. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? Improvements
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • Problems with some dimensions
• Improve some
REP RAP
parts
CHOSEN MODEL
MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 16
17. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? Electronic Wiring
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • We use a RAMPS 1.4, a motherboard MEGA 2560
REP RAP
and the endstops.
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 17
18. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? Improvements
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION
• The RAMPS assembly plan
REP RAP isn't the same that we had
CHOSEN MODEL
MECHANICAL • We did not know where
CONSTRUCTION
were the connectors:
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING • We was verified with
SOFTWARE the voltmeter
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 18
19. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? Software Installation
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • We use linux
REP RAP • We downloaded and installed the necessary software
CHOSEN MODEL
• It need do a firmware on the motherboard
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
• So that the motherboard connect to the software,
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING which interprets the 3D planes
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 19
20. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? CONCLUSION
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • We are far of the overall objective, but we already have
made good progress
REP RAP
CHOSEN MODEL • I hope the printer starts to work until the end of the
project
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC
MOUNTING • It's a first step to a laboratory with practical studies
SOFTWARE • in the rapid prototyping by FFF
INSTALLATION
• Free software
CONCLUSION • Replicability machines
PERSPECTIVES 20
21. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A 3-D
PRINTER? PERSPECTIVES
FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION • Print the first part in polymer
• Choose of the wax or waxes
REP RAP
• Make a nozzle to print with wax
CHOSEN MODEL
• Adapt other parts
MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
• Prints with wax
ELECTRONIC • Develop metal parts from rapid prototyping
MOUNTING
• Using the combination of RP with lost wax casting
SOFTWARE
INSTALLATION • Use of lost-wax casting with quality and complex
patterns with lower cost and shorter times
CONCLUSION
PERSPECTIVES 21
22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• CREATE IT REAL.. 3D Printer technology. Retrieved on:
http://www.createitreal.com/index.php/en/3d-printer/48, accessed on February 12.
• GNU OPERATION SYSTEM. What is copyleft?. Retrieved on: < http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ >,
accessed on February 12.
• KOCHAN, D.; CHUA, C. C.; ZHAOHUI, D. Rapid prototyping issues in the 21 st century.
Retrieved on:
<http://www.graco.unb.br/alvares/DOUTORADO/omega.enm.unb.br/pub/doutorado/disco3/
papers/primeira_pesquisa_bibliografica/telemanufatura70.pdf>, accessed on February 12.
• LE GARAGE. La associatio Le Garage. Retrieved on: <http://legarage-gpl.org/legarage>,
accessed on February 12.
• LILLI MANOLIS SHERMAN. 3D Printers Lead Growth of Rapid Prototyping. Retrieved on:
<http://www.ptonline.com/articles/3d-printers-lead-growth-of-rapid-
prototyping>,accessed on February 12.
• ROBERT A. GUTH. How 3-D Printing Figures To Turn Web Worlds Real. Retrieved on:
<http://www.zcorp.com/documents/194_2007-1212-Wall%20Street%20Journal-
3DP%20Turns%20Web%20World%20Real.pdf>, accessed on February 12.
• WILLIAM PALM. Rapide prototyping printer. , 2002. Retrieved on:
<http://www.me.psu.edu/lamancusa/rapidpro/primer/chapter2.htm#applications>, accessed
on February 12.
• WIKIPEDIA. 3D Printing. Retrieved on: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing#cite_ref-
17>.accessed on February 13.
• REPRAP.ORG. About the RepRap project. Retrieved on:
<http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapWiki:About>,accessed on February 13.
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