1. HISTORY OF
August 26th 2015
Capital College and Research Center

2. •What is cosmology?
•How did it all happen?
•When did it all begin?
•What is it all made of?

3. Titles :
• Introduction to 'The Big Bang' (TBB)
and 'The Big Bang Theory' (TBBT)
• Explanation of 'The Big Bang'
• Age of the universe

4. Introduction
• The universe started with a huge explosion 13
billion years ago. This explosion is called 'The
Big Bang'.
• The Big Bang theory is basically an effort to
explain what happened at the very beginning
of our universe.
• The Big Bang theory says that, "The universe
started with a cataclysm that created space
and time and all the matter and energy that
has ever existed in the universe.

5. • Georges Lemaitre was the first person
to propose what became the Big Bang
theory through his 'Hypothesis of the
primeval atom'
• Scientists later built on his ideas to
form the modern theory of the big
bang.

6. Description Of
The Big Bang (TBB)

7. • 12-14 billion years ago, the universe was hot,
dense and only few mm across.
• The universe was created by a huge explosion,
known as the big bang.
• Prior to the moment when the universe began
there was nothing, during and after that
moment , there was something. "Our Universe".
TBBT explains what happened during & after
that moment.

8. • After TBB occured, the universe was in
an extremely hot and dense state and
began expanding rapidly.
• The first electrically neutral atoms
appeared thousands of years later. The
first elements were hydrogen & small
quantity of helium and lithium.
• 400 millions years after TBB, stars and
galaxies were formed by combination of
clouds of elements.

9. • Higher elements were formed either
within the stars or during supernova and
formed new stars and planets.
• 380,000 years after the big bang, the
temperature of universe cooled down to
the current temperature.
• It has since expanded to a vast and much
cooler cosmos and it continues to expand
and cool to this day.

11. AGE OF
THE UNIVERSE

12. There are at least three ways that
the age of universe can be
estimated:
 The age of the chemical elements.
 The age of the oldest star clusters.
 The age of the oldest white dwarf star.

13. →Edwin Hubble -Hubble's law
→Galaxies appeared to be moving
away from us at speed proportional
to their distance.
→By using Hubble's law and by
working backward scientists can
determine approximately how old
the universe is.

14. • In physical cosmology , the age of the
universe is the time elapsed since the
Big Bang. The current measurement of
the age of the universe is 13.798±0.037
billion years
• The uncertainty of 37 million years has
been obtained by the agreement of a
number of scientific research projects.

15. Thank You!
By:
Alaka Acharya