2. In the parts of speech adverb plays an
important role.
Let us see what is its role …………..
3. Adverb:- Basically, most adverbs
tell you how, where or when some thing is done.
In other words, they describe the manner, place
or time of an action.
4. Commonly, adverbs are formed
from adjectives. Some are below.
Adjectives Adverbs
Kind Kindly
Happy Happily
Wonderful Wonderfully
Loud Loudly
Sad Sadly
Beautiful Beautifully
Sweet Sweetly
5. Many adverbs end with ly. You make these
adverbs by adding ly to adjectives.
Some words that end in ly are not adverbs. Some
adjectives end in ly too. For Example:-
1.Sam was feeling very lonely.
2.She was wearing a lovely dress.
3.It was a very lively party
Note:
6. Kinds of Adverbs
Manner
Place
Time
Frequency
Purpose/Reason
It describes in which manner an
action is done.
It describes where an action is
done.
It describes when an action is
done.
It shows how many times an
action is done.
It describes the purpose or
reason for the action.
8. Examples :
The boys are playing upstairs.
The dog is in the garden.
We’re going to NewYork City on our
school trip.
It’s very sunny but cold outside.
Adverbs of Place:
Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question
“where?”.
They are called adverbs of place.
9. Adverb of places
1. I’ve lived here for about two years.
2. English and German are closely related.
3. Is mark still in bed
4. His children go everywhere with him.
10. Examples:
The girls answered all the questions correctly.
He was driving carelessly.
The plane landed safely.
Ramu plays guitar skillfully.
Adverbs of Manner:
Some adverbs and adverb phrases describe the way
people do things.
11. Adverb of manner
1. They watched Carefully.
2. The flower was beautifully made up
3. She seemed faintly.
4. The team played wonderfully.
12. Adverbs of Frequency
Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the
question “how often an action is done”
They are called adverbs of frequency.
Examples :
The children always go to school on the bus.
I’ll never make that mistake again .
I clean my bedroom every day.
Dad polishes his shoes twice a week.
13. Examples :
The train has already left.
We moved into our new house last week.
Our favorite T.V. program starts at 6’o clock.
I’m going to my new school tomorrow.
Adverbs of Time:
Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the
question “when?”.
They are called adverbs of time.
14. Adverbs Of Time
We shall now begin to work.
He called here a few minutes ago.
I have spoken to him yesterday.
He comes here daily.
Mr. Guptha formerly lived here.
15. Adverbs of quantity or degree
It shows how much, or in what
degree or to what extent.
He was too careless.
The sea is very stormy.
I am rather busy.
I am fully prepared.
These mangos are almost ripe.
16. Adverbs of reason
The adverb which tells about a
reason is called adverb of reason.
He is hence unable to refute the charge.
He therefore left school.
17. Adverbs of affirmation and negation:
Which says yes if it is yes and no if it is no
Examples:
1. I don’t know.
2. Surely you are mistaken.
3. He certainly went.
18. Examples of Adverbs:-
1.She sings sweetly.
2.He speaks quite clearly.
3.She shouts loudly.
4. She smiled cheerfully.
5.The traffic was moving slowly.
6.She writes neatly.
7.We waited patiently to see the doctor.
19. Some examples of adverbs of different kinds:
1. Tortoise walks slowly (Manner).
2. We will have our Semester exams on April 1st
week(Time).
3. The accident happened near the Highway(Place).
4. At least twice a week I used to go for
Temple(Frequency).
5. We all go for a picnic just for enjoyment(Purpose).
6. The sea is very stormy(Degree /Quantity).
7. Surely you are mistaken(Affirmation/Negation).
20. 1. His face was dirty and he was dressed ----------------------.(manner)
2. Have you---------------- ---------------------- been in a plane? (frequency)
3. She was so ill that she missed school -------------------------. (duration)
4. I did some homework last night and finished it--------------------.(time)
5. We went--------------------------------- to play. (place)
6. Dad takes the dog for a walk ------------------------------. (frequency)
7. Sally left her pencil case--------------------------------- . (place)
8. Speak -----------------------------so everyone can hear you. (manner)
9. It was a fine day and the children played in the garden ------.(duration)
10. “Go and do your homework.” “I’ve------------------------done it.” (time)
(outside this morning ever on the bus clearly
all day in old clothes for a week already every day)
Try this exercise :
in old clothes
ever
for a week
this morning
outside
everyday
on the bus
clearly
all day
already
21. Adjective
An adjective is a word that modifies
(describes) a noun or a pronoun.
Several adjectives often appear in one
sentence.
More than one adjective may describe the
same noun or pronoun.
22. Adjective
An adjective answers these questions:
What kind? green, old, round, strong
Which one? this, that, these, those
How many? two, few, 300, two-thirds, some
Whose? hers, Maria’s, companies’
23. Types of Adjectives
Limiting Adjectives
Indicate how many.
May be numbers or words.
Examples
We must wait six weeks for the new chairs.
Lisa charges a $200 consulting fee.
24. Types of Adjectives
Descriptive Adjectives that come before Nouns
Answer the question What kind?
Usually precede nouns or follow linking verbs.
Are placed as closely as possible to the noun or pronoun they
modify.
Examples:
We request sealed bids for the workstation estimates.
Back disorders may result from poor posture.
25. Types of Adjectives
Descriptive Adjectives that come after
Linking Verbs
Modify nouns or pronouns used as subjects.
Act as complements (predicate adjectives).
Examples
Proper office lighting is important.
The noise in this office seems excessive.
26. Types of Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive pronouns such as my, her, his, your, its, our
function as adjectives.
Modify a noun or a pronoun.
Answer the question whose?
Examples
You should use a keyboard that meets your needs.
He liked his chair at work so much that he bought one
for his home office.
Richard’s degree is in marketing.
27. Types of Adjectives
Proper Adjectives
Proper adjectives are proper nouns or words derived from proper nouns
that function as adjectives. They answer the question which?
Capitalize most proper adjectives as you would do for proper nouns.
We selected the Italian desk lamps.
Do not capitalize proper adjectives when they lose their connections
with the proper nouns from which they were derived.
Shelly recommends a light blue venetian blind.
28. Types of Adjectives
Demonstrative Adjectives
The four demonstrative adjectives that modify
nouns are this, that, these, those. These
adjectives answer the question which one? or
which ones?
Use this or that with singular nouns.
Use these and those with plural nouns.
29. Types of Adjectives
Compound Adjectives—Hyphenated Before and After
Nouns
Some compound adjective combinations use hyphens
when appearing before or after nouns or in other
locations in a sentence.
Examples
This work-related injury could have been prevented.
This office was described to me as fast-paced.
30. Types of Adjectives
Compound Adjectives—Hyphenated Only Before Nouns
Some compound adjective combinations use a hyphen when
appearing before a noun.
Example:
This well-known furniture company is the one we selected.
When these combinations appear in other locations in a sentence,
they do not require hyphens.
Example:
We selected this furniture company because it is well known.
31. Types of Adjectives
Compound Adjectives
Do not use a hyphen when an adjective plus a noun combination is widely
recognized as a concept or institution.
Examples:
Our real estate agent recommended moving to a new location.
Most of our positions require more than a high school education.
To avoid wrist injury, learn the keystroke combinations for your word
processing program.
32. Types of Adjectives
Nouns with Numbers
Use a hyphen to connect a number (words or figures) and a noun to form
a compound adjective before a noun.
Examples:
A 4-foot workstation
A 15-pound object
Do not use a hyphen when the expression consisting of a number and
noun follows the noun.
Examples:
A workstation that is 4 feet
An object that is 15 pounds
33. Types of Adjectives
Numerical Compound Adjectives
Use hyphens in the numbers between 21 and
99 when the numbers are written as words.
Example:
Eighty-two out of one hundred adults will suffer back
problems at some point in their lives.
Our note to the bank is for $35,533 (Thirty-five
thousand five hundred thirty-three dollars).
34. Types of Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative adjectives are used to ask
questions.
Examples:
Whose car is this?
What is your name?
Why did you commit the crime?
When will he arrive?
Who did you say is responsible?
35. Coordinate Adjectives
A coordinate adjective consists of two or more adjectives
separated by a comma instead of a coordinating conjunction.
Example: A cold, rainy day.
To determine if you can replace the coordinating conjunction
with a comma, see if the adjectives can be reversed or if and
can be added between the adjectives without changing the
meaning.
If the adjectives can be reversed, they are coordinate and a
comma can be used.
36. Coordinate Adjectives
Example
The clowns arrived in a bright, shiny car.
The clowns arrived in a shiny, bright car.
• From the examples, it is obvious that reversing bright and shiny does
not change the meaning of the sentence.
• Now, lets add and between bright and shiny for the sentence to read
as:
• The clowns arrived in a bright and shiny car.
• From the example, it is obvious that adding and between bright and
shiny does not change the meaning of the sentence.
37. Determiners as Adjectives
Determiners such as articles, nouns and pronouns can serve as
adjectives.
When a determiner is used as an adjective, it restricts the noun it
modifies, like a limiting adjective.
Determiners functioning as adjectives tell which one? How many? and
Whose?
Articles (the, a, an)
Possessive pronouns (my, our, your, their, his, her, its)
Relative pronouns (which, whichever, what whatever)
Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
Indefinite pronouns (any, each, some, other, all, etc.)
Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.)
Ordinal numbers (first, last, second, etc.)
Possessive proper nouns (Adjoa’s, Mary’s etc.)
38. Placement and Order of
Adjectives
• A single noun can be described by a list of adjectives. When more than one adjective is used to modify a
noun, it is important to consider the order in which the adjectives appear.
•
• Generally, the adjectives most important in completing the meaning of the noun are placed closest to the
noun.
• The following is the usual order in which adjectives appear:
1. Determiners: articles (the, a, an), demonstrative (this, those that, these), possessives (his, her, my, our,
Kofi’s , everybody’s), amount (one, five, many, few), order (first, last).
2. Coordinate adjectives (subjective evaluations or personal opinions), nice, nasty, beautiful, attractive, etc.
3. Adjectives describing size: huge, large, little, tiny.
4. Adjectives describing shape: tall, short, long, round, square
5. Adjectives describing age: old, young, modern, ancient, archaic.
6. Adjectives describing colour: red, green, blue, brown.
7. Adjectives describing nationality: Ghanaian, American, Togolese
8. Adjectives describing architectural style or religion: Catholic, Christian, Muslim, Greek, Roman
9. Adjectives describing material: table, Plastic, silver, gold
10. Nouns functioning as adjectives: English class, History teacher, base ball)
39. Coordinate Adjectives
However, if the adjectives cannot be reversed and if and cannot be
used, a comma cannot be used as well.
Examples
The clowns arrived in two colourful cars.
The clowns arrived in colourful two cars.
The clowns arrived in two and colourful cars.
From the examples above, it is obvious that reversing two and colourful
changes the meaning of the sentence.
• Similarly, adding and between two and colourful changes the meaning of
the sentence.
40. Types of Adjectives
“Self” Words
Use a hyphen when self is connected to
another word to form a compound adjective.
Examples:
self-confidence
self-reliant
self-fulfilling
self-worth
