1. FDRS DEVELOPMENT FOR LAND AND FOREST FIRE
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
BMKG
Presented on:
“ASEAN Technical Workshop on Development of the ASEAN Peat Land Fire Prediction and
Early Warning System”
Kuala Lumpur, 20-21 March 2012
AGENCY FOR METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGYL AND GEOPHYSICS

2. Scope of presentation :
1. Fire Danger Rating System
2. FDRS Implementation Phases
3. FDR Development (1999 – 2002)
4. FDR Operation (2003 – now)
5. Product Of FDRS: Current Status
6. Smoke Dispersion and Trajectory Forecast Model
7. Dessimination of FDRS information
8. FDRS Future Development Program

3. BMKG
1. Fire Danger Rating
• Evaluation of (meteorological)
factors that influence fire danger
• A system for fire danger rating to
evaluate the fire environment on
regular intervals and in objective
way.
• Provides information and guidelines
for fire management

4. 2. FDRS Implementation Phases
1999-2002 2003 2004
2003 2005
2003 2006 2007 2008-Now
BMKG Install and Runs FDRS
(Pontianak, Palangka Raya, Jam-bi,
MoU G to G (Indonesia & Canada) Palembang, Pekanbaru and
SEA FDRS - Indonesia Initiative Lampung) & National Smoke
(CFS, BPPT, BMKG and MoF) Trajectory
1. Adaptation
BMKG R&D start to develop FDR Prediction
2. Operational for 7 days and TAPM base on NWP
3. Application (Collaboration CSiro and BMKG)
4. Haze Regional System
BMKG Produce 3 days FDR Prediction (Synergies
Module; MFI and BMKG). BMKG continued work on
TOT and Capacity building of XLFWI Calculation
in 3 Province (Jambi, Lampung and Palangka Raya)
National Institute of Aeronautics And Space Agency
(LAPAN)-sFMS based on RS
MoU 3 Agencies (BPPT, MoF and
BMKG- done TOT and Capacity Building (using XLFWI
BMKG) FDRS Indonesia Calculation) in Riau and Pontianak
1. Operational of FDR
2. Capacity building in MoF Ministry of Forestry (MoF) start to produce AWS and
3. Product Dissemination XLFWI FDR Calculation in 29 areas – 8 Provinces

5. 3. FDR Development (1999-2002)
• Institutions:
– Agency for Meteorology Climatology and
Geophysics (BMKG)
– National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
– Ministry of Forestry (MoF)
– Agency for Assessment and Application of
Technology (BPPT)
– Canadian Forest Service (CFS)
• Pilot project areas:
– Riau Province
– West Kalimantan Province

6. 3. FDR Development (1999-2002)
Development Adaptation Operation Application
Component:
BAPEDAL
BMKG HO BMKG HO
Agency roles: (electronic FDRS)
DEPHUT
PEMDA
BMKG Local Office
(manual/remote access) Media, dll.
-Formulate FDRS team
BMKG Activities: -Decode weather data -Preparation of FDRS outputs
-Integrate weather database
-Map fire climate zones -Generate daily FDRS maps -Dissemination of outputs to users
-Calibrate FDRS locally -Forecast FDRS
-Assist with decoding -Output materials
FDRS Project -FDRS concepts training
-Train FDRS operators -Communications with user groups
Support: -Mission to Canada
-Database training -Regional networking
-Database/GIS training
-Technical support -Technical support
-Analysis of fire weather
-Facilitate budget support -Build Link between fdrs members
-Technical support
from user agencies about FDRS dissemination

7. 4. FDR Operation (2003 – now)
• Information providers:
– BMKG (since February 2002) → weather station based, spatial
information
– LAPAN (since 2005) → satellite remote sensing-based, spatial
information
– Ministry of Forestry (since 2005) → Single weather station based-
ExcelFWI Calculation (29 Operation areas for 8 Provinces)
• Users:
– Ministry of Forestry
– Ministry of Environment
– Disaster Management Agency
– ASEAN Secretariat
– CARE Indonesia
– Etc.

8. SYNOPTIC (SURFACE) WEATHER DATABASE WEATHER DATA FIRE WEATHER INDEX
WEATHER DATA SYSTEM CONVERSION INPUT
INPUT DATA
FTP SCRIPT ODBC
MS Access Modules Open database connection
File Transfer Protocol
3-hourly synoptic data from ~163 BMKG Real time fire weather database consists of 3 tables:
weather observing stations in Indonesia is - “CMSSData” contains 3 hourly synoptic data
Raw weather data from CMSS
collected in the Computer Message Switching - “FIRE_ASEAN_VSTN” contains South East Asia weather station
(FTP) stored in FDRS-BMKG
System (CMSS) which automatically decodes catalog
computer in Relational Database
and retranslates it at every 16.00LST. Data is - “FWIInput” contains Fire Weather Input.
System using Microsoft Access.
stored for a week and renewed. - Each table has similar relational structure.
• Temperature • Temperature
• Relative Humidity • Relative Humidity • Temperature
Fire Weather Index
• Wind Speed • Wind Speed • Rainfall • Rainfall
Inputs
• Rainfall
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
COUNTRY - WIDE
Fuel Moisture Code Fine Fuel Moisture Code Duff Moisture Code Drought Code
Maps (FFMC) (DMC) (DC)
Initial Spread Index Buildup Index
(ISI) (BUI)
Fire Behavior Index
Maps
Fire Weather Index
(FWI)
Purpose of the Indonesia FDRS
initiative is to strengthen the
capacity of resource management
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
organizations to prevent and
control unwanted vegetation fires
and associated haze. Communication Daily report Weekly Synopsis and Monthly Report
products (Website) Forecast
The FDRS is designed to support
Indonesia agencies in monitoring
fire conditions and in developing
actions to support prevention,
monitoring and mitigation activities • Fire Brigades • Forestry Department • Forestry Department
Users • Forestry Offices • Agriculture Department • Agriculture Department
at local levels.
The Meteorological Climatological
• Regional BMG • Environment Ministry •
•
Industry Department
National Coordination Board For Natural BMKG
and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) Disaster
operates the FDRS according to the • Local Government
procedures explained.

9. CURRENT FDRS OPERATIONAL STATUS IN INDONESIA
The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) is a global network, which exchanges meteorological
data and products in the framework of the World Weather Watch (WWW) program of the World
The purpose of the Indonesia Forest Fire Danger Rating System initiative is to Meteorological Organization (WMO). The GTS links three World Meteorological Centers (WMC) located
strengthen the capacity of resource management organizations to prevent in Washington, Moscow and Melbourne, fifteen Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH) and NMS.
BMG is connected with one WMC (Melbourne) and one Regional Meteorology Center (RMC
and control unwanted vegetation fires and associated haze. Singapore).
The FDRS is designed to support Indonesian agencies in monitoring fire
WMC – Melbourne
conditions and in developing actions to support prevention, monitoring and
Global telecommunication system, GTS RMC - Singapore
mitigation activities.
INDOSAT
The Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) operates MFI - France
the FDRS according to the procedures explained below.
Weather Observations Indonesian Regional Meteorology Office Computer Messages Switching System, Jakarta
From Indonesia Synoptic (Region I, II, III, IV and V) (CMSS)
Station Network
File transfer protocol
BMKG-RDBMS
Telex, Fax or phone (FTP)
Single Side Band (SSB)
Real time meteorological data (T, RH, fff, RR) is
Very Small Aperture Terminal
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) processed in Relational Database Management
(VSAT)
System to be used as input for GIS processing.
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
Single Side Band (SSB)
Single Side Band (SSB)
Telex, Fax or phone
Fire Danger is an assessment of the fixed and variable factors of the fire
environment, which determine the ease of ignition, rate of fire spread, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
difficulty of control and fire impacts. Fire Danger Rating is the process of
systematically evaluating the individual and combined factors influencing
fire danger.
Weather station network
In many fire danger rating systems only the weather elements are
considered. The other legs of the fire environment triangle, fuel and Land system
Elevation
topography, are assumed constant. In other systems, fire and topography Land Cover
are explicitly included in the system.
Station Collecting Center (SCC) Site specific weather is needed to project the behavior of a specific fire. Fire
danger rating, on the other hand, uses weather observations at a fixed site
to give a broad area assessment of fire potential. The difference between
fire behavior and fire danger is essentially a matter of scale. Weather raw data
Fire danger rating system which implemented at BMKG is using the Spatial Weather station catalogue
The fire danger rating system helps fire control managers to make decisions on: Fire Management System (FMS). Static data layers, such as landcover and
• Land use activities and regulations topography are used along with meteorological data to calculate daily fire
• Fire suppression planning and allocation of fire suppression resources danger maps.
• Daily incidence response
• Burning plans and permits
FDRS PRODUCTS
FDRS USERS
Drought Code - Palembang
1000
900
800
700
BMKG
600
500 Main data communication
400
300
200
100
0
Alternative data communication
1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

10. BMKG
Temperature Temperature
Weather Relative Humidity Wind Temperature
Relative Humidity
Element Wind Velocity Velocity Rainfall
Rainfall
Rainfall
Wet Level Wet Level
Fuel humidity
Top Layer of Soil low layer of soil Dry Level
codes
Fine Fuel Moisture Code Duff Moisture Code Drought Code (DC)
(FFMC) (DMC)
Flame level
Fire Spread Level Buildup Index
Initial Spread Index (ISI) (BUI)
Fire behavior index
Fire Weather Index (FWI)
(0 until 13)

11. BMKG
Daily Operational FDRS at BMKG Head Office
Existing FDRS configuration at BMKG
WEATHER OBSERVATION
Bawil I
Satelli
Geostationary
te
Medan
Satellite (GMS)
Polar Orbiting
Satellite (NOAA)
Aircraft
Aerosonde
Radiosonde
Bawil II
Satellite
Ciputat
Seawatch
Buoy
CMSS MAIN DATA SERVER
Maritime
Shiping observation observation Bawil III BMG VSAT
Denpasar Link Satellite dish CCU1 CCU2 STRATUS CUMULUS
Weather Radar
Rainfall
station
Bawil IV
Surface observation
Ujung Pandang
station
Automatic weather Satellite Control Router
Station (AWS) Station
Cisco 2611
Bawil V Switch 100 mbps
BMG LAN
Jayapura
Modem DOV BACKBONE
Router
Cisco 2509
DATA ENTRY
Computer 1 Computer 4
Computer 2 Computer 3
Indosat - British Telecom
Frame Relay
Telephone
Meteorological
Center Climate & Air
Quality Center
RDBMS
FDRS &
GIS
NMC RMC processing
Melbourne Singapore
Internet Multimedia
Studio
Fire Danger
Fire Danger
Fire Danger Long Term Forecast
Short Term Forecast
Daily Information Monthly and Yearly
Weekly synopsis
Seasonal
External Agencies
Forestry Dept, Agriculture &
Web Web
Web, Monthly Report Plantation Dept, LAPAN, BPPT,
Seasonal Publication Environtment Dept, NGO,TV media, etc

13. 5. PRODUCT OF FDRS: CURRENT
STATUS
Based On Synoptics Data

18. 5. PRODUCT OF FDRS: CURRENT
STATUS
Based On Forecast Data

26. 6. HAZE DISPERSION AND
TRAJECTORY FORECAST MODELS

27. SMOKE DISPERSION AND TRAJECTORY FORECAST FOR SOUTH SUMATERA
VALID FOR 26 AGUSTUS 2011; 07.00, 13.00, and 19.00 WIB
07:00 WIB 13:00 WIB 19:00 WIB MTSAT IR 19.00 WIB
Source: BMKG
TAPM (The Air Pollution Model)

28. SMOKE DISPERSION AND TRAJECTORY FORECAST FOR CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
VALID FOR 26 AGUSTUS 2011; 07.00, 13.00, and 19.00 WIB
07:00 WIB 13:00 WIB 19:00 WIB MTSAT IR 19.00 WIB
Source: BMKG
TAPM (The Air Pollution Model)

29. 7. DESSIMINATION OF FDRS
INFORMATION

30. Daily Operational FDRS at BMKG
Existing FDRS information at BMKG (http://www.bmkg.go.id/BMKG_Pusat/Meteorologi/Kebakaran_Hutan.bmkg)

32. 8. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

33. WEATHER STATION NETWORK IN INDONESIA

35. Integrated Radar Network

36. Integrated Radar Network

37. NWP Product

38. BMKG
REALTIME ANALYSIS SHORT RANGE FORECAST MEDIUM LONG RANGE
(2 - 3 DAY FORECAST) FORECAST
(1–2 MONTH FORECAST)
FINE FUEL H + 2 DAY FORECAST H+1 MONTH FORECAST
MOISTURE CODE FINE FUEL MOISTURE FINE FUEL MOISTURE
(FFMC) CODE (FFMC) CODE (FFMC)
H+2 DAY FORECAST
FIRE WEATHER H+1 MOTNH FORECAST
FIRE WEATHER INDEX
INDEX (FWI) FIRE WEATHER INDEX
(FWI)
(FWI)
H + 3 DAY FORECAST
HAZE MONITORING H+2 MONTH FORECAST
FINE FUEL MOISTURE
FINE FUEL MOISTURE
CODE (FFMC)
CODE (FFMC)
HORIZONTAL H + 3 DAY FORECAST
VISIBILITY FIRE WEATHER INDEX H+2 MONTH FORECAST
MONITORING (FWI) FIRE WEATHER INDEX
(FWI)
SATELLITE DATA H +2, AND +3 DAY
INTEGRATION FORECAST H +1 AND H+2 MONTH
(HOTSPOT/FIRE SPOT/ 10 METER WIND FIELD FORECAST 10 METER
HAZE MONITORING) WIND FIELD
H +2, AND +3 DAY
FORECAST HAZE
DISPERSION/ TRAJECTORY
MODEL