CHROMATOGRAPHY
LESSON 1

Before going to the topic, we have to know some of the vocabularies related to the
topic.......what are all they.....?? lets we see...
Chromatography:
A seperation technique.
Chromatograph:
A systerm for performing chromatography.
Chromatogram:
The chart displaying the time dependent change in signal intensity as
a result of the separation.
Stationary phase:
A solid or a liquid and solid mixture, which doesn't move
Mobile phase:
A mobiling phase which is liquid or gas.
It can move.
Analyte:
A solute is the chemical entity being analyzed.

Eluent: (Another term is mobile phase)
A solvent used to carry the components of a mixture through a
stationary phase
Eluate:
The mobile phase that exits the column is termed the eluate.
Elution:
A process, which solutes are washed through a stationary phase by
the movement of a mobile phase.
Is this threewordsconfusing you???
letssee it in the simple way....okey
eluent means a thing, which can solubilize the component (sample)
eluate means...chromotography technique has 2 phases right?
one is stationary phase and another is mobile phase....the movement of
mobile phase toward the exit position ...imagine an end of a verticle coloumn
or a tube...
elution is a process which removes the solutes from the stationary phase
through the movement of a mobile phase.

letswe move to the Classification of chromatographic methods
It has classified in 3 fundamental way,
Based on the shape of the chromotography bed.
Based on the physical state of the mobile and stationary phases.
Based on the mechanism of separation.
could you understandwhat i said......???
what is chromotography bed??? its a newwordright?its nothing...
its like a base or a planeto the chromotography

Planar chromatography
(open-bed chromatography)
Based on the shape of the chromatography bed
Paper C
Column chromatography
Thin C
Packed open-tubularPaper impregnated
by a substance
acting as a stationary
phase.
thin layer of a
substance acting as a
stationary phase spread
on glass, metal or
plastiv plate.
Stationary phase- e.g.,
1. silica gel, the silica
atoms are joined via
oxygen in a giant
covalent structure.
2. Aluminium oxide
Note:Onlyliquid
chromatographycanbe
performedeitherincolumns
or gas.Gaschromatography
onlyincolumn!!!
Tube
the solid stationary
phase or support
coated with a liquid
stationary phase
may fill the whole
inside volume of the
tube
be concentrated
on or along the
inside tube wall
leaving an open,
unrestricted path
for the mobile
phase in the
middle part of the
tube

Based on the physical state of the mobile and stationary phases
Liquid chromatography
Gas chromatography
Mobile phase Stationary phase
Gas-Liquid chromatography
Gas -Solid chromatography
Liquid -Solid chromatography
Liquid-Liquid chromatography
Sub groups
Sub groups

Based on the mechanism of separation.
Partition Adsorption Size ExclusionAffinity Ion exchange C
On next lesson we will learn about adsorption and partition
chromatography!!! bye-bye